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Hydrocotyle
Hydrocotyle bowlesioides
Hydrocotyle bowlesioides
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Apiales
Family: Araliaceae
Subfamily: Hydrocotyloideae
Genus: Hydrocotyle[1][2][3]
L.

Hydrocotyle sometimes called water pennywort,[4] Indian Pennywort, Marsh Penny, Thick-leaved Pennywort and even White Rot[5] is a genus of prostrate, perennial[6] aquatic or semi-aquatic plants formerly classified in the family Apiaceae, now in the family Araliaceae. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There Araliaceae is a family of Flowering plants also known as the Aralia family (after its Type genus Aralia) or Ivy Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than Aquatic plants &mdash also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes &mdash are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments Araliaceae is a family of Flowering plants also known as the Aralia family (after its Type genus Aralia) or Ivy [3]

Contents

Description

Water pennyworts, Hydrocotyles are very common. They have long creeping stems that often form dense mats, often in and near ponds, lakes, rivers, marshes[4] and some species in coastal areas by the sea. [7][8]

Leaves
Simple, with small leafy outgrowth at the base, kidney shaped to round. Leaf edges are scalloped.
Flowers
Flower clusters are simple and flat-topped or rounded. Involucral bracts Inconspicuous bracts at the base of each flower. Indistinct sepals.
Fruits and reproduction
Elliptical to round with thin ridges and no oil tubes (Vitta) which is characteristic in the fruit of umbelliferous plants. [6]
The prostrate plants reproduce by seed and by sending roots from stem nodes. [9]

Selected species

The Hydrocotyle genus has between 75 and 100 species[10] that grow in tropical and temperate regions worldwide[6] and a few species have made it into the world of cultivated ornamental aquatics. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 [11] A list of selected species:[3][1][2][10][12][13][14]

Distribution

Hydrocotyle grow in wet and damp places in the tropics and the temperate zones. [6]

References

  1. ^ a b Hydrocotyle L. (HTML). African Plants Database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. . Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  2. ^ a b Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Genus Hydrocotyle L. (HTML). The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture,. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  3. ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2006-04-02). Germplasm Resources Information Network or GRIN is an online software project of National Genetic Resources Program of USDA to provide germplasm information Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Genus: Hydrocotyle L. (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. The Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  4. ^ a b University of Florida Herbarium (2005). Hydrocotyle species (HTML). Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Particulars and Photographs. University of Florida, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. The University of Florida ( Florida or UF) is a public land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant major Research Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  5. ^ M. Grieve (1931). Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (Neé Law (also known as Margaret Maude Maud or simply Mrs Hydrocotyle (HTML). A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  6. ^ a b c d Flora of China. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America. Hydrocotyle Linn. (HTML). Family List. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  7. ^ Aluka. Aluka is an online Digital Library focusing on materials about Africa. Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. [family UMBELLIFERAE] (HTML). African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. DOI:10.5555/AL.AP.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-SPECIES.HYDROCOTYLE.BONARIENSIS. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  8. ^ Schardosim, Alecsandro; Klein Vanilde, Citadini-Zanette, Robson dos Santos (September 2007). "Florística e estrutura comunitária de restinga herbácea no município de Araranguá, Santa Catarina" (in Spanish). Biotemas 20 (3): 15-26. ISSN 0103 – 1643.  
  9. ^ Watson, Mark F. . Hydrocotyle L (HTML). Flora of Bhutan. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  10. ^ a b Flora of China. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America. 1. Hydrocotyle Linnaeus (HTML). Family List. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  11. ^ Pennywort, Genus Hydrocotyle (HTML). The Aquarium Gardener Series. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  12. ^ Taiwan Plant Names. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America. Hydrocotyle Linn. (HTML). Family List. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  13. ^ Madagascar Catalog. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America. Hydrocotyle L. (HTML). Genus Page. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
  14. ^ hydrocotyle (HTML). New Zealand Weeds. Massey University: Institute of Natural Resources. Massey University (Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa is New Zealand 's largest university with almost 40000 students Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.

External links

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