| IMZ-Ural | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | Private |
| Founded | 1941 |
| Founder | Soviet Government |
| Headquarters | Irbit, Russia |
| Industry | Recreational vehicles |
| Products | Motorcycles |
| Website | http://www.imz-ural.com |
IMZ - Irbitskiy Mototsikletniy Zavod (Ирбитский мотоциклетный завод = ИМЗ) is a Russian maker of heavy motorcycles (especially with sidecars). The term privately held company refers to ownership of a business company in two different ways first referring to ownership by non-governmental organizations and second An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Irbit (Ирби́т is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located about 203 km from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 km by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In North American English the term recreational vehicle, and its acronym RV, are generally used to refer to an enclosed piece of equipment dually used as both In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. A sidecar is a one-wheeled device attached to the side of a Motorcycle, producing a three-wheeled vehicle In 1940, the Soviet Union acquired the design and production techniques for BMW R 71 motorcycles and sidecars. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 The first M-72 model was finished in 1941. M-72 motorcycle was Motorcycle built by the Soviet Union. Conceived as a replacement for the two heavy motorcycles used by the Red Army &mdashthe TIZ-AM-600 Originally factories were to be located in Moscow, Leningrad (now called Saint Petersburg) and Kharkov but due to the approach of German troops, the Moscow facilities were moved to Irbit and the Leningrad and Kharkov facilities to Gorkiy (nowadays Nizhny Novgorod). Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Kharkiv or Kharkov (Харків Харьков is the second largest city in Ukraine. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Irbit (Ирби́т is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located about 203 km from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 km by Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia
A similar model is the Soviet (now Ukrainian) Dnepr motorcycle. Dnepr (Днепр or Дніпро Dnipro) is the brand name of heavy Motorcycles produced in Kiev, Ukraine. Both Ural and Dnepr motorcycles are sometimes known by the generic name of Cossack motorcycles. In the GNU Compiler Collection, GENERIC is an intermediate representation common to all the front-ends of GCC The term Cossack motorcycle can apply to any number of Motorcycles made in the former Soviet Union, a reference to the semi- Nomadic mounted Between 1973 and 1979 Ural was one of the makes marketed by SATRA in the United Kingdom as Cossack motorcycles. SATRA also stands for the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The term Cossack motorcycle can apply to any number of Motorcycles made in the former Soviet Union, a reference to the semi- Nomadic mounted [1]
Chang Jiang, a Chinese motorcycle manufacturer, bought the Ural M-72 production line to build its CJ-750 (original designation Model 1957, M1). Chang Jiang ( is the transcripted brand name of Motorcycles and scooters manufactured by Nanchang Aircraft Factory in Nanchang, China.
Contents |
History
The origins of the IMZ-Ural are linked to developments in the Eastern Front of World War II. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Soviet Union was preparing for possible military action by Nazi Germany. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet military to prepare in all possible areas, including the ground forces that would be defending the Soviet Union against invading German panzer tanks, storm troopers, and special forces. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Soviet Armed Forces refers to the armed forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from its establishment during the Russian Civil War in 1918 by the A panzer, pronunced, is a German Tank, especially in the context of World War II. A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance Mobility was especially stressed after the Soviet Union had witnessed the effect of blitzkrieg on Poland. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Blitzkrieg (German for "lightning war" is a popular name for an Offensive operational-level Military doctrine which involves an initial Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland [2]
A meeting was held at the Soviet Defence Ministry determine a model of motorcycle that would be most suitable for the Red Army. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The Red Army wanted to modernize its equipment after the suspension of the Winter War with Finland. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The motorcycles used so far had not worked satisfactorily; their technology was outdated and the manufacturing quality was not adequate to endure the often harsh Russian climate and terrain.
According to official accounts, the BMW R 71 motorcycle was found to most closely match Red Army requirements after lengthy discussion. Five units were covertly purchased through some Swedish intermediaries. Soviet engineers in Moscow dismantled the 5 BMWs, reverse-engineering the BMW design in every detail and making molds and dies to produce their own engines and gearboxes in Moscow. Reverse engineering (RE is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device object or system through analysis of its structure function and operation Early in 1941 the first trial samples of M-72 motorcycles were shown to Stalin who made the decision to enter mass production. (One of the original BMWs purchased through the Swedish intermediaries still survives and is on display in the IMZ-Ural factory museum. )[3]
In 1941, BMW began series production of the R 75 and ended production of the R7 1.
As production escalated, a factory was set up in Moscow producing hundreds of Russian M-72 sidecar motorcycles. The Nazi Blitzkrieg was so fast and effective that Soviet strategists worried that the Moscow factory was within easy range of German bombers. The decision was made to move the motorcycle plant further east, out of bombing range and into the middle of the resource rich Ural mountain region. Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye The site chosen was the town of Irbit, located on the fringe of vast Siberia in the Ural mountains. Irbit (Ирби́т is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located about 203 km from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 km by Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Irbit had once been an important Trade and Fair centre in Russia before the Revolution of 1917. The Irbit fair ( Russian: Ирбитская ярмарка irbitskaya yarmarka) was the second largest fair in Imperial Russia after the Makariev See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them
The only available substantial building was a brewery outside of town, beyond the railway line. It was soon converted into a research and development building to prepare for the construction of a massive new production complex to build the M-72 motorcycle. On October 25, 1942 the first batch of motorcycles went to the front. During WWII a total of 9,799 M-72 motorcycles were delivered for reconnaissance detachments and mobile troops.
After WWII the factory was further developed and expanded and in 1950 the 30,000th motorcycle was produced.
