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Commune of Hyères |
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| Location | |
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| Administration | |
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| Country | France |
| Region | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |
| Department | Var |
| Arrondissement | Toulon |
| Canton | Chief town of 2 cantons Hyères-Est et Hyères-Ouest + Canton de la Crau |
| Intercommunality | Communauté d'agglomération Toulon Provence Méditerranée |
| Mayor | interim (-) |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 0 m–325 m |
| Land area¹ | 132,28 km² |
| Population² (1999) |
52 500 |
| - Density | 397/km² (1999) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 83069/ 83400 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division The Var is a French department in Provence in southeast France The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Toulon is an arrondissement of France located in the Var department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. The Agglomeration community of Toulon Provence Mediterranean ( French: Communauté d'agglomération Toulon Provence Méditerranée) is the intercommunal A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open | |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E | |
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Hyères (Provençal Occitan: Ieras in classical norm or Iero in Mistralian norm) is a town and commune in the southeast of France, in the Var département, located 15 km (10 m) east of Toulon. Provençal ( Provençau) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people mostly in Provence (in southern France Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Var is a French department in Provence in southeast France In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Toulon ( Provençal Occitan: Tolon in classical norm or Touloun in Mistralian norm is a city in southern France and a large According to the town's official website, at the 1999 census it had a population of 53,258 inhabitants. INSEE ( French: I nstitut N ational de la S tatistique et des É tudes É conomiques; inse (not) in French is the The old town lies 4 km from the sea clustered around the Castle of Saint Bernard, which is set on a hill. Between the old town and the sea lies the pine-covered hill of Costebelle, which overlooks the peninsula of Giens. Hyères is the most southerly Mediterranean seaside resort in mainland France.
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History
The Hellenic city of Olbia[1] was refounded on the Phoenician settlement that dated to the fourth century BC; Olbia is mentioned by the geographer Strabo (IV.1.5) as a city of the Massiliotes that was fortified "against the tribe of the Salyes and against those Ligures who live in the Alps. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Salyes (Gr Σάλυες also sallyes, salyi, salluvii) in ancient Geography, a people occupying the plain South of the Druentia ( Durance The Ligures (singular Ligus or Ligur; English: Ligurians, Greek:) were an ancient people who gave their name to Liguria " Greek and Roman antiquities have been found in the area. The first reference to the town dates from 964. 964 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Asia Nicephorus II begins a campaign to recapture [2]
Originally a possession of the Viscount of Marseilles, it was later transferred to Charles of Anjou. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Louis IX King of France (often known as "St Louis") landed at Hyères in 1254 when returning from the Crusades. [2]
World War II
As part of Operation Dragoon on 15 August 1944, the joint US/Canadian First Special Service Force came ashore off the coast of Hyères to take the islands of Port-Cros and Levant. Operation Dragoon was the Allied invasion of southern France, on 15 August, 1944, as part of World War II. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Properly designated as the 1st Special Service Force, The Devil's Brigade was a joint World War II American - Canadian See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the The small German garrisons offered little resistance and the whole eastern part of Port-Cros had been secured by 06. 30 am. All fighting was over on Levant by the evening but on Port-Cros, the Germans withdrew into old thick-walled forts. It was only when naval guns were brought to bear that they realised that further resistance was useless. [3] An intense naval barrage on 18 August 1944 heralded the next phase of the operation – the assault on the largest of the Hyères islands, Porquerolles. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. French forces - naval units and colonial formations, including Senegalese infantry, became involved on 22 August and subsequently occupied the island. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. US/Canadian Special forces landing at the eastern end of Porquerolles took large numbers of prisoners – the Germans preferring not to surrender to the Senegalese. [4]
Geography
Its position facing the Mediterranean to the south makes it a popular location for tourism in the winter, and facilitates the cultivation of palm trees; about 100,000 trees are exported from the area each year. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering As a result, the town is frequently referred to as Hyères Les Palmiers (Palmiers = palm trees).
The three islands of the Îles d'Hyères (namely Porquerolles, Port-Cros and the Île du Levant) are located just offshore. The Îles d'Hyères (or Îles d'Or) is a group of three islands off Hyères in the Var département, in the south-east of France Île du Levant, sometimes referred to as Le Levant, is a Mediterranean French island off the coast of the Riviera, near Toulon.
The commune has a land area of 132. 38 km² (51. 112 sq mi).
The British presence in Hyères
Lord Albermarle, The British ambassador, stayed in Hyères during the winter 1767-1768, but it was most certainly the two visits of the Prince of Wales during the winters of 1788 and 1789 which made Hyères popular with the British. Earl of Albemarle is a title created several times The word Albemarle (or Albermarle is an early variant of the French Aumale (Latin Alba Marla, or English White The English agronomist Arthur Young visited Hyères on the advice of Lady Craven on 10 September 1789. Elizabeth Craven ( née Lady Elizabeth Berkeley) ( 17 December 1750 - 13 January 1828) Princess Berkeley (though He mentioned the many British living there in his book Travels in France. [2] The London born and Eton educated Anglo-Grison Charles de Salis died in Hyères in July 1781 aged 45, and was buried in the Convent des Cordeliers. Charles de Salis, was born 25 July 1736 in the Parish of St James Westminster and died sine prole Hieres Provence July 1781
In 1791, Charlotte Turner Smith published her novel Celestina, which is set in Hyères. Charlotte Turner Smith (4 May 1749 - 28 October 1806 was an English Poet and Novelist whose works have been credited with influencing Jane Austen [2] but during the period of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the British returned home, but they returned after 1815. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Joseph Conrad, who lived for a while in Hyères, wrote his novel, The Rover, which is set in Hyères during those years. Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924 was a Polish-born English novelist
William FitzRoy, 6th Duke of Grafton spent the winter and spring each year at Hyères because he and his wife suffered from ill health. William Henry Fitzroy 6th Duke of Grafton ( August 5 1819 &ndash May 21 1882) was the son of Henry FitzRoy 5th Duke of Grafton and An Edwin Lee M. D. published in 1857 a book on the virtues of the climate of Hyères for the recovery of pulmonary consumption [5] and in November 1880 Alphonse Smith first published The Garden of Hyères . [6]
In 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson came to Hyères and for about two years lived first at the Grand Hotel (the building still stands in the Avenue des Iles d'Or), and then in a chalet called Solitude in the present rue Victor-Basch. Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in [2] He wrote then: "That spot our garden and our view are sub-celestial. I sing daily with Bunian, that great bard. I dwell next door to Heaven!". In later years he wrote from his retreat in Valima: "Happy (said I); I was only happy once; that was at Hyères. "
In 1884, Elisabeth Douglas , daughter of Alfred, Lord Douglas, had a small "cottage" as she called it built on the Costebelle hill by the architect Thomas Donaldson who used to spend his winters in Hyères during those years. Thomas Leverton Donaldson (1795 - 1885 was a British architect particularly of churches
The British presence culminated in the winter of 1892 (21 March - 25 April) when Queen Victoria came for a stay of three weeks [7] at The Albion Hotel. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland At that time, the British influence was so strong that shop signs were in both French and English. There was an English butcher, a chemist, two banks and two golf courses. There were also two English churches (plus one at the Grand Hôtel in Costebelle) whose buildings still exist: All Saint's Church at Costebelle and Saint Paul's English Church, Avenue Beauregard.
Some signs of this English presence have vanished like the small dell in the cemetery where once stood some hundred graves, some of which bore testimony to the aristocratic nature of the community such as that of Lord Arthur Somerset or Richard John Meade. Major The Lord Henry Arthur George Somerset, DL (17 November 1851 &ndash 26 May 1926 Hyères) was the third son of the 8th Duke of Beaufort General Sir Richard John Meade, KCSI, CIE ( 25 September 1821 - 20 March[[ 894]] was born at Innishannon County Cork to Captain Other vestiges remain, like the fountain near the new public library in a square shaded by plane tree. The inscription reads: "In loving memory of Marianne Stewart who died on 18 August 1900. She laboured many years in the cause of mercy to animals. Her last wish was that a drinking fountain should be set up for them in Hyères".
