| Category 5 Hurricane (SSHS) | ||
|---|---|---|
 Hurricane Katrina near peak strength on August 28, 2005 |
||
| Formed | August 23, 2005 | |
| Dissipated | August 30, 2005 | |
| Highest winds |
|
|
| Lowest pressure | 902 mbar (hPa; 26. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The bar (symbol bar) decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb are units of Pressure. 65 inHg) | |
| Fatalities | 1,836 confirmed, 705 missing[1][2] | |
| Damage | $81. Inches of mercury, inHg or "Hg is a measuring unit for Pressure. 2 billion (2005 USD) $90 billion (2008 USD) (Costliest Atlantic hurricane in history) |
|
| Areas affected |
Bahamas, South Florida, Cuba, Louisiana (especially Greater New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida Panhandle, most of eastern North America | |
| Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season |
||
| Hurricane Katrina |
|
 |
|
|
General Impact
Relief Analysis Other wikis |
|
Hurricane Katrina was the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America New Orleans&ndashMetairie&ndashKenner is a metropolitan area designated by the US Census encompassing seven parishes in the state of Louisiana, centering on Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 16 counties This article contains a historical timeline of the events of Hurricane Katrina. The meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina, an extremely destructive Category 5 hurricane, began on August 23 2005 when it originated as This article covers the details of the Preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that devastated parts of Louisiana, Mississippi Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans has been an issue since the city's early settlement because of the city's location The economic effects of Hurricane Katrina, which hit Louisiana and Mississippi in late August 2005 were far-reaching This article deals with political effects of Hurricane Katrina other than those related to Criticism of government response to Hurricane Katrina, which are contained The criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina (a Hurricane Katrina led to many social effects Initially many lives were lost while many more were disrupted This article covers the Hurricane Katrina effects by region, within the United States and Canada Hurricane Katrina's winds and storm surge reached the Mississippi coastline on the afternoon of August 28, 2005,beginning a two-day path of destruction through central The effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans were shattering and long-lasting In late August 2005 there were over 50 failures of the Levees and flood walls protecting New Orleans Louisiana, and nearby St This article covers the levee system and infrastructure repairs in New Orleans Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina. The Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans were catastrophic due to failure of the Federal flood protection system designed to protect the city (see 2005 levee The Disaster recovery response to Hurricane Katrina included federal government agencies like Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA state and local-level agencies Many countries and international organizations offered the United States relief aid in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Following the destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina, various conjectures were put forward suggesting that Katrina was not an ordinary natural event but was instead influenced by Hurricane Katrina was the third most intense to hit the United States in recorded history Many representatives of the News media reporting on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina became directly involved in the unfolding events instead of simply reporting A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [3] It was the sixth-strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the third-strongest hurricane on record that made landfall in the United States. Landfall is the event of a Tropical cyclone (also known as a hurricane or a Waterspout coming onto Land after being over water Katrina formed on August 23 during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and caused devastation along much of the north-central Gulf Coast. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. The most severe loss of life and property damage occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana, which flooded as the levee system catastrophically failed, in many cases hours after the storm had moved inland. The effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans were shattering and long-lasting New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial [4] The hurricane caused severe destruction across the entire Mississippi coast and into Alabama, as far as 100 miles (160 km) from the storm's center. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. In the 2005 Atlantic season, Katrina was the eleventh tropical storm, fifth hurricane, third major hurricane, and second Category 5 hurricane. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions
It formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, and crossed southern Florida as a moderate Category 1 hurricane, causing some deaths and flooding there, before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico and becoming one of the strongest hurricanes on record while at sea. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The storm weakened before making its second and third landfalls as a Category 3 storm on the morning of August 29 in southeast Louisiana and at the Louisiana/Mississippi state line, respectively. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708)
The storm surge caused severe damage along the Gulf Coast, devastating the Mississippi cities of Waveland, Bay St. Louis, Pass Christian, Long Beach, Gulfport, Biloxi, D'Iberville, Ocean Springs, Gautier, Moss Point, and Pascagoula. Waveland is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi, on the Gulf of Mexico. Bay Saint Louis is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi. Pass Christian is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, along the Gulf of Mexico. Long Beach is a city (incorporated August 10, 1905) located in Harrison County Mississippi, USA. Gulfport is the second largest city in Mississippi after the state capital Jackson. D'Iberville is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, immediately north of Biloxi, across the back bay Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi ( USA) about east of Biloxi. Gautier is a city along the Gulf of Mexico, west of Pascagoula, in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Moss Point is a city north of Pascagoula, in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Pascagoula is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. In Louisiana, the federal flood protection system in New Orleans failed in more than fifty places. The Flood Control Act of 1965, Title II of, was enacted on October 27 1965 by the 89th Congress and authorized the U Nearly every levee in metro New Orleans breached as Hurricane Katrina passed east of the city, subsequently flooding 80% of the city and many areas of neighboring parishes for weeks. The US state of Louisiana is divided into 64 parishes in the same way that 48 of the other states of the United States [4]
At least 1,836 people lost their lives in Hurricane Katrina and in the subsequent floods, making it the deadliest U. S. hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane. The Okeechobee hurricane, or Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, was a deadly hurricane that struck the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the The storm is estimated to have been responsible for $81. 2 billion (2005 U.S. dollars) in damage, making it the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The catastrophic failure of the flood protection in New Orleans prompted immediate review of the Army Corps of Engineers, which has, by congressional mandate, sole responsibility for design and construction of the flood protection and levee systems. The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel The Flood Control Act of 1965, Title II of, was enacted on October 27 1965 by the 89th Congress and authorized the U There was also widespread criticism of the federal, state and local governments' reaction to the storm, which resulted in an investigation by the U.S. Congress, and the resignation of Federal Emergency Management Agency director Michael D. Brown. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities Michael DeWayne Brown (born November 8, 1954) was Undersecretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response (EP&R a division of the Department of Homeland Conversely, the National Hurricane Center and National Weather Service were widely commended for accurate forecasts and abundant lead time. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [5]
Contents |
Meteorological history
Hurricane Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23, 2005 as the result of an interaction of a tropical wave and the remains of Tropical Depression Ten. The meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina, an extremely destructive Category 5 hurricane, began on August 23 2005 when it originated as Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tropical waves, or easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves in the Atlantic region are a type of Atmospheric trough, Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season The system was upgraded to tropical storm status on the morning of August 24 and at this point, the storm was given the name Katrina. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River The tropical storm continued to move towards Florida, and became a hurricane only two hours before it made landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura, Florida on the morning of August 25. Landfall is the event of a Tropical cyclone (also known as a hurricane or a Waterspout coming onto Land after being over water Hallandale Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. Aventura is a planned City located in northeastern Miami-Dade County Florida. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the The storm weakened over land, but it regained hurricane status about one hour after entering the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world [3]
The storm rapidly intensified after entering the Gulf, growing from a Category 3 hurricane to a Category 5 hurricane in just nine hours. Rapid deepening, also know as rapid intensification, is a meteorological condition that occurs when the minimum sea-level Atmospheric pressure of a This rapid growth was due to the storm's movement over the "unusually warm" waters of the Loop Current, which increased wind speeds. Sea surface temperature (SST is the water Temperature close to the surface Part of the Gulf Stream, the Loop Current is a warm ocean current in the Gulf of Mexico that flows northward between Cuba and the Yucatán [6] On August 27, the storm reached Category 3 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, becoming the third major hurricane of the season. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding An eyewall replacement cycle disrupted the intensification, but caused the storm to nearly double in size. The eye is a region of mostly calm Weather found at the center of strong Tropical cyclones The eye of a Storm is a roughly circular area and typically 30–65 km Katrina again rapidly intensified, attaining Category 5 status on the morning of August 28 and reached its peak strength at 1:00 p. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital m. CDT that day, with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 902 mbar. The bar (symbol bar) decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb are units of Pressure. The pressure measurement made Katrina the fourth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record at the time, only to be surpassed by Hurricanes Rita and Wilma later in the season; it was also the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Gulf of Mexico at the time (a record also later broken by Rita). Hurricane Rita was the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense Tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Wilma was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic basin. Hurricane Rita was the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense Tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico [3]
Katrina made its second landfall at 6:10 a. m. CDT[3] on August 29 as a Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Buras-Triumph is a Census-designated place (CDP in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. At landfall, hurricane-force winds extended outward 120 miles (190 km) from the center and the storm's central pressure was 920 mbar. After moving over southeastern Louisiana and Breton Sound, it made its third landfall near the Louisiana/Mississippi border with 120 mph (195 km/h) sustained winds, still at Category 3 intensity. Breton Sound (Détroit Breton is a sound and a part of the Coastline of the U [3]
Katrina maintained strength well into Mississippi, finally losing hurricane strength more than 150 miles (240 km) inland near Meridian, Mississippi. Meridian is a city in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States. It was downgraded to a tropical depression near Clarksville, Tennessee, but its remnants were last distinguishable in the eastern Great Lakes region on August 31, when it was absorbed by a frontal boundary. Clarksville is a city in Montgomery County Tennessee, USA Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County and is Tennessee 's fifth largest city The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne A surface weather analysis is a special type of Weather map that provides a view of Weather elements over a geographical area at a specified time based on information The resulting extratropical storm moved rapidly to the northeast and affected eastern Canada. Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are a group of Cyclones defined as synoptic scale low [3]
Preparations
Federal government
On the morning of August 26, at 10 a. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. m. CDT (1500 UTC), Katrina had strengthened to a Category 3 storm in the Gulf of Mexico. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Later that afternoon, the NHC realized that Katrina had yet to make the turn toward the Florida Panhandle and ended up revising the predicted track of the storm from the panhandle to the Mississippi coast. [7][8] The NHC issued a hurricane watch for southeastern Louisiana, including the New Orleans area at 10 a. m. CDT August 27. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan That afternoon the NHC extended the watch to cover the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines as well as the Louisiana coast to Intracoastal City. Intracoastal City (Ville Intercôtière is an Unincorporated community in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States.
The United States Coast Guard began pre-positioning resources beyond the expected impact zone starting on August 26, and activated more than 400 reservists. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. [9] Aircrews from the Aviation Training Center, in Mobile, staged rescue aircraft from Texas to Florida. [10] All aircraft were returning back towards the Gulf of Mexico by the afternoon of August 29. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Air crews, many of whom lost their homes during the hurricane, began a round-the-clock rescue effort in New Orleans, and along the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines. A crew comprises a body or a class of people who work at a common activity generally in a structured or hierarchical organization [11]
President George W. Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [12] (These declarations later proved to be a point of controversy; see below. ) That same evening, the NHC upgraded the section of the hurricane watch from Morgan City, Louisiana to the Alabama-Florida border to a hurricane warning, 12 hours after it was issued, and also issued a tropical storm warning for the westernmost Florida Panhandle. Morgan City (previously known as Brashear is a City in St Martin and St [3]
During video conferences involving the president on August 28 and 29, the director of the National Hurricane Center at the time, Max Mayfield, expressed concern that Katrina might push its storm surge over the city's levees and flood walls. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service Britt Max Mayfield (born on September 19, 1948 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is a Meteorologist who served as the director of the In one conference, he stated, "I do not think anyone can tell you with confidence right now whether the levees will be topped or not, but that's obviously a very, very great concern. "[13]
On August 28, as the sheer size of Katrina became clear, the NHC extended the tropical storm warning zone to cover most of the Louisiana coastline and a larger portion of the Florida Panhandle. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 16 counties The National Weather Service's New Orleans/Baton Rouge office issued a vividly-worded bulletin predicting that the area would be "uninhabitable for weeks" after "devastating damage" caused by Katrina, which at that time rivaled the intensity of Hurricane Camille. The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The National Weather Service bulletin for the New Orleans region of 1011 a Hurricane Camille was the third and strongest tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season [14]
Voluntary and mandatory evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast Louisiana as well as coastal Mississippi and Alabama. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. About 1. 2 million residents of the Gulf Coast were covered under a voluntary or mandatory evacuation order. [3]
Emergency declarations
In a September 26, 2005 hearing, Michael Brown was questioned by Republican members of Congress about FEMA's response. During that hearing, Representative Stephen Buyer (R-IN) inquired as to why Bush's declaration did not include Orleans, Jefferson, or Plaquemines parishes. Stephen Earle Buyer (born November 26 1958) has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives since 1993 for [15] (In fact, the declaration did not include any of Louisiana's coastal parishes, whereas the coastal counties were included in the declarations for Mississippi[16] and Alabama. [17]) Brown testified that this was because Governor Blanco had not included those parishes in her initial request for aid, a decision that he found "shocking. " After the hearing, though, Blanco released a copy of her letter, which requested assistance for "all the southeastern parishes including the New Orleans Metropolitan area and the mid state Interstate I-49 corridor and northern parishes along the I-20 corridor that are accepting [evacuated citizens]. "[18]
Gulf Coast
On August 26, the state of Mississippi activated its National Guard in preparation for the storm's landfall. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. Additionally, the state government activated its Emergency Operations Center the next day, and local governments began issuing evacuation orders. By 7:00 p. m. EDT on August 28, 11 counties and eleven cities issued evacuation orders, a number which increased to 41 counties and 61 cities by the following morning. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Moreover, 57 emergency shelters were established on coastal communities, with 31 additional shelters available to open if needed. [5] Louisiana's hurricane evacuation plan calls for local governments in areas along and near the coast to evacuate in three phases, starting with the immediate coast 50 hours before the start of tropical storm force winds. Persons in areas designated Phase II begin evacuating 40 hours before the onset of tropical storm winds and those in Phase III areas (including New Orleans) evacuate 30 hours before the start of such winds. [19]
Many private care-taking facilities that relied on bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges. Fuel and rental cars were in short supply and many forms of public transportation had been shut down well before the storm arrived. [20] Some estimates claimed that 80% of the 1. 3 million residents of the greater New Orleans metropolitan area evacuated, leaving behind substantially fewer people than remained in the city during the Hurricane Ivan evacuation. Hurricane Ivan was the strongest hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. [21]
By Sunday, August 28, most infrastructure along the Gulf Coast had been shut down, including all Canadian National Railway and Amtrak rail traffic into the evacuation areas as well as the Waterford Nuclear Generating Station. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The Waterford Steam Electric Station Unit 3, also known as Waterford 3 is a Nuclear power plant located on a 3000-acre (12-km² plot in Killona Louisiana in St [22] The NHC maintained the coastal warnings until late on August 29, by which time Hurricane Katrina was over central Mississippi. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) [3]
Greater New Orleans area
- See also: Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans
By August 26, the possibility of unprecedented cataclysm was already being considered. Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans has been an issue since the city's early settlement because of the city's location Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Many of the computer models had shifted the potential path of Katrina 150 miles (240 km) westward from the Florida Panhandle, putting the city of New Orleans right in the center of their track probabilities; the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17%, with strike probability rising to 29% by August 28. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital [23] This scenario was considered a potential catastrophe because some parts of New Orleans and the metro area are below sea level. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was forecast to be 28 feet (8. 5 m), emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding. [24]
At a news conference at 10:00 a. m. on August 28, shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a Category 5 storm, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin ordered the first ever mandatory evacuation of the city, calling Katrina "a storm that most of us have long feared. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Clarence Ray Nagin Jr (ˈneɪgɨn (born June 11, 1956) is the Mayor of New Orleans. Emergency evacuation is the movement of people from a dangerous place due to the threat or occurrence of a disastrous event "[25] The city government also established several "refuges of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, including the massive Louisiana Superdome, which sheltered approximately 26,000 people and provided them with food and water for several days as the storm came ashore. The Louisiana Superdome, often informally referred to simply as the [26]
Florida
Many people living in the area were unaware when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a hurricane in one day and struck southern Florida near the Miami-Dade – Broward county line. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Miami-Dade County (often referred to as simply Miami or Dade) is a County located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida Broward County is a County located in the US state of Florida. The hurricane struck between the cities of Aventura, in Miami-Dade County, and Hallandale, in Broward County, on August 25, 2005. Aventura is a planned City located in northeastern Miami-Dade County Florida. Hallandale Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts had correctly predicted that Katrina would intensify to hurricane strength before landfall, and hurricane watches and warnings were issued 31. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service Warnings and watches are two levels of alert issued by national Weather forecasting bodies to coastal areas threatened by the imminent approach of a Tropical cyclone 5 hours and 19. 5 hours before landfall, respectively — only slightly less than the target thresholds of 36 and 24 hours. [3]
Florida Governor Jeb Bush declared a state of emergency on August 24 in advance of Hurricane Katrina's landfall in Florida. John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American Politician and was the 43rd Governor of Florida A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Shelters were opened and schools closed in several counties in the southern part of the state. A number of evacuation orders were also issued, mostly voluntary, although a mandatory evacuation was ordered for at-risk housing in Martin County. Martin County is a County in the US state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 126731 [27]
Impact
| Alabama | 2 |
| Florida | 14 |
| Georgia | 2 |
| Kentucky | 1 |
| Louisiana | 1,577* |
| Mississippi | 238 |
| Ohio | 2 |
| Total | 1,836 |
|---|---|
| Missing | 705 |
| *Includes out-of-state evacuees counted by Louisiana |
|
On August 29, Katrina's storm surge caused 53 different levee breaches in greater New Orleans submerging eighty percent of the city. This article covers the Hurricane Katrina effects by region, within the United States and Canada Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Storm surge or tidal surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system typically a Tropical cyclone. Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana A June 2007 expert report stated that two-thirds of the flooding were due to levee breaches [2]. The storm surge also devastated the coasts of Mississippi and Alabama, making Katrina the most destructive and costliest natural disaster in the history of the United States, and the deadliest hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. A natural disaster is the consequence of a Natural hazard (eg The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Okeechobee hurricane, or Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, was a deadly hurricane that struck the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the The total damage from Katrina is estimated at $81. 2 billion (2005 U.S. dollars), nearly double the cost of the previously most expensive storm, Hurricane Andrew, when adjusted for inflation. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Hurricane Andrew is the second most powerful and the last of three Category 5 hurricanes that made U [3][28]
As of May 19, 2006, the confirmed death toll (total of direct and indirect deaths) stood at 1,836, mainly from Louisiana (1,577) and Mississippi (238). Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [29][30] However, 705 people remain categorized as missing in Louisiana,[31] and many of the deaths are indirect, but it is almost impossible to determine the exact cause of some of the fatalities.
Federal disaster declarations covered 90,000 square miles (233,000 km²) of the United States, an area almost as large as the United Kingdom. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or UK, is in Western Europe. The hurricane left an estimated three million people without electricity. On September 3, 2005, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff described the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as "probably the worst catastrophe, or set of catastrophes," in the country's history, referring to the hurricane itself plus the flooding of New Orleans. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The term homeland security refers to the broad national effort by all levels of government to protect its territory from hazards both internal and external natural and man-made Michael B Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is the current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, and co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act [32]
South Florida and Cuba
Hurricane Katrina first made landfall on August 25, 2005 in South Florida where it hit as a Category 1 hurricane, with 80 mph (130 km/h) winds. Davie is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States. In 2006 the U Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Rainfall was heavy in places and exceeded 14 inches (350 mm) in Homestead, Florida,[3] and a storm surge of 3 – 5 feet (1. Homestead is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States nestled between Biscayne National Park to the east and Everglades Storm surge or tidal surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system typically a Tropical cyclone. 5 m) was measured in parts of Monroe County. Monroe County is a County located in the state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 79589 [28] More than 1 million customers were left without electricity, and damage in Florida was estimated at between 1 and 2 billion dollars, with most of the damage coming from flooding and overturned trees. There were 14 fatalities reported in Florida as a result of Hurricane Katrina. [3]
Most of the Florida Keys experienced tropical-storm force winds from Katrina as the storm's center passed to the north, with hurricane force winds reported in the Dry Tortugas. The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands located at the end of the Florida Keys, USA, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys Rainfall was also high in the islands, with 10 inches (250 mm) falling on Key West. Key West is a city in Monroe County Florida, United States. The city encompasses Key West, the namesake island the part of Stock Island On August 26, a strong F1 tornado formed from an outer rain band of Katrina and struck Marathon. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Marathon is a City on Knight's Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca, Fat Deer Key, Long Point Key, Crawl Key and The tornado damaged a hangar at the airport there and caused an estimated 5 million dollars in damage. [33]
Although Hurricane Katrina stayed well to the north of Cuba, on August 29 it brought tropical-storm force winds and rainfall of over 8 inches (200 mm) to western regions of the island. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Telephone and power lines were damaged and around 8,000 people were evacuated in the Pinar del Río Province. Pinar del Río is one of the Provinces of Cuba. It is at the western end of the island of Cuba. According to Cuban television reports the coastal city of Surgidero de Batabano was 90% underwater. [34]
Louisiana
On August 29 Hurricane Katrina made landfall near Buras, Louisiana with 125 mph (205 km/h) winds, as a strong Category 3 storm. Venice is an unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Buras-Triumph is a Census-designated place (CDP in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. However, as it had only just weakened from Category 4 strength and the radius of maximum winds was large, it is possible that sustained winds of Category 4 strength briefly impacted extreme southeastern Louisiana. Although the storm surge to the east of the path of the eye in Mississippi was higher, a very significant surge affected the Louisiana coast. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The height of the surge is uncertain because of a lack of data, although a tide gauge in Plaquemines Parish indicated a storm tide in excess of 14 feet (4. Plaquemines Parish ( Cajun French: Paroisse Plaquemine) is the parish with the most combined land and water area in the U 3 m) and a 12 foot (3 m) storm surge was recorded in Grand Isle. Grand Isle (Grande-Île is a Town in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, located on a barrier island of the same name [3]
Hurricane Katrina also brought heavy rain to Louisiana, with 8 – 10 inches (200 – 250 mm) falling on a wide swath of the eastern part of the state. In the area around Slidell, the rainfall was even higher, and the highest rainfall recorded in the state was approximately 15 inches (380 mm). As a result of the rainfall and storm surge the level of Lake Pontchartrain rose and caused significant flooding along its northeastern shore, affecting communities from Slidell to Mandeville. Lake Pontchartrain (ˈpɒntʃətreɪn in English Lac Pontchartrain IPA in French) is a brackish Lake Mandeville is a City in St Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. Several bridges were destroyed, including the I-10 Twin Span Bridge connecting Slidell to New Orleans. The I-10 Twin Span Bridge, known locally as the Twin Spans, consists of two parallel Trestle bridges These parallel bridges cross the eastern end of Lake New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana [3] Almost 900,000 people in Louisiana lost power as a result of Hurricane Katrina. [35]
Hard-hit St. Bernard Parish was flooded due to breaching of the levees that contained a navigation channel called the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO). St Bernard Parish (Paroisse de Saint-Bernard is a parish located southeast of New Orleans in the U The search for the missing was slow. According to an interview in the New Orleans Times-Picayune, the coroner was still trying to get a list of missing from the Red Cross in November 2005. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated While there were some victims on this list whose bodies were found in their homes, the vast majority were tracked down through word-of-mouth and credit card records. As of December 2005, the official missing list in the Parish stood at 47. [36]
New Orleans
As the eye of Hurricane Katrina swept to the northeast, it subjected the city to hurricane conditions for hours. The effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans were shattering and long-lasting In late August 2005 there were over 50 failures of the Levees and flood walls protecting New Orleans Louisiana, and nearby St In the field of Road transport, an interchange is a road junction that typically Although power failures prevented accurate measurement of wind speeds in New Orleans, there were a few measurements of hurricane-force winds. From this the NHC concluded that it is likely that much of the city experienced sustained winds of Category 1 or Category 2 strength.
