Hyderabad State - Citizendia

Hyderābād and Berar pronunciation (help·info) (Telugu: హైదరాబాదు Urdu: حیدر آباد) under the Nizams, was the largest princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was Qamar ad-Din Chin Qilij Khan (Qamar Uddin Siddiqi Asaf Jah I ( 20 August 1671 - 1 June 1748) was the founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty Asaf Jah VII (Osman Ali Khan Bahadur born April 6, 1886 &ndash died February 24, 1967) was the last Nizam (or ruler of the The 1948 Invasion of Hyderabad also termed as “Hyderabad Police Action” and code-named “Operation Polo” by the Indian military was the Indian armed forces action that ended the rule Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Berar region of present day Vidarbha in Maharashtra was merged with the Central Provinces in 1903, to form Central Provinces and Berar. Vidarbha (Marathi विदर्भ is the eastern region of Maharashtra state made up of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. The Central Provinces and Berar was a province of British India.

Hyderabad state was located in south-central Indian subcontinent from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was During partition of India in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad declared his intentions of not joining either newly formed India or Pakistan. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Sensing trouble, India launched Operation Polo which resulted in the absorption of Hyderabad into the Indian Union, in 1948. The 1948 Invasion of Hyderabad also termed as “Hyderabad Police Action” and code-named “Operation Polo” by the Indian military was the Indian armed forces action that ended the rule

1 History
2 During the British Raj
3 After the British Raj (1947-48)
4 Hyderabad Today
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

History

Main Article: History of Hyderabad

Hyderabad and Berar, 1903

Hyderabad was founded by the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting The Qutb Shahi dynasty ( Urdu: سلطنت قطب شاهی) (whose members were also called the Qutub Shahis) was the ruling family of the kingdom In 1686 the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb campaigned in the Deccan to overcome the Marathas and conquer the independent Deccan states. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day Before the campaign, the Mughals had controlled the northwestern Deccan, including Khandesh and Berar, but Mughal control ended at the Godavari River. Khandesh (Marathi खानदेश is a region of central India, which forms the northwestern portion of Maharashtra state This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी Aurangzeb conquered Golconda and Bijapur in 1687, extending Mughal control south of the Krishna River. This article is about an Indian river For other meanings of this river names see Krishna (disambiguation and Krishnaveni.

The Mughal Empire began to weaken during the reign of Aurangzeb's grandson, Muhammad Shah. Muhammad Shah ( محمد شاه) (1748 &ndash 1702 also known as Roshan Akhtar was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748 A Mughal official, Asif Jah, treacherously defeated a rival Mughal governor to seize control of the empire's southern provinces, declaring himself Nizam-al-Mulk of Hyderabad in 1724. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Mughal emperor, under renewed attack from the Marathas, was unable to prevent it.

The Nizams patronized Islamic art, culture and literature and had a railway system called The Nizam's Government State Railways. Sharia-The Islamic Religious Law Code, was the guidng principle of the Nizams' official machinery. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

During the British Raj

The seniormost (21-gun) princely state in British India, Hyderabad was an 82,000 square mile (212,000 km²) region in the Deccan ruled by the Asif Jahi dynasty, who had the title of Nizam and was bestowed the title of His Exalted Highness by the British Empire. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Nizam had a penchant for setting up institutions in the name of the dynasty. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was He set up schools, colleges, madrasas (Islamic Seminaries) and a University that imparted education in Urdu. Inspired by the elite and prestigious ICS (Indian Civil Service), he started HCS (Hyderabad Civil Service). The pace with which he amassed wealth made him to be the world's richest men in the 1930s, (Time cover story Feb. 22, 1937). Carrying a gift, called Nazrana in the local dialect, in accordance with one's net worth while meeting Nizam was a de facto necessity.

After the British Raj (1947-48)

When India gained independence in 1947, the British, left the choice of independence or unification up to the local rulers of the princely states. The Muslim ruler of Hyderbad, the last Nizam, wished to remain independent. First he tried to declare Hyderabad as a part of Pakistan but the British government did not allow this. Later in the same year, he announced his intention to become independent.

Qasim Razvi's armed militias known as Razakars had moral support of Pakistan and the Nizam thought that he could rule with the help of this militia. The Razakars troubled the Hindus in every conceivable way.

Some people of the Hyderabad state rebelled against the Nizam. The Communist Party of India succeeded in organizing some peasants. The Telangana peasant armed struggle was successful in driving out local Muslim landlords called Zamindars, and distributing their land to the landless. Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Zamindar ( Devanagari: ज़मींदार zamīndār, Urdu: زمیندار zamīndār, Eastern Nagari: জমিদার Nizam sought the help of Razakars, a local Muslim rogue militia, to suppress the rebellion. Qasim Rizvi, also known as Kasin Razvi, the ring-leader of Razakaars, had also stated at one point of time that he "aims to hoist the Islamic flag on Delhi's Red Fort. " In 1947-48, Rizvi unleashed his forces in support of the Nizam’s claims to independence and thousands — both Hindus and Muslims opposed to Osman Ali Khan — were killed before the Indian Army swept into the State in September 1948.

The 'Police Action' (officially Operation Polo) by Indian forces neutralized the Razakars, paving the way for absorption of Hyderabad into India. The 1948 Invasion of Hyderabad also termed as “Hyderabad Police Action” and code-named “Operation Polo” by the Indian military was the Indian armed forces action that ended the rule

There was widespread violence against the Muslims as an aftermath of the Police Action and Nehru had a committee investigate the pogrom against Muslims, but the resulting Sundarlal Report was never made public. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party

Hyderabad Today

In 1956 during the Reorganisation of the Indian States, the state of Hyderabad was split up between Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India The last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, died in 1967.

Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. Aurangabad division included Aurangabad, Beed, Nanded, and Parbhani districts; Gulbargah (Gulbargah) division included Bidar District, Gulbarga, Osmanabad District, and Raichur District; Gulshanabad District or Medak division included Atraf-i-Baldah, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda (Nalgundah), and Nizamabad districts, and Warangal division included Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Warangal districts. For other uses see Aurangabad Aurangabad District is a District in Maharashtra, India. Beed (बीड Beed, बीड Beed, بیڑ Bīr) is a town and administrative headquarters of the district of same name located in central Maharashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nanded (नांदेड is the second largest city in Marathwada region of Maharashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Parbhani is a city and a Municipal council in Parbhani district in the Indian Kalburgi (formerly Gulbarga; Kannada:ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bidar (ಬೀದರ್ is a district of Karnataka state in southern India. Raichur District ( Kannada:ರಾಯಚೂರ್ is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahbubnagar or Mehboobnagar محبوب نگر is a city in Mahbubnagar district in For the district information see Medak district. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Medak ( Telugu: మెదక WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nalgonda is a town and a Municipality in Nalgonda district Nizamabad may refer to Nizamabad Andhra Pradesh Nizamabad Uttar Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details -->See Adilabad district for information related to the district WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karimnagar ( Telugu: కరీంనగర్ is a city and a Municipal Corporation in

Hyderabad state in 1909

Telugu, Hindi, Hindustani, (essentially Hindi but with an Urdu flavour), Marathi and Kannada are the important languages spoken in Hyderabad and Andhra Pradesh today. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Hindustani (हिन्दुस्तानी ہندوستانی Hindustānī, hɪn̪d̪ʊst̪aːniː also known as " Hindi-Urdu," is a term covering Biryani, a spicy dish made of rice and meat, is among the remnants of the Nizami cuisine.

The political party MIM (Majlis-Ittehadul-Muslimeen, with Qasim Rizvi as one of the founders, is considered by many as the de-facto successor of the Razakaars. The Owaisi family presently leads MIM.

References

Zubrzycki, John. (2006) The Last Nizam: An Indian Prince in the Australian Outback. Pan Macmillan, Australia. ISBN 978-0-3304-2321-2.

(1911)

External links

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