Initially, the "URAL" was built for the military only. In the late 1950s, the KMZ plant in the Ukraine took over the task of supplying the military and the Irbit Motorcycle Works (IMZ) began to concentrate on making bikes for domestic consumers. Dnepr (Днепр or Дніпро Dnipro) is the brand name of heavy Motorcycles produced in Kiev, Ukraine. In the late 1950s the full production of the plant was turned over to non-military production. In 1957 the M-72 production lines were sold to the Peoples Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
The export history of URALs started in 1953, at first mainly to developing countries. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Between 1973 and 1979, Dnepr was one of the makes marketed by SATRA in the United Kingdom as Cossack motorcycles. SATRA also stands for the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The term Cossack motorcycle can apply to any number of Motorcycles made in the former Soviet Union, a reference to the semi- Nomadic mounted [4]
Modern-day products
The main products today are the heavy duty URAL sidecar motorcycles designed for rough Russian roads, and the custom Wolf. A sidecar is a one-wheeled device attached to the side of a Motorcycle, producing a three-wheeled vehicle A custom motorcycle is a Motorcycle that is highly stylized or which treats aspects such as frame Geometry or Engine design in an unusual There are many places in Russia where poor (or a lack of) roads make horses and/or URAL motorcycles necessary to transport gear. URAL motorcycles are equipped with four-stroke air-cooled flat-twin engines, a four speed gear box with reverse gear, shaft drive, two disc dry clutch, spring shock absorbers and drum brakes. Some newer solo models have been developed for western markets, and the company has developed an engine that meets the standards required by the sporting and leisure rider of modern times. Though the outward appearance of the engine is the same as before, new quality control techniques employ better alloying and casting, better engineering tolerances, better paint and chrome while retaining the advantage of continuity with the inherently balanced design of a horizontally opposed flat twin engine with roller bearings in a solid frame.
The motorcycles are mainly sold to the internal Russian market. They have also been exported to Australia, Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Greece, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Germany, Egypt, Iran, South African Republic, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, the United States. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The total number of sales since the factory was founded has been over 3. 2 million. IMZ-Ural is the only Russian manufacturer of large capacity motorcycles and one of few manufacturers of sidecar motorcycles in the world. A sidecar is a one-wheeled device attached to the side of a Motorcycle, producing a three-wheeled vehicle
Like most motorcycle manufacturers, Ural now sources pre-made components in many cases — buying alternators from Nippon Denso, brakes from Brembo, handlebar controls from Domino, forks from Paoili, ignition from Ducati Energia, etc. ( is a global Automotive components manufacturer headquartered in the city of Kariya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Brembo is a manufacturer of Automotive Brake systems especially for high-performance cars and Motorcycles It was established in Bergamo Ducati Motor Holding SpA ( Borsa Italiana: DMH is an Italian Motorcycle manufacturer located in Bologna Italy. The company still makes the frame, the engine, the transmission, the body parts and the wheels.
The 2003 USA model featured a newly designed crankshaft and a disc brake in front. The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an Engine which translates reciprocating Linear The crankshaft had a longer stroke which bumped the engine up from 650cc to 750cc, a 15% increase in size. This also replaced weaknesses in the older 5-piece, press-fit crankshaft. The old crank was fine for the low-compression models made through the 90's, but it just did not hold up to the higher compression that it took to pass USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the higher speeds on the modern roads. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
In 2005 the company fixed another weak part, the alternator attachment. alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to Alternating current electrical energy The alternator is gear-driven off of the camshaft. The camshaft is an apparatus often used in Piston engines to operate Poppet valves It consists of a cylindrical rod running the length of the Cylinder bank Adjusting the gear lash is critical for this type of system. In Mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash or play, is clearance between mating components sometimes described as the amount of lost The new design can be retrofitted to old machines and has a new coupling mechanism that allows for better alignment of the alternator shaft to the camshaft. In 2007 it is going to a Ducati electronic ignition and a 4 pot floating disc brake on the road models. The company is selling all it can make and reportedly it has obtained additional financing to increase production. The factory closed down between the beginning of October and the end of November due to sales being lost. (Finding citations to cover this closure and lost sales would be appreciated. )
Corporate information
IMZ-Ural is a conglomerate of companies producing and selling classic motorcycles in both solo and sidecar combinations.
In November 1992, IMZ-Ural transformed into an open-end joint stock company "Uralmoto Joint Stock Company" a privatized entity owned 40% by management and employees through grant, 38% by auction with privatization vouchers (mostly management and employees also) and 22% retained by the government. In July 2000, the company was re-organised with the governments shares being redistributed to investors.
At the beginning of 1998 the business was bought by private Russian interests and it is no longer a State Company. The private owners have mandated new ideas, investments, management, production techniques, designs, technology and quality control of incoming, in-process and finished products.
In 2000, the company was sold to three entrepreneurs and broken into 3 components with the power production facilities, and foundry and forge being sold off. They took that opportunity to reorganize the remaining factory. It was originally spread over many, many acres because it had been such a major manufacturing plant, making thousands of motorcycles per month. Many employees were let go in the ensuing reorganization.
Sources
External links
- Irbit MotorWorks (Russian distributor in Russian)
- Irbit MotorWorks (US Importer)
- Ural motorcycles GmbH (European Importer in English)
- History of the Ural (Ural Australia)
- AutoSoviet: Ural
- Open Directory Project: Ural motocycles
- CossackOwnersClub.co.uk Origins of Just Pre WW II Soviet Motorcycles Pdf
- Ural Wolf
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic