| Hydroxide | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| IUPAC name | hydroxide |
| Systematic name | hydroxide oxidanide hydridooxygenate(1−) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [14280-30-9] |
| PubChem | |
| SMILES | [OH-] |
| InChI | 1/H2O/h1H2/ p-1/fHO/h1h/q-1 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | OH− |
| Molar mass | 17. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier ( InChI, pronounced "INchee" is a textual Identifier for Chemical substances designed to provide a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 00274 (7) g/mol |
| Acidity (pKa) | ~22 |
| Basicity (pKb) | -1. 74 15. 74 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
In chemistry, hydroxide is the most common name for the diatomic anion OH−, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the dissociation of a base. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Diatomic molecules are molecules made only of two Atoms of either the same or different Chemical elements The prefix di- means two in Greek An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny Dissociation in Chemistry and Biochemistry is a general process in which ionic compounds ( complexes, Molecules, or Salts) separate In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and It is one of the simplest diatomic ions known.
Inorganic compounds that contain the hydroxyl group are referred to as hydroxides. Traditionally inorganic compounds are considered to be of mineral not biological origin Hydroxyl in Chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an Oxygen atom and a Hydrogen atom connected by a Covalent bond. Common hydroxides include:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Contents |
Hydroxide as a base
Most compounds containing hydroxide are bases. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Potassium hydroxide is the Inorganic compound with the formula K[[hydroxide OH]] Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula
An Arrhenius base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in aqueous solution. One example would be ammonia, NH3:
NH3(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq)
Thus, hydroxide ions are heavily involved in acid-base reactions as well as the special double displacement reaction called neutralization. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt.
Salts containing hydroxide are called base salts. Strong salts or strong electrolyte salts are chemical salts composed of strong Electrolytes These Ionic compounds dissociate completely in Base salts will dissociate into a cation and one or more hydroxide ions in water, making the solution basic. Base salts will undergo neutralisation reactions with acids. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In general acid-alkali reactions can be simplified to
by omitting spectator ions. In Chemistry, hydronium is the obsolete name for the Cation H 3 O + derived from Protonation of Water Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of A spectator ion is an Ion that exists as a Reactant and a product in a Chemical equation.
Solubility
Most inorganic hydroxide salts are insoluble in water, except for those with cations from Group I, NH4+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ (little) or Tl+. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Trends The alkali metals show a number of trends when moving down the group - for instance decreasing electronegativity increasing reactivity and decreasing melting and boiling Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt. Barium (ˈbɛəriəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and Atomic number 56 Strontium (ˈstrɒntiəm /ˈstrɒnʃiəm/) is a Chemical element with the symbol Sr and the Atomic number 38 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Thallium (ˈθæliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Tl and Atomic number 81
Applications
Hydroxides and hydroxide ions are relatively common. Many useful chemicals and chemical processes involve hydroxides or hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide (lye) is used in industry as a strong base, potassium hydroxide is used in agriculture, and iron hydroxide minerals such as goethite and limonite have been used as low grade brown iron ore. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Potassium hydroxide is the Inorganic compound with the formula K[[hydroxide OH]] Altogether there are sixteen known Iron Oxides and oxyhydroxides Goethite, named after the German Polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, is an iron bearing oxide mineral found in soil and other low temperature environments Limonite is an ore consisting in a mixture of hydrated Iron(III oxide-hydroxide of varying composition Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted The aluminium ore bauxite is composed largely of aluminium hydroxides. WikipediaNaming Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and
Ligand
The hydroxide ion is a kind of ligand. In Chemistry, a ligand is either an Atom, Ion, or Molecule (see also Functional group) that bonds to a central metal generally It donates lone pairs of electrons, behaving as a Lewis base. lone pair is a (valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other Atoms They are found in the outermost Electron shell of an atom so lone pairs Examples of complexes containing such a ligand include the aluminate ion [Al(OH)4]− and aurate ion [Au(OH)4]−.
See also
Notes
In Chemistry, hydronium is the obsolete name for the Cation H 3 O + derived from Protonation of Water An oxide is a Chemical compound containing at least one Oxygen atom as well as at least one other element Hydroxyl in Chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an Oxygen atom and a Hydrogen atom connected by a Covalent bond.Dictionary
hydroxide
-noun
- (chemistry) An univalent anion (OH-1) based on the hydroxyl functional group.
- Any substance containing such an anion.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic