Hwandan Gogi (환단고기, 桓檀古記), also called Handan Gogi, is a compilation of texts on ancient Korean history. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. It is a bound volume of four historical records: Samseonggi, Dangun Segi, Bukbuyeogi and Taebaek Ilsa.
According to its introduction, it was compiled in 1911 by Uncho Gye Yeon-su (운초 계연수, 雲樵 桂延壽; ? ~ 1920) and supervised by Yi Gi (이기,李沂; 1848 ~ 1909). However, the only currently known copy is Yi Yu-rip's transcription restored and published in 1979.
Contents |
Contents
The four books comprising the Hwandan Gogi are:
- Samseonggi (two volumes), describing ancient kingdoms called Hwan-guk that lasted for 3301 years, and Hwanung's 1565-year rule of Baedalguk. The hypothetical state of Hwanguk (환국 桓國 is the first mythical state of Korea described in Hwandan Gogi. Hwanung (환웅 桓雄 or Supreme Divine Regent is an important figure in the mythological origins of Korea.
- Dangun Segi, chronicling the history of Gojoseon with 47 generations of Dangun rulers. Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom around present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean
- Bukbuyeogi, describing the six kings of Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo). Buyeo, Puyŏ, or Fuyu was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd
- Taebaek Ilsa, describing the histories of Hwan-guk, Baedalguk, Samjoseon, Goguryeo, Balhae, and Goryeo; also includes the text of Cheonbu-gyeong. The hypothetical state of Hwanguk (환국 桓國 is the first mythical state of Korea described in Hwandan Gogi. The Three Gojoseon kingdoms are states noted in history texts such as Joseon Sangosa (1924-25 and has been researched by several historians,,,, although not widely accepted Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Alternate meaning Bohai Sea Balhae (698 - 926 ( Bohai in Chinese, Пархэ in Russian) was an The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon.
Dispute regarding authenticity
Criticism
Most historians in South Korea, North Korea and Japan generally consider the Hwandangogi to have been created in recent times, because of the following reasons:
- There are words from modern language. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. (for example, '男女平權; the equality of man and woman', '父權; paternal rights')
- The route through which Hwandangogi was first published is not clear.
- Yi Gi could not have supervised the Hwandangogi which first compiled in 1911, because he died then [1].
- The contents of Cheonbu Gyeong could not be included in Taebaek Ilsa before 1911 because the Cheonbu Gyeong was first discovered and known to the Daejonggyo in 1916 by Gae Yeonsu, the person who compiled Hwandan Gogi.
- The 1911 edition has not been found. There is no proof that the book was kept by Yi Yurip and lost in 1975, and then restored by Yi Yurip before 1979.
- The contents in Hwandan Gogi are not realistic.
- The population of Gojoseon 4,000 years ago is said to be 180 million.
- The nation is said to span several thousand kilometers in about 8000 BCE.
Support
Some historians view the Hwandan gogi as worthy of further scholarly scrutiny, believing that it is at least partly based on historically valuable, ancient (if not literally accurate) texts.
- The record that five stars were arranged in straight line at 1733 BCE (오성취루, 五星聚婁). This astronomical record in Hwandan Gogi is proved by Professor Park Changbeom, and it is published in the journal[2]. They show that the five stars was arranged in straight line at 1734 BCE with the assumption that Gojoseon was established at 2333BCE. Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people.
- Professor(Major field: Law) Junhwan Go asserts several reasons why the Hwandan Gogi is considerable. [3][4][5]
- The territory of Gojoseon explained by Hwandan Gogi accords with the distribution area of the mandolin-shaped dagger of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. The Liaoning bronze dagger culture is an archeological complex of the late Bronze Age in Northeast Asia Moreover, this territory advocated by Yoon et al. [6] and Yi Byeongdo[7] coincide with the territory explained by Hwandan Gogi. Yi Byeongdo (1896 - 1989 was an influential Korean historian He is often associated with the Japanese colonial view of Korean history
See also
References
- ^ 엠파스 한국학 지식 - 한국의 인물 - 이 기(李沂)[1]
- ^ 박창범, 라대일, "단군조선시대 천문현상기록의 과학적 검증(Scientific proof of astronomical record in Gojoseon), 한국상고사학보, vol 14[2]
- ^ Hwandan Gogi explains why the Mausoleum of Dangun is located at in Kangdong near Pyongyang, North Korea - 고준환, "단군신화설은 식민사학자들의 왜곡.농간", (경기대 법학과 교수), 개천절에 되새겨 보는 '실증적' 단군조선사, 오마이뉴스, 2003-10-03 13:15 조인성(경희대 사학과 교수). A false document is a form of Verisimilitude that attempts to create a sense of authenticity beyond the normal and expected Suspension of disbelief for a Work The Gyuwon Sahwa (규원사화 is a text which describes ancient Korean history including the creation of the universe and is considered to be written in 1675 or before Mausoleum of Dangun is ancient burial site in Kangdong near Pyongyang, North Korea. Gangdong-myeon is a small village in the North Gyeongsang Province of Korea Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, It states that the fifth Dangun Gueul died while travelling the south area of Gojoseon, and then he has been buried at Daebaksan. Emperor Gueul ( Hangul:구을 Hanja:丘乙 is accounted in historical record Hwandan Gogi to be the fifth Emperor of Gojoseon of Korea The Daebaksan is located at current Pyongyang.
- ^ Hwandan Gogi explains that the era name of Mun wang of Balhae was Daeheung(대흥, 大興) before the era name of Mun wang was discovered in the tombstone of princess Jeonghyo (정효공주묘비, 貞孝公主墓碑) in 1980 - Retrieved from Empas Korean Information[3] 엠파스 한국학 지식
- ^ Hwandan Gogi states that era name of Jangsu Taewang of Goguryeo was Geonheung (건흥, 建興). Dae Heummu (r 737-793 was the personal name of Emperor Mun, the third and longest-reigning ruler of the kingdom of Balhae, the successor state to Goguryeo Alternate meaning Bohai Sea Balhae (698 - 926 ( Bohai in Chinese, Пархэ in Russian) was an King Jangsu of Goguryeo (394 - 491 r 413 - 491 was the 20th Monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and This era name is used in a Buddhist statue in Chungju of Chungbuk. Chungju is a city in North Chungcheong province South Korea. Namsan is a mountain located in the city Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong is a province in the centre of South Korea. Before Hwandangogi was published, the statue was considered to be from Baekje - 고준환, 신명나는 한국사, 인간과자연사 (2005) ISBN : 89-87944-43-3
- ^ 윤내현, 박선희, 하문식, 고조선의 강역을 밝힌다 (The Territory of Gojoseon) (2006) ISBN : 89-423-1089-3
- ^ 이병도, 최태영, 한국상고사 입문(Introduction to the Ancient Korean History) (1989)
- 계연수(이유립 복원본), 환단고기, 한뿌리 출판사, 2005
- 『환단고기(桓檀古記)』에 대한 새로운 이해』, Land Portal
- 정영훈(The Academy of Korean Studies 한국학중앙연구원), '환단고기' 토대로 상고사 연구 보류해야 - 검증안 된 내용 왜곡 우려, The Cheju National University Press 제주대 신문, 2004-03-31
- 김정배, 한국사 권4 - 초기국가 – 고조선. 부여. 삼한, National Institute of Korean History 국사편찬위원회, 1997. pp. 53
- 안창범(제주대 명예교수), [4] 桓檀古記 僞書論 批判, 한국종교사연구 통권 제10호 (2002. 2)
- 이도학(한양대 강사), 桓檀古記, 민족지성 9('86. 11), 民族知性社
- 조인성, 韓末 檀君關係史書의 再檢討 :《神檀實記》·《檀奇古史》·《桓檀古記》를 中心으로, 국사관논총 제3집, National Institute of Korean History 국사편찬위원회, 1969. 10
- 한영우(서울대 국사학과 교수) 외, 행촌 이암의 생애와 사상, 일지사, 2002
- 이상시(변호사), 檀君實史에 관한 文獻考證, 고려원, 1990
- 송호수(Baylor Univ. a professor emeritus), 韓民族의 뿌리思想, 가나출판사, 1985
- 金庠基, 李海鶴의 生涯와 思想에 대하여, 李瑄根華甲紀念論叢, 1965
- 전병훈, 정신철학 통편(精神哲學 通編), 1919
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