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Sayyid Hussein bin Ali
Sharif and Emir of Mecca, King of Hejaz
Reign Sharif and Emir of Mecca 1908 – 1917
King of Hejaz 1917 - 1924
Born 1854
Birthplace Istanbul
Died 4 June 1931
Place of death Amman
Buried Royal Mausoleum, Adhamiyah
Predecessor Ottoman Empire
Successor Ali bin Hussein
Consort Abdliya bin Abdullah
Madiha
Adila Khanmun
Issue King Ali of Hejaz
King Abdullah I of Jordan
Princess Fatima
King Faisal I of Iraq and Syria
Princess Saleha
Princess Sarra
Prince Zeid
Dynasty Al Hashimi Dynasty
Father Ghazi I
Mother Aliya bint Nasser

Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, GCB (1854 — June 4, 1931) (حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī) was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which received international recognition. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom Adhamiyah ( Arabic: ألأعظمية, al-aʿẓamiyyah; BGN: Al A‘z̧amīyah) also Azamiya, is neighborhood and The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Ali bin Hussein, GBE (1879–1935 was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925 Ali bin Hussein, GBE (1879–1935 was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925 Abdullah I bin al-Hussein King of Jordan (1882 – July 20 1951 was born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) as ( Arabic Faisal bin Al Hussein Bin Ali El-Hashemi, GCB, GCMG ( فيصل بن حسين Fayṣal ibn Ḥusayn; 20 May 1883 &ndash September 8 Prince Zeid bin Hussein, GCVO, GBE (الأمير زيد ابن حسين born ( February 28, 1898 - October 18, 1970 Hashemite is the Latinate version of the Arabic: هاشمي ( Transliteration: Hāšimī and traditionally refers to those belonging to the Banu Hashim Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sharif of Mecca ( Arabic:شريف مكة or Sharif of Hejaz ( Arabic:شريف الحجاز was the title of the former Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر) al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier" is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia In 1924, he further proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah He ruled Hejaz until 1924, when, defeated by Abdul Aziz al Saud, he abdicated the kingdom and other secular titles to his eldest son Ali. King Saud King Faisal Mohammed King Khaled Nasr Saad

Contents

Arab Revolt

Hussein bin Ali was born in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire and was the last of the Hashemite rulers over the Hejaz to be appointed by the Ottoman Empire. The Arab Revolt (1916&ndash1918 ( الثورة العربية Al-Thawra al-`Arabīya) was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Hashemite is the Latinate version of the Arabic: هاشمي ( Transliteration: Hāšimī and traditionally refers to those belonging to the Banu Hashim However, Sharif Hussein ibn Ali rebelled against the rule of the Ottomans during the Arab Revolt of 1916. The Arab Revolt (1916&ndash1918 ( الثورة العربية Al-Thawra al-`Arabīya) was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing During World War I, Hussein was initially allied with the Ottomans and Germany. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Evidence that the Ottoman government was planning to depose him at the end of the war soured this alliance. An exchange of letters with British High Commissioner Henry McMahon convinced him that his assistance on the side of the Triple Entente would be rewarded by an Arab empire encompassing the entire span between Egypt and Persia, with the exception of imperial possessions and interests in Kuwait, Aden, and the Syrian coast. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment Henry McMahon may refer to Henry McMahon (diplomat (1862-1949 diplomat best known for the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence Henry McMahon The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Hussein was the official leader of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans. The Arab Revolt (1916&ndash1918 ( الثورة العربية Al-Thawra al-`Arabīya) was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing

The funeral of King Hussein in Jerusalem, 1931.
The funeral of King Hussein in Jerusalem, 1931.

Following World War I

In the aftermath of the war, the Arabs found themselves freed from the Ottomans but placed under the mandate system of France and the United Kingdom, in which the "liberty" of the inhabitants would be guaranteed by their occupation by European imperial powers. A League of Nations mandate refers to a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I. The sons of Hussein were made the kings of Transjordan (later Jordan), Syria and Iraq. The Emirate of Transjordan ( Arabic: ar إمارة شرق الأردن) was a former Ottoman territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. However, the monarchy in Syria was abruptly ended when the French were given control over the nation (resulting in much resistance and bloodshed), so his son (Faisal) was installed in Iraq instead.

King of Hejaz

When Hussein declared himself king of the Hejaz, he also declared himself king of all Arabs (malik bilad-al-Arab). al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier" is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia This aggravated his conflict with Ibn Saud, with whom he had fought before WWI on the side of the Ottomans in 1910. King Saud King Faisal Mohammed King Khaled Nasr Saad Two days after the Turkish Caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on March 3, 1924, Hussein declared himself Caliph at his son Abdullah's winter camp in Shunah, Transjordan. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Abdullah I bin al-Hussein King of Jordan (1882 – July 20 1951 was born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) as ( Arabic [1] The claim to the title had a mixed reception, and he was soon ousted and driven out of Arabia by the Saudis, a rival clan that had no interest in the Caliphate. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Saud defeated Hussein in 1924. Hussein continued to use the title of Caliph when living in Transjordan.

Exile and abdication

Though the British had supported Hussein from the start of the Arab Revolt and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence, they elected not to help Hussein repel the Saudi attack, which eventually took Mecca, Medina, and Jeddah. The Arab Revolt (1916&ndash1918 ( الثورة العربية Al-Thawra al-`Arabīya) was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence was a protracted exchange of letters (July 14 1915 to January 30 1916 during World War I, between the He was then forced to flee to Cyprus, where he donated funds for the construction of an Armenian church. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Armenian Apostolic Church (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցի Hayasdaneaytz Arakelagan He went to live in Amman, Transjordan, where his son Abdullah was king. Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom The Emirate of Transjordan ( Arabic: ar إمارة شرق الأردن) was a former Ottoman territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine Abdullah I bin al-Hussein King of Jordan (1882 – July 20 1951 was born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) as ( Arabic The Jordanian monarchy was set up in 1921 with help from the British. After his abdication, his son 'Ali briefly assumed the throne, but then he too had to flee the encroachment of Ibn Saud and his Wahhabi forces. Ali bin Hussein, GBE (1879–1935 was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925 Wahhabism ( Arabic: Al-Wahhābīyya الوهابية or Wahabism is a conservative reformist call of Sunni Islam attributed to His son Faisal was briefly King of Syria and later King of Iraq. Faisal bin Al Hussein Bin Ali El-Hashemi, GCB, GCMG ( فيصل بن حسين Fayṣal ibn Ḥusayn; 20 May 1883 &ndash September 8 After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the province of Iraq came under the control of the United

Hussein died in Amman in 1931.

Marriage and children

Hussein, who had four wives, fathered four sons and three daughters with three of his wives. With his first wife Abdliya bin Abdullah he had:

With his second wife Madiha he had:

With his third wife Adila Khanmun he had:

Film

In the 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia, Alec Guinness portrayed Prince Faisal, Sharif Hussein's son. Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 Epic film based on the life of T Sir Alec Guinness, CH, CBE (2 April 1914 &ndash 5 August 2000 was an English Actor.

Preceded by
Ottoman Empire		 King of Hejaz
1916-1924		 Succeeded by
Ali bin Hussein

Notes

  1. ^ Teitelbaum, 2002, p. The Kingdom of Hejaz (1916 to 1925 was a state in the Hejaz region ruled by the Hashemite family Ali bin Hussein, GBE (1879–1935 was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until December 1925 243.

References

See also

The Sharif of Mecca ( Arabic:شريف مكة or Sharif of Hejaz ( Arabic:شريف الحجاز was the title of the former
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