IBM mainframe	Architecture
700/7000 series	varied
System/360
System/370	System/370
	S/370-XA
	ESA/370
System/390	ESA/390
zSeries	z/Architecture
System z9
System z10
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IBM System z, or earlier IBM eServer zSeries, is a brand name designated by IBM to all its mainframe computers. IBM mainframes, though perceived as synonymous with Mainframe computers in general due to their marketshare are now technically and specifically IBM 's line of business In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system The IBM 700/7000 series was a series of large scale ( mainframe) Computer systems made by IBM through The IBM System/360 ( S/360) is a Mainframe computer system family announced by IBM on April 7, 1964. The IBM System/370 (often S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 The IBM System/370 (often S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 The IBM System/370 (often S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 The IBM System/370 (often S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 ESA/390 (Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 was introduced in September 1990 and is IBM 's last 31-bit -address/ 32-bit -data mainframe computing ESA/390 (Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 was introduced in September 1990 and is IBM 's last 31-bit -address/ 32-bit -data mainframe computing z/Architecture, initially called ESA Modal Extensions ( ESAME) refers to IBM 's 64-bit computing architecture for a current generation IBM System z9 is a line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on July 25 2005 and the first models IBM System z10 is the latest line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on February 26 2008 and represents the first model powered by the z10 quad core International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron) are Computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications typically bulk data

In 2000, IBM rebranded the existing System/390 to IBM eServer zSeries with the e depicted in IBM's red trademarked symbol. ESA/390 (Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 was introduced in September 1990 and is IBM 's last 31-bit -address/ 32-bit -data mainframe computing But because no specific machine names were changed for System/390, the zSeries in common use refers only to one generation of mainframes, starting with z900.

Since April 2006, with another generation of products, the official designation has changed to IBM System z, which now includes both^[1] older IBM eServer zSeries, the IBM System z9 models, and the newer IBM System z10 models. IBM System z9 is a line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on July 25 2005 and the first models IBM System z10 is the latest line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on February 26 2008 and represents the first model powered by the z10 quad core

The zSeries line succeeded the System/390 line (S/390 for short), maintaining full backward compatibility. In Technology, especially Computing (irrespective of platform a product is said to be backward compatible when it is able to take the place of an older product In effect, zSeries machines are the direct, lineal descendants of System/360, announced in 1964, and the System/370 from 1970s. The IBM System/360 ( S/360) is a Mainframe computer system family announced by IBM on April 7, 1964. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The IBM System/370 (often S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 Applications written for these systems can still run, unmodified, with only few exceptions, on the newest System z over four decades later.

Contents 1 Features 2 Models (chronological order) 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Features

The z900 was a powerful machine, compared to its predecessors, a machine which introduced 64-bit computing into the mainframe world using the newly-designed z/Architecture. '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. z/Architecture, initially called ESA Modal Extensions ( ESAME) refers to IBM 's 64-bit computing architecture for a current generation The new servers provided more than twice the performance of previous models. In its 64-bit mode the new CPU became free from the 31-bit addressing limits of its predecessors. Perhaps the only computing architecture based on 31-bit addressing is one of computing's most famous and most profitable

Major features of the eServer zSeries family:

• Based on z/Architecture (64-bit real and virtual addresses), as opposed to earlier ESA/390 (31-bit) used in S/390 systems
  • ESA/390 applications are fully compatible with z/Architecture
• Offers up to 32 central processors (CPs) per frame (rack)
• Frames can be coupled in up to a 32-frame Sysplex, with each frame physically separated up to 100 kilometers
• Supports the z/OS, Linux on zSeries, z/VM, z/VSE, z/TPF, and MUSIC/SP operating systems
• Some models introduced multiple I/O channel subsystems (exceeding the previous 256 channel limit) and zAAPs

In July 2005, IBM announced a new brand name System z9 using it to announce System z9-109 servers. z/Architecture, initially called ESA Modal Extensions ( ESAME) refers to IBM 's 64-bit computing architecture for a current generation '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. ESA/390 (Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 was introduced in September 1990 and is IBM 's last 31-bit -address/ 32-bit -data mainframe computing In IBM Mainframe computers a Systems Complex, commonly called a Sysplex, is one or more (up to 32 LPARs System/390 processors joined into a z/OS is a 64-bit Operating system for Mainframe computers, created by IBM. Linux on System z is the collective term for the Linux operating system compiled to run on IBM mainframes especially System z machines CP/CMS|History of CP/CMS VM (often VM/CMS) refers to a family of IBM Virtual machine Operating systems used on IBM System/370 z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extended is an Operating system for IBM mainframe computers the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965 TPF is an IBM Real-time operating system for mainframes descended from the IBM System/360 family including ZSeries and System MUSIC/SP (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing / System Product originally "McGill University System for Interactive Computing" was developed at McGill University An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination The IBM System z Application Assist Processor ( zAAP) previously known as the ZSeries Application Assist Processor is a mainframe processor IBM System z9 is a line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on July 25 2005 and the first models

The System z9 servers add on top of that:

• Up to 54 central processors (CPs) per frame
• zIIP engines. In IBM System z9 Mainframes z9 Integrated Information Processor ( zIIP) is a special purpose Processor, the main purpose of which is
• MIDAW
• Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptography implemented in hardware

The System z9-109 Model S54, with up to 54 processing units (PUs), is reportedly capable of performing approximately 18,660,000,000 core instructions per second. Modified Indirect Data Address Words ( MIDAWs) are a new channel programming capability of the IBM System z9 processor In Cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES) also known as Rijndael, is a Block cipher adopted as an Encryption A single S54 can typically process one billion or more business transactions per day—double the throughput of its predecessor. The 54 PUs can be configured, or "characterized", for a variety of purposes including general purpose processing (CPs), zAAPs, zIIPs, IFLs, and ICFs. The IBM System z Application Assist Processor ( zAAP) previously known as the ZSeries Application Assist Processor is a mainframe processor In IBM System z9 Mainframes z9 Integrated Information Processor ( zIIP) is a special purpose Processor, the main purpose of which is The Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL is an IBM mainframe processor dedicated to running the Linux operating system with or without z/VM.

The IBM System z10 servers have many similarities to z9 servers but support more memory and can have up to 64 central processors (CPs) per frame. IBM System z10 is the latest line of IBM mainframes. It was announced on February 26 2008 and represents the first model powered by the z10 quad core The full speed z10 processors are considerably faster than those of the z9 servers.

A direct comparison of zSeries servers with other computing platforms is difficult. For example, zSeries servers offload such functions as I/O processing, cryptography, memory control, and various service functions (such as accounting and logging) to dedicated processors. These "extra" processors are in addition to the (up to) 54 main CPs per frame. The zSeries servers also effectively execute every instruction twice in order to assure processing integrity. If the instruction results differ, the zSeries server retries the instruction. If the instruction still fails, the zSeries/z9 server will shut down the failing processor and shift workload, "in flight," to any surviving processors, including one or more spares. The IBM mainframe then "calls home" (automatically places a service call to IBM), and an IBM service technician soon arrives with a replacement part (possibly even a new processor book, consisting of a group of processors). With System z9 servers, the technician installs the new book and removes the old one without interruption to running applications. (Note that IBM mainframe processors have a reported 40 year MTBF. Mean time between failures (MTBF is the Mean (average time between Failures of a system and is often considered the "useful life" of the device i ) Similar design redundancies exist in memory, I/O, power, cooling, and other subsystems. All these features exist at the hardware and microcode level, without special application programming. Microprogramming (ie writing microcode) is a method that can be employed to implement Machine instructions in a CPU relatively easily often using less The same concepts extend to coupled frames separated by up to 100 kilometers in a Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex. Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex ( GDPS) is a family of Business continuity and Disaster recovery solutions based on IBM Mainframe

zSeries servers are used by IBM customers for business-critical installations in medium and large organizations which need very high availability, where scheduled and unscheduled downtime costs are high, and at traditional mainframe shops such as banks and insurance companies which already have mainframe applications at the center of their business processes. High availability is a System design protocol and associated implementation that ensures a certain absolute degree of operational continuity during a given measurement period For such organizations which have to consider a very high price for system failures and service outages, zSeries machines provide a lower total cost of ownership than other platforms, especially when running a variety of business-critical applications concurrently (so-called mixed workload). Total cost of ownership (TCO is a financial estimate designed to help consumers and enterprise managers assess direct and indirect costs Overall, mainframes like the zSeries are mostly used in government, financial services, retail, and manufacturing industries.

Models (chronological order)

The older S/390 IBM mainframe servers are considered history since support for the last S/390 compatible version of z/OS (1. z/OS is a 64-bit Operating system for Mainframe computers, created by IBM. 5) was dropped on March 31, 2007. ^[2]

zSeries mainframes:

• z900 (2064 series), for larger customers (2000)
• z800 (2066 series), entry-level, less powerful variant of the z900 (2002)
• z990 (2084 series), successor to larger z900 models (2003)
• z890 (2086 series), successor to the z800 and smaller z900 models (2004)

System z9 mainframes:

• z9 Enterprise Class (2094 series), introduced in 2005 initially as z9-109, beginning the new System z9 line
• z9 Business Class (2096 series), successor to the z890 and smallest z990 models (2006)

System z10 mainframe:

• z10 Enterprise Class (2097 series), introduced on February 26, 2008

See also

• List of IBM products
• Linux on zSeries
• zAAP
• zIIP
• Peer to Peer Remote Copy
• Extended Remote Copy
• LPAR
• HiperSocket
• ESCON
• FICON
• Sysplex
  • Parallel Sysplex
  • Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex
• Hercules emulator

References

External links

• IBM: zSeries/z9 Mainframes
• IBM: System z9 109
• IBM: zSeries Timeline
• Z6 microprocessor The follow-on to Z9, by Charles F. Webb of IBM

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