Many wounded British soldiers were sent to the town to convalesce during World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
The American novelist Edith Wharton wintered in Hyères annually from 1919 until her death in 1937. Edith Wharton ( January 24 1862 &ndash August 11 1937) was an American Novelist, Short story Writer The garden of her house Le castel Sainte-Claire is open to the public. The castel previously belonged to Olivier Voutier, a French naval officer, whose grave is in the garden. It was Voutier who discovered the Venus de Milo in 1820 on the Aegean island of Milos. The Aphrodite of Milos (Greek "Αφροδίτη της Μήλου" better known as the Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue [2]
Communications
Airport The airport, which is known officially as the Toulon-Hyères International Airport, is situated 4 km to the southeast of the town centre, on a sandy plane close to the seashore. The area was first used by private aircraft at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1920, after the marsh had been drained, French naval aircraft used the field, and in 1925 it became an official base of the French Fleet Air Arm. It has been a commercial airport since 1966, but the navy maintains a presence within the perimeter. [8] There are currently (2007) scheduled flights to and from Brest, Bordeaux, Brussels, London, Lorient, Paris, Rome, Rotterdam and Stockholm. [9]
Miscellaneous
Hyères was the birthplace of Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742), churchman and preacher. For the city in Ohio US see Massillon Ohio. Jean Baptiste Massillon ( June 24, 1663 - September 28, Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
Hyères is twinned with Rottweil, Germany and with Koekelberg, Belgium. Rottweil is the oldest Town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Koekelberg is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
Hyères is home to the Hyères International Fashion and Photography Festival, a huge fashion and art photography event which has taken place annually at the end of April since 1985.
This festival was among the first to recognize the talents of Viktor & Rolf. Viktor & Rolf is an Amsterdam -based Fashion brand The company was founded in 1993 by designers Viktor Horsting (born 1969 and Rolf Snoeren
See also
Notes
- ^ For other Greek cities bearing this name, see Olbia. The Villa Noailles is an early modernist house built by architect Robert Mallet-Stevens for art patrons Arthur Anne Marie Charles Vicomte de Noailles and his wife Costebelle is a quarter of the town of Hyères in the southeast of France, in the Var département. The Stade Perruc is a multi-use Stadium in Hyères, France. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of The Stade Gaby Robert is a multi-use Stadium in Costebelle, Hyères, France. Olbia ( Sardinian: Terranoa, Gallurese: Tarranoa) is a town of approximately 51000 inhabitants in northeastern
- ^ a b c d e f Hyères les palmiers – plus de 2000 ans d’histoire, 45330 Malesherbes: Image et Mémoire de Hyères et Centre de Culture et de la Documentation provençales, 1993, ISBN 2-9507432-0-X
- ^ Pallud, Jean-Paul (2000). "The Riviera Landings". After the Battle (Number 110). Battle of Britain Prints International.
- ^ Borel, Vincent (1998), Hyères et sa région dans la guerre de 1939 - 1945, Editions Champflour, ISBN 2-87655-038-5
- ^ Notices sur Hyères et Cannes. Edwin Lee, M. D. 1857
- ^ The Garden of Hyères - A Description of the Most Southern Port on the French Riviera, Carnarvon: Published by the author, 1880, <http://www.booksandcollectibles.com.au/bsearch.php3?bsearch_submit=Search&auth=Smith%2C+Adolphe.&title=THE+GARDEN+OF+HYERES. >
- ^ London Illustrated News 19 March 1892
- ^ BAN Hyères, <http://frenchnavy.free.fr/naval_stations/hyeres/hyeres_fr.htm>. Retrieved on 2007-08-14
- ^ CCIV Toulon airport, <http://www.var.cci.fr/aeroport/tousvols2.asp?idrub=502>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Retrieved on 2007-08-14
External links
- Free download of The Garden of Hyères on the site of the National French Library
- English version of official town website
- Official website (in French)
- VillaNoailles- the site of Villa Noailles, an avant-garde villa turned cultural center, home of the Hyères Fashion and Photography Festival, Design Parade and other events. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
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