Katrina's storm surge led to 53 levee breaches in the federally built levee system protecting metro New Orleans. The Flood Control Act of 1965, Title II of, was enacted on October 27 1965 by the 89th Congress and authorized the U Failures occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana and surrounding communities especially St. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Bernard Parish. The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of east New Orleans, most of Saint Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish. The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal (also known as MRGO MR-GO or "Mr St Bernard Parish (Paroisse de Saint-Bernard is a parish located southeast of New Orleans in the U Plaquemines Parish ( Cajun French: Paroisse Plaquemine) is the parish with the most combined land and water area in the U The major levee breaches in the city included breaches at the 17th Street Canal levee, the London Avenue Canal, and the wide, navigable Industrial Canal, which left approximately 80% of the city flooded. The 17th Street Canal is a drainage Canal in Greater New Orleans, Louisiana that flows into Lake Pontchartrain. The London Avenue Canal is a drainage Canal in New Orleans Louisiana, used for pumping rain water into Lake Pontchartrain. The Industrial Canal is a 55 mile (9 km Waterway in New Orleans Louisiana, United States. [37]
Most of the major roads traveling into and out of the city were damaged. The only routes out of the city were the westbound Crescent City Connection and the Huey P. The Crescent City Connection, abbreviated as CCC, (formerly the Greater New Orleans Bridge) refers to twin Cantilever bridges that carry U Long Bridge, as large portions of the I-10 Twin Span Bridge traveling eastbound towards Slidell, Louisiana had collapsed. The I-10 Twin Span Bridge, known locally as the Twin Spans, consists of two parallel Trestle bridges These parallel bridges cross the eastern end of Lake Both the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway and the Crescent City Connection only carried emergency traffic. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, or the Causeway, consists of two parallel bridges crossing Lake Pontchartrain in southern Louisiana. The Crescent City Connection, abbreviated as CCC, (formerly the Greater New Orleans Bridge) refers to twin Cantilever bridges that carry U [38]
On August 29, at 7:40 a. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) m. CDT, it was reported that most of the windows on the north side of the Hyatt Regency New Orleans had been blown out, and many other high rise buildings had extensive window damage. [39] The Hyatt was the most severely damaged hotel in the city, with beds reported to be flying out of the windows. Insulation tubes were exposed as the hotel's glass exterior was completely sheared off. [40]
The Superdome, which was sheltering many people who had not evacuated, sustained significant damage. The Louisiana Superdome, often informally referred to simply as the Two sections of the Superdome's roof were compromised and the dome's waterproof membrane had essentially been peeled off. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport was closed before the storm but did not flood. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, formerly known as Moisant Field, while other names for it are Louis Armstrong International Airport and On August 30, it was reopened to humanitarian and rescue operations. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Limited commercial passenger service resumed at the airport on September 13 and regular carrier operations resumed in early October. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September [41]
Levee breaches in New Orleans also caused widespread loss of life, with over 700 bodies recovered in New Orleans by October 23, 2005. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [42] Some survivors and evacuees reported seeing dead bodies lying in city streets and floating in still-flooded sections, especially in the east of the city. The advanced state of decomposition of many corpses, some of which were left in the water or sun for days before being collected, hindered efforts by coroners to identify many of the dead. [43]
The first deaths reported from the city were reported shortly before midnight on August 28, as three nursing home patients died during an evacuation to Baton Rouge, most likely from dehydration. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital SNF redirects here For the sports show see NBC Sunday Night Football. Baton Rouge (French Bâton-Rouge ˌbætən ˈruːdʒ in English, and in French) is the capital city of Louisiana. While there were also early reports of fatalities amid mayhem at the Superdome, only six deaths were confirmed there, with four of these originating from natural causes, one from a drug overdose, and one a suicide. At the Convention Center, four bodies were recovered. One of the four is believed to be the result of a homicide. [44]
Mississippi
The Gulf coast of Mississippi suffered massive damage from the impact of Hurricane Katrina on August 29, leaving 238 people dead, 67 missing, and billions of dollars in damage: bridges, barges, boats, piers, houses and cars were washed inland. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) [45] Katrina traveled up the entire state, and afterwards, all 82 counties in Mississippi were declared disaster areas for federal assistance, 47 for full assistance. [45]
After making a brief initial landfall in Louisiana, Katrina had made its final landfall near the state line, and the eyewall passed over the cities of Bay St. Louis and Waveland as a Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Bay Saint Louis is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi. Waveland is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi, on the Gulf of Mexico. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions [3] Katrina's powerful right-front quadrant passed over the west and central Mississippi coast causing a powerful 27 foot (8. 2 m) storm surge, which penetrated 6 miles (10 km) inland in many areas and up to 12 miles (20 km) inland along bays and rivers; in some areas, the surge crossed Interstate 10 for several miles. Storm surge or tidal surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system typically a Tropical cyclone. Interstate 10 ( I-10) is the southernmost east-west coast-to-coast Interstate highway in the United States. [3] Hurricane Katrina brought strong winds to Mississippi which caused significant tree damage throughout the state. The highest unofficial reported wind gust recorded from Katrina was one of 135 mph (217 km/h) in Poplarville, in Pearl River County. Poplarville is a city in Pearl River County, Mississippi, United States. Pearl River County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. [3]
The storm also brought heavy rains with 8 – 10 inches (200 – 250 mm) falling in southwestern Mississippi and rain in excess of 4 inches (100 mm) falling throughout the majority of the state. Long Beach is a city (incorporated August 10, 1905) located in Harrison County Mississippi, USA. Katrina caused eleven tornadoes in Mississippi on August 29, some of which damaged trees and power lines. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) [3]
Battered by wind, rain and storm surge, some beachfront neighborhoods were completely leveled. Preliminary estimates by Mississippi officials calculated that 90% of the structures within half a mile of the coastline were completely destroyed,[46] and that storm surges traveled as much as six miles (10 km) inland in portions of the state's coast. [28] One apartment complex with approximately thirty residents seeking shelter inside collapsed. More than half of the 13 casinos in the state, which were floated on barges to comply with Mississippi land-based gambling laws, were washed hundreds of yards inland by waves. [46]
A number of streets and bridges were washed away. On U.S. Highway 90 along the Mississippi Gulf Coast, two major bridges were completely destroyed: the Bay St. Louis - Pass Christian[3] bridge, and the Biloxi - Ocean Springs bridge. US Route 90 is an east-west United States highway. Despite the "0" in its route number US 90 never was a full coast-to-coast route it has always ended at Bay Saint Louis is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi. Pass Christian is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, along the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi ( USA) about east of Biloxi. In addition, the eastbound span of the I-10 bridge over the Pascagoula River estuary was damaged. The Pascagoula River is a River, about 80 mi (130 km long in southeastern Mississippi in the United States In the weeks after the storm, with the connectivity of the coastal U. S. Highway 90 shattered, traffic traveling parallel to the coast was reduced to two lanes on the remaining I-10 span.
All three coastal counties of the state were severely affected by the storm. Pascagoula is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Katrina's surge was the most extensive, as well as the highest, in the documented history of the United States; large portions of both Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson Counties were inundated by the storm surge, in all three cases affecting most of the populated areas. Hancock County is the southernmost County of the US state of Mississippi, situated along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana Harrison County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Jackson County is a County located at the south tip of the US [47] Surge covered almost the entire lower half of Hancock County, destroying the coastal communities of Clermont Harbor and Waveland, much of Bay St. Louis, and flowed up the Jourdan River, flooding Kiln. Clermont Harbor is an unincorporated|village on the western end of Hancock County on the Gulf Coast of the U Waveland is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi, on the Gulf of Mexico. Bay Saint Louis is a city located in Hancock County Mississippi. Kiln is a Census-designated place (CDP in Hancock County, Mississippi, United States. In Harrison County, Pass Christian was completely inundated, along with a narrow strip of land to the east along the coast, which includes the cities of Long Beach and Gulfport; the flooding was more extensive in communities such as D'Iberville, which borders Back Bay. Pass Christian is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, along the Gulf of Mexico. Long Beach is a city (incorporated August 10, 1905) located in Harrison County Mississippi, USA. Gulfport is the second largest city in Mississippi after the state capital Jackson. D'Iberville is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States, immediately north of Biloxi, across the back bay Biloxi, on a peninsula between the Back Bay and the coast, was particularly hard hit, especially the low-lying Point Cadet area. In Jackson County, storm surge flowed up the wide river estuary, with the combined surge and freshwater flooding cutting the county in half. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Remarkably, over 90% of Pascagoula, the easternmost coastal city in Mississippi, and about 75 miles (121 km) east of Katrina's landfall near the Louisiana-Mississippi border, was flooded from surge at the height of the storm. Pascagoula is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Other large Jackson County neighborhoods such as Porteaux Bay and Gulf Hills were severely damaged with large portions being completely destroyed, and St. Martin was hard hit; Ocean Springs, Moss Point, Gautier, and Escatawpa also suffered major surge damage. St Martin is a Census-designated place (CDP in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi ( USA) about east of Biloxi. Moss Point is a city north of Pascagoula, in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Gautier is a city along the Gulf of Mexico, west of Pascagoula, in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Escatawpa is a Census-designated place (CDP in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States.
Mississippi Emergency Management Agency officials also recorded deaths in Forrest, Hinds, Warren, and Leake counties. Forrest County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Hinds County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Warren County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Leake County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Over 900,000 people throughout the state experienced power outages. [35]
Southeast United States
Although Hurricane Katrina made landfall well to the west, Alabama and the Florida Panhandle were both affected by tropical-storm force winds and a storm surge varying from 12 to 16 ft (3-5 m) around Mobile Bay,[3] with higher waves on top. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 16 counties Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Sustained winds of 67 mph (107 km/h) were recorded in Mobile, Alabama, and the storm surge there was approximately 12 feet (3. 7 m). [3] The surge caused significant flooding several miles inland along Mobile Bay. Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. Four tornadoes were also reported in Alabama. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. [3] Ships, oil rigs, boats and fishing piers were washed ashore along Mobile Bay: the cargo ship M/V Caribbean Clipper and many fishing boats were grounded at Bayou La Batre. A pier is a raised Walkway over water supported by widely spread Piles or pillars. Bayou La Batre (ˌbaɪoʊ lə ˈbætri locally ˈbætʃɹi is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States.
An oil rig under construction along the Mobile River broke its moorings and floated 1. An oil platform or oil rig is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill and/or extract oil and Natural gas through wells The Mobile River is located in southern Alabama in the United States. 5 miles (2 km) northwards before striking the Cochrane Bridge just outside Mobile. No significant damage resulted to the bridge and it was soon reopened. The damage on Dauphin Island was severe, with the surge destroying many houses and cutting a new canal through the western portion of the island. Dauphin Island is a town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States, located on a Barrier island also named Dauphin Island An offshore oil rig also became grounded on the island. As in Mississippi, the storm surge caused significant beach erosion along the Alabama coastline. [3] More than 600,000 people lost power in Alabama as a result of Hurricane Katrina and two people died in a traffic accident in the state. [35]
Along the Florida Panhandle the storm surge was typically about five feet (1. 5 m) and along the west-central Florida coast there was a minor surge of 1 – 2 feet (0. 3 – 0. 6 m). In Pensacola, Florida 56 mph (90 km/h) winds were recorded on August 29. Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the County seat of Escambia County. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) The winds caused damage to some trees and structures and there was some minor flooding in the Panhandle. There were two indirect fatalities from Katrina in Walton County as a result of a traffic accident. Walton County is a County located in the state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 40601 [3] In the Florida Panhandle, 77,000 customers lost power. [48]
Northern and central Georgia were affected by heavy rains and strong winds from Hurricane Katrina as the storm moved inland, with more than 3 inches (75 mm) of rain falling in several areas. Bayou La Batre (ˌbaɪoʊ lə ˈbætri locally ˈbætʃɹi is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule At least 18 tornadoes formed in Georgia on August 29, the most on record in that state for one day in August. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) The most serious of these tornadoes was a F2 tornado which affected Heard County and Carroll County. The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures Heard County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. It was created on December 22 1830 Carroll County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. This tornado caused 3 injuries and one fatality and damaged several houses. In addition this tornado destroyed several poultry barns, killing over 140,000 chicks. The other tornadoes caused significant damages to buildings and agricultural facilities. In addition to the fatality caused by the F2 tornado, there was another fatality in a traffic accident. [49]
Other U. S. States and Canada
Hurricane Katrina weakened as it moved inland, but tropical-storm force gusts were recorded as far north as Fort Campbell, Kentucky on August 30, and the winds damaged trees in New York. Fort Campbell is a United States Army installation located between Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Tennessee, and is home Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The remnants of the storm brought high levels of rainfall to a wide swath of the eastern United States, and rain in excess of 2 inches (50 mm) fell in parts of 20 states. The Eastern Half of The United States, the American East, or simply the East is traditionally defined as the states east of the Mississippi River. [50] A number of tornadoes associated with Katrina formed on August 30 and August 31, which caused minor damages in several regions. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne In total, 62 tornadoes formed in eight states as a result of Katrina. [28]
Eastern Arkansas received light rain from the passage of Katrina. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. [51] Gusty winds downed some trees and power lines, though damage was minimal. [52] In Kentucky, a storm that had moved through the weekend before had already produced flooding and the rainfall from Katrina added to this. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As a result of the flooding, Kentucky Governor Ernie Fletcher declared three counties disaster areas and a statewide state of emergency. The Governor of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of the U Ernest Lee Fletcher (born November 12, 1952) is a Republican politician from Kentucky [53][54] One person was killed in Hopkinsville, Kentucky and part of a high school collapsed. Hopkinsville is a city in Christian County, Kentucky, United States. [55] Flooding also prompted a number of evacuations in West Virginia and Ohio, the rainfall in Ohio leading to two indirect deaths. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Katrina also caused a number of power outages in many areas, with over 100,000 customers affected in Tennessee, primarily in the Memphis and Nashville areas. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. [56]
The remnants of Katrina were absorbed by a new cyclone to its east across Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern This second cyclone continued north and affected Canada on August 31. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne In Ontario there were a few isolated reports of rain in excess of 100 mm (4 inches) and there were a few reports of damage from fallen trees. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec [57] Flooding also occurred both in Ontario and Quebec, cutting off a number of isolated villages in Quebec, particularly in the Cote-Nord region. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Côte-Nord ( French for "Northern Shore" area 24762706 km², or 95609 [58]
Aftermath
- See also: Social effects of Hurricane Katrina, Political effects of Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Katrina disaster relief, Reconstruction of New Orleans, and IDPs in the United States
Economic effects
| Rank | Hurricane | Season | Cost (2005 USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “Miami” | 1926 | $157 billion |
| 2 | “Galveston” | 1900 | $99. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The 1926 Miami Hurricane (or Great Miami Hurricane) was an intense hurricane that devastated Miami Florida in September 1926 TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1926 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1926 TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1900 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and early fall months of 1900 4 billion |
| 3 | Katrina | 2005 | $81. 0 billion |
| 4 | “Galveston” | 1915 | $68. The 1915 Galveston Hurricane was a deadly Hurricane that struck Leeward Islands, Hispanola, Cuba and Texas, in mid August of TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1915 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1915 0 billion |
| 5 | Andrew | 1992 | $55. Hurricane Andrew is the second most powerful and the last of three Category 5 hurricanes that made U TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1992 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1992, and lasted until 8 billion |
| 6 | “New England” | 1938 | $39. The New England Hurricane of 1938 (or Great New England Hurricane or Long Island Express or simply The Great Hurricane of 1938) was the first major TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1938 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 16 1938 and lasted until October 31 1938 2 billion |
| 7 | “Pinar del Río” | 1944 | $38. The Pinar del Río Hurricane of 1944 (also known as the 1944 Havana Hurricane and 1944 Cuba-Florida Hurricane) was a large intense Category 3 hurricane TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1944 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 16 1944 and lasted until October 31 1944 7 billion |
| 8 | “Okeechobee” | 1928 | $33. The Okeechobee hurricane, or Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, was a deadly hurricane that struck the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1928 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1928 6 billion |
| 9 | Donna | 1960 | $26. Hurricane Donna in the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season was a Cape Verde-type hurricane which moved across the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1960 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 15, 1960, and lasted until 8 billion |
| 10 | Camille | 1969 | $21. Hurricane Camille was the third and strongest tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1969 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1969, and lasted until 2 billion |
| Main article: List of Atlantic hurricanes by cost | |||
The economic effects of the storm were far-reaching. The economic effects of Hurricane Katrina, which hit Louisiana and Mississippi in late August 2005 were far-reaching As of April 2006, the Bush Administration has sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region,[59] and this does not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the oil supply, destruction of the Gulf Coast's highway infrastructure, and exports of commodities such as grain. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Katrina damaged or destroyed 30 oil platforms and caused the closure of nine refineries;[28] the total shut-in oil production from the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month period following Katrina was approximately 24% of the annual production and the shut-in gas production for the same period was about 18%. An oil platform or oil rig is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill and/or extract oil and Natural gas through wells An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline [60] The forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as 1. 3 million acres (5,300 km²) of forest lands were destroyed. [61] The total loss to the forestry industry from Katrina is calculated to rise to about $5 billion. [61] Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed, which will have a trickle-down effect as fewer taxes are paid to local governments. Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana It is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion. [62]
Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States, which became the largest diaspora in the history of the United States. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic [63] Houston, Texas, had an increase of 35,000 people; Mobile, Alabama, gained over 24,000; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, over 15,000; and Hammond, Louisiana received over 10,000, nearly doubling its size. Baton Rouge (French Bâton-Rouge ˌbætən ˈruːdʒ in English, and in French) is the capital city of Louisiana. Hammond is the largest City in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States. Chicago received over 6,000 people, the most of any non-southern city. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. [64] By late January, 2006, about 200,000 people were once again living in New Orleans, less than half of the pre-storm population. [65] By July 1, 2006, when new population estimates were calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau, the state of Louisiana showed a population decline of 219,563, or 4. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 87%. [66] Additionally, some insurance companies have stopped insuring homeowners in the area because of the high costs from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, or have raised homeowners' insurance premiums to cover their risk. Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Hurricane Rita was the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense Tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico [67]
Environmental effects
- See also: Murphy Oil Spill (Chalmette, Louisiana)
Katrina also had a profound impact on the environment. The storm surge caused substantial beach erosion, in some cases completely devastating coastal areas. Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land or the removal of Beach or Dune Sediments by Wave action tidal currents, wave currents In Dauphin Island, approximately 90 miles (150 km) to the east of the point where the hurricane made landfall, the sand that comprised the barrier island was transported across the island into the Mississippi Sound, pushing the island towards land. Dauphin Island is a town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States, located on a Barrier island also named Dauphin Island The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A shoal or sandbar (also called sandbank) is a somewhat Linear Landform within or extending into a body of Water, The Mississippi Sound is a sound along the Gulf Coast of the United States. [68] The storm surge and waves from Katrina also obliterated the Chandeleur Islands, which had been affected by Hurricane Ivan the previous year. The Chandeleur Islands (Les Îles de Chandeleur are a chain of uninhabited Barrier islands approximately long located in the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Ivan was the strongest hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. [69] The US Geological Survey has estimated 217 square miles of land was transformed to water by the hurricanes Katrina and Rita. [70]
The lands that were lost were breeding grounds for marine mammals, brown pelicans, turtles, and fish, as well as migratory species such as redhead ducks. A pelican is a large water Bird with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the Bird family Pelecanidae. Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two The Redhead ( Aythya americana) is a medium-sized Diving duck, 37 cm long with an 84 cm wingspan [61] Overall, about 20% of the local marshes were permanently overrun by water as a result of the storm. In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject [61]
The damage from Katrina forced the closure of 16 National Wildlife Refuges. National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain Protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Breton National Wildlife Refuge lost half its area in the storm. [71] As a result, the hurricane affected the habitats of sea turtles, Mississippi sandhill cranes, Red-cockaded woodpeckers and Alabama Beach mice. Sea turtles ( Superfamily Chelonioidea) are Turtles found in all the world's oceans except the Arctic Ocean. The Sandhill Crane ( Grus canadensis) is a large crane of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. About the size of the Northern Cardinal, the Red-cockaded Woodpecker ( Picoides borealis) is approximately 8 The Alabama Beach Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates is a federally Endangered species which lives along the Alabama Coast. [71]
Finally, as part of the cleanup effort, the flood waters that covered New Orleans were pumped into Lake Pontchartrain, a process that took 43 days to complete. Lake Pontchartrain (ˈpɒntʃətreɪn in English Lac Pontchartrain IPA in French) is a brackish Lake [28] These residual waters contained a mix of raw sewage, bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides, toxic chemicals, and about 6. Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. 5 million U. S. gallons (24. 6 million L) of oil, which has sparked fears in the scientific community of massive numbers of fish dying. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is [61]
Looting and violence
- Further information: Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans
Shortly after the hurricane moved away on August 30, 2005, some residents of New Orleans who remained in the city began looting stores. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis Many were in search of food and water that were not available to them through any other means, as well as non-essential items. [72]
Reports of carjacking, murders, thefts, and rapes in New Orleans flooded the news. Carjacking is a Crime of stealing a motor vehicle when the vehicle is occupied Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Several news media later determined that the majority of reports were based on unfounded rumors. [73] Thousands of National Guard and federal troops were mobilized and sent to Louisiana along with numbers of local law enforcement agents from across the country who were temporarily deputized by the state. "They have M16s and are locked and loaded. M16 (more formally United States Rifle II Caliber 556 mm M16) is the U These troops know how to shoot and kill and I expect they will," Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco said. Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (born December 15, 1942) is a former Democratic Governor of Louisiana, having served from January 2004 until January Congressman Bill Jefferson (D-LA) told ABC News: "There was shooting going on. William Jennings "Bill" Jefferson (born March 14, 1947) is an American politician from the U This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American There was sniping going on. Over the first week of September, law and order was gradually restored to the city. "[74] Several shootings were between police and New Orleans residents, including a fatal incident at Danziger Bridge. The Danziger Bridge is a Vertical lift bridge which carries seven vehicular lanes of U [75]
A number of arrests were made throughout the affected area, including near the New Orleans Convention Center. An arrest is the act of depriving a person of his or her liberty usually in relation to the investigation and prevention of crime A temporary jail was constructed of chain link cages in the city train station. [76]
In Texas, where more than 300,000 evacuees are located, local officials have run 20,000 criminal background checks on the evacuees, as well as on the relief workers helping them and people who have opened up their homes. Most of the checks have found very little for police to be concerned about. [77] The number of homicides in Houston from September 2005 through February 22, 2006 went up by 23% relative to the same period a year before; 29 of the 170 murders involved displaced Louisianans as a victim or as a suspect. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [78]
Government response
Within the United States and as delineated in the National Response Plan, disaster response and planning is first and foremost a local government responsibility. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The National Response Plan is the United States national plan to respond to emergencies such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters When local government exhausts its resources, it then requests specific additional resources from the county level. The request process proceeds similarly from the county to the state to the federal government as additional resource needs are identified. Many of the problems that arose developed from inadequate planning and back-up communications systems at various levels. [79]
Some disaster recovery response to Katrina began before the storm, with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) preparations that ranged from logistical supply deployments to a mortuary team with refrigerated trucks. Disaster recovery is the process policies and procedures of restoring operations critical to the resumption of business including regaining access to data (records hardware software The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities A network of volunteers began rendering assistance to local residents and residents emerging from New Orleans and surrounding parishes as soon as the storm made landfall, and continued for more than six months after the storm. [79]
Of the 60,000 people stranded in New Orleans, the Coast Guard rescued more than 33,500. [80] Congress recognized the Coast Guard's response with an official entry in the Congressional Record,[81] and the Armed Service was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States Please see " Presidential Unit Citation " for other nations' versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units [82]
The United States Northern Command established Joint Task Force (JTF) Katrina based out of Camp Shelby, Mississippi, to act as the military's on-scene command on Sunday, August 28. United States Northern Command ( USNORTHCOM, or informally just NORTHCOM) is a Unified Combatant Command of the United States military. Camp Shelby is a military post whose North Gate begins at the southern boundary of Hattiesburg Mississippi, on United States Highway 49. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital [83] Approximately 58,000 National Guard personnel were activated to deal with the storm's aftermath, with troops coming from all 50 states. For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. [84] The Department of Defense also activated volunteer members of the Civil Air Patrol. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The Civil Air Patrol ( CAP) is the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF
Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, decided to take over the federal, state, and local operations officially on August 30, 2005, citing the National Response Plan. Michael B Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is the current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, and co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act The United States Secretary of Homeland Security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the body concerned with protecting the American homeland Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Response Plan is the United States national plan to respond to emergencies such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters [85] Early in September, Congress authorized a total of $62. 3 billion in aid for victims. [86] Additionally, President Bush enlisted the help of former presidents Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush to raise additional voluntary contributions, much as they did after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of A tsunami ((tsuːˈnɑːmi is a series of waves created when [87] American flags were also ordered to be half-staff from September 2, 2005 to September 20, 2005 in honor of the victims. Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating Half-staff or half-mast describes a Flag flying approximately halfway up a flagpole or ship's mast (though anywhere from one-third to two-thirds of the way up is acceptable Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [88]
FEMA provided housing assistance (rental assistance, trailers, etc. The term FEMA trailer,or FEMA travel trailer,is the name commonly given by the United States Government They provide intermediate term shelter intended to function ) to more than 700,000 applicants—families and individuals. However, only one-fifth of the trailers requested in Orleans Parish have been supplied, resulting in an enormous housing shortage in the city of New Orleans. The term FEMA trailer,or FEMA travel trailer,is the name commonly given by the United States Government They provide intermediate term shelter intended to function [89] To provide for additional housing, FEMA has also paid for the hotel costs of 12,000 individuals and families displaced by Katrina through February 7, 2006, when a final deadline was set for the end of hotel cost coverage. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. After this deadline, evacuees were still eligible to receive federal assistance, which could be used towards either apartment rent, additional hotel stays, or fixing their ruined homes, although FEMA no longer paid for hotels directly. [90] As of early July 2006, there are still about 100,000 people living in 37,745 FEMA-provided trailers. The term FEMA trailer,or FEMA travel trailer,is the name commonly given by the United States Government They provide intermediate term shelter intended to function [91]
Law enforcement and public safety agencies, from across the United States, provided a "mutual aid" response to Louisiana and New Orleans in the weeks following the disaster. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Emergency services, mutual aid is a agreement among Emergency responders to lend assistance across Jurisdictional Boundaries when required The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Many agencies responded with manpower and equipment from as far away as California, Michigan, Nevada, New York, and Texas. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. This response was welcomed by local Louisiana authorities as their staff were either becoming fatigued, stretched too thin, or even quitting from the job. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America [92]
Two weeks after the storm, more than half of the states were involved in providing shelter for evacuees. By four weeks after the storm, evacuees had been registered in all 50 states and in 18,700 zip codes—half of the nation's residential postal zones. Most evacuees had stayed within 250 miles (400 km), but 240,000 households went to Houston and other cities over 250 miles (400 km) away and another 60,000 households went over 750 miles (1,200 km) away. [93]
Criticism of government response
The criticisms of the government's response to Hurricane Katrina primarily consisted of condemnations of mismanagement and lack of leadership in the relief efforts in response to the storm and its aftermath. The criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina (a Competence is a standardized requirement for an individual to properly perform a specific job. The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading More specifically, the criticism focused on the delayed response to the flooding of New Orleans, and the subsequent state of chaos in the Crescent City. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana [44] The neologism Katrinagate was coined to refer to this controversy, and was a runner-up for "2005 word of the year. A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been "[94]
Within days of Katrina's August 29, 2005 landfall, public debate arose about the local, state and federal governments' role in the preparations for and response to the hurricane. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article covers the details of the Preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that devastated parts of Louisiana, Mississippi Criticism was prompted largely by televised images of visibly shaken and frustrated political leaders and of residents who remained in New Orleans without water, food or shelter. The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an The deaths of citizens by thirst, exhaustion, and violence days after the storm itself had passed also fueled the criticism, as did the treatment of people who had been evacuated to facilities such as the Louisiana Superdome. Thirst is the craving for liquids resulting in the basic Instinct of humans or animals to Drink. Violence is the exertion of force so as to injure or abuse The word is used broadly to describe the destructive action of natural phenomena like Storms and Earthquakes The Louisiana Superdome, often informally referred to simply as the Others alleged that race, class, and other factors could have contributed to delays in government response. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. The percentage of black victims among storm-related deaths (49%)[95] was below their proportion in the area's population (approx. 60%[96] ).
The government was accused of making things worse, instead of making things better, by preventing help by others while delaying its own response. In accordance with federal law, President George W. Bush directed the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, Michael Chertoff, to coordinate the Federal response. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States Secretary of Homeland Security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the body concerned with protecting the American homeland Michael B Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is the current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, and co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act Chertoff designated Michael D. Brown, head of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as the Principal Federal Official to lead the deployment and coordination of all federal response resources and forces in the Gulf Coast region. Michael DeWayne Brown (born November 8, 1954) was Undersecretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response (EP&R a division of the Department of Homeland The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities However, the President and Secretary Chertoff initially came under harsh criticism for what some perceived as a lack of planning and coordination. Eight days later, Brown was recalled to Washington and Coast Guard Vice Admiral Thad W. Allen replaced him as chief of hurricane relief operations. Admiral Thad William Allen, USCG (born January 16, 1949) is the twenty-third Commandant of the United States Coast Guard [97] Three days after the recall, Michael D. Brown resigned as director of FEMA in spite of having received praise from Bush with the now-well-known phrase, "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job. "[98]
On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, Kanye West was a featured speaker. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's A Concert for Hurricane Relief was an hour-long celebrity-driven benefit concert broadcasted live Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Controversy arose when West was presenting, as he deviated from the prepared script:
I hate the way they portray us in the media. You see a black family, it says, 'They're looting. ' You see a white family, it says, 'They're looking for food. ' And, you know, it's been five days [waiting for federal help] because most of the people are black. And even for me to complain about it, I would be a hypocrite because I've tried to turn away from the teacher-the TV because it's too hard to watch. I've even been shopping before even giving a donation, so now I'm calling my business manager right now to see what is the biggest amount I can give, and just to imagine if I was down there, and those are my people down there. So anybody out there that wants to do anything that we can help — with the way America is set up to help the poor, the black people, the less well-off, as slow as possible. I mean, the Red Cross is doing everything they can. We already realize a lot of people that could help are at war right now, fighting another way — and they've given them permission to go down and shoot us!
Mike Myers, with whom West was paired to present, spoke next and continued as normal by reading the script. Michael John "Mike" Myers (born May 25, 1963) is a Canadian Actor, Comedian, Screenwriter and Film producer Once it was West's turn to speak again, West delivered the controversial phrase "George Bush doesn't care about black people. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse " Although the camera quickly cut away to Chris Tucker, West's comments still reached the East Coast broadcasts, and was replayed or discussed afterwards. Christopher "Chris" Tucker (born August 31, 1972) is an American Actor and Comedian most widely known for his roles
Kanye West and Mike Myers met again on a brief sketch on Saturday Night Live, in which Myers joked that since the telethon, the government has stripped him of his American citizenship ("still got my Canadian citizenship to fall back on," Myers joked), and placed him under heavy government surveillance. Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City
Criticism from politicians, activists, pundits and journalists of all stripes was directed at the local and state and governments headed by Mayor Ray Nagin of New Orleans and Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco. Clarence Ray Nagin Jr (ˈneɪgɨn (born June 11, 1956) is the Mayor of New Orleans. Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (born December 15, 1942) is a former Democratic Governor of Louisiana, having served from January 2004 until January Nagin and Blanco were criticized for failing to implement New Orleans' evacuation plan and for ordering residents to a shelter of last resort without any provisions for food, water, security, or sanitary conditions. Perhaps the most important criticism of Nagin was that he delayed his emergency evacuation order until 19 hours before landfall, which led to hundreds of deaths of people who (by that time) could not find any way out of the city. Emergency evacuation is the movement of people from a dangerous place due to the threat or occurrence of a disastrous event [5]
The destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina raised other, more general public policy issues about emergency management, environmental policy, poverty, and unemployment. Emergency management (or disaster management) is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks Environmental policy is any (course of action deliberately taken (or not taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. The discussion of both the immediate response and of the broader public policy issues may have affected elections and legislation enacted at various levels of government. An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office Legislation (or " Statutory law " is law which has been promulgated (or " Enacted quot by a Legislature or other Governing In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The storm's devastation also prompted a Congressional investigation, which found that FEMA and the Red Cross "did not have a logistics capacity sophisticated enough to fully support the massive number of Gulf coast victims. " Additionally, it placed responsibility for the disaster on all three levels of government. [5]
An ABC News Poll conducted on September 2, 2005, showed slightly more blame was being directed at state and local governments (75%) than at the Federal government (67%), with 44% blaming President Bush's leadership directly. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American An opinion poll is a survey of Public opinion from a particular sample. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [99] A later CNN/USATODAY/Gallup poll showed that respondents disagreed widely on who was to blame for the problems in the city following the hurricane — 13% said Bush, 18% said federal agencies, 25% blamed state or local officials and 38% said no one was to blame. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. The Gallup Poll is the division of Gallup that regularly conducts public Opinion polls in the United States and more than 140 countries around the world [100]
International response
Over seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance. Notably, Cuba and Venezuela (both hostile to US government themselves) were the first countries to offer assistance, pledging over $1 million, several mobile hospitals, water treatment plants, canned food, bottled water, heating oil, 1,100 doctors and 26. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the 4 metric tons of medicine, though this aid was rejected by the U. S. government. [101] [102] [103] [104] Kuwait made the largest single pledge, $500 million; other large donations were made by Qatar ($100 million), South Korea ($30 million), Australia ($10 million), India, China (both $5 million), Pakistan ($1. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and 5 million),[105] and Bangladesh ($1 million). ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially [106]
Israel sent an IDF delegation to New Orleans to transport aid equipment including 80 tons of food, disposable diapers, beds, blankets, generators and additional equipment which were donated from different governmental institutions, civilian institutions and the IDF. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit [107] The Bush Administration announced in mid-September that it did not need Israeli divers and physicians to come to the United States for search and rescue missions, but a small team landed in New Orleans on September 10 to give assistance to operations already under way. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. The team administered first aid to survivors, rescued abandoned pets and discovered hurricane victims. [108]
Countries like Sri Lanka, which was still recovering from the Indian Ocean Tsunami, also offered to help. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of Countries including Canada, Mexico, Singapore, and Germany sent supplies, relief personnel, troops, ships and water pumps to aid in the disaster recovery. Canada's first response to the disaster inflicted by Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf of Mexico coastline of the United States was the deployment of a On August 30 2005 Mexican President Vicente Fox sent his condolences to President George W Following that devastation of the United States Gulf Coast by Hurricane Katrina, the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong, sent Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Belgium sent in a team of relief personnel. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Britain's donation of 350,000 emergency meals did not reach victims because of laws regarding mad cow disease. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [109] Russia's initial offer of two jets was declined by the U. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Many countries and international organizations offered the United States relief aid in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. S. State Department but accepted later. The French offer was also declined and requested later. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France was one of the first nations to offer aid to the United States in the wake [110]
Despite receiving aid from around the world, there was also a heavy dose of criticism from around the world including accusations of racism that were revealed at the international level across global press. Quotations from the UK Mirror such as "Many things about the United States are wonderful, but it has a vile underbelly which is usually kept well out of sight. Now in New Orleans it has been exposed to the world. " were common. [111]
Non-governmental organization response
The American Red Cross, Southern Baptist Convention, Salvation Army, Oxfam, Common Ground Collective, Emergency Communities, Habitat for Humanity, Service International, "A River of Hope" and many other charitable organizations provided help to the victims of the storm. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside The Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC) is a United States -based mostly conservative Christian denomination The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Oxfam International is a confederation of 13 organizations working with over 3000 partners in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice Common Ground Collective is a network of volunteer organizations offering support to the residents of New Orleans. Emergency Communities is a volunteer organization which formed after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 Habitat For Humanity International ( HFHI) (generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or simply Habitat) is an international Ecumenical They were not allowed into New Orleans proper by the National Guard for several days after the storm because of safety concerns. These organizations raised $4. 25 billion (USD) in donations by the public, with the Red Cross receiving over half of the donations. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [112]
Volunteers from amateur radio's emergency service wing, the Amateur Radio Emergency Service, provided communications in areas where the communications infrastructure had been damaged or totally destroyed, relaying everything from 911 traffic to messages home. Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a Hobby and a service in which participants called "hams" use various types of Radio communications In the United States and Canada, the Amateur Radio Emergency Service ( ARES) is a corps of trained Amateur radio operator volunteers organized [113] In Hancock County, Mississippi, ham radio operators provided the only communications into or out of the area, and even served as 911 dispatchers. Hancock County is the southernmost County of the US state of Mississippi, situated along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana [114]
Many corporations also contributed to relief efforts. On September 13, 2005, it was reported that corporate donations to the relief effort were $409 million, and were expected to exceed $1 billion. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [115]
During and after the Hurricanes Katrina, Wilma and Rita, the American Red Cross had opened 1,470 different shelters across and registered 3. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside 8 million overnight stays. A total of 244,000 Red Cross workers (95% of which were non-paid volunteers) were utilized throughout these three hurricanes. In addition, 346,980 comfort kits (such as toothpaste, soap, washcloths and toys for children) and 205,360 clean up kits (containing brooms, mops and bleach) were distributed. For mass care, the organization served 68 million snacks and meals to victims of the disasters and to rescue workers. The Red Cross also had its Disaster Health services meet 596,810 contacts, and Disaster Mental Health services met 826,590 contacts. Red Cross emergency financial assistance was provided to 1. 4 million families. Hurricane Katrina was the first natural disaster in the United States that the American Red Cross utilized its "Safe and Well" family location website. [116][117]
In the year following Katrina's strike on the Gulf Coast, The Salvation Army allocated donations of more than $365 million to serve more than 1. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. 7 million people in nearly every state. The organization's immediate response to Hurricane Katrina included more than 5. 7 million hot meals, 8. 3 million sandwiches, snacks & drinks. Its SATERN network of amateur radio operators picked up where modern communications left off to help locate more than 25,000 survivors. Salvation Army pastoral care counselors were on hand to comfort the emotional and spiritual needs of 277,000 individuals. As part of the overall effort, Salvation Army officers, employees and volunteers contributed more than 900,000 hours of service. [118]
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Southeastern Louisiana and Southern Mississippi, the areas were in hardship for skilled workers. Immigrants (legal and illegal) from Mexico and Honduras flocked into these regions by the thousands and performed the bulk of clean up and rebuilding peoples properties. American small business contractors hired these immigrants and taught them what they needed to know and the area was cleaned up and rebuilt at fair prices compared to local price gaugers. These immigrants worked 16 hours a day for little pay while the contractors made a huge profit. Immigrants from Mexico and Honduras are cursed by local contractors but heavily appreciated by the average homeowner who was devastated in these States.
Analysis of New Orleans levee failures
A June 2007 report released by the American Society of Civil Engineers states that the failures of the federally built levees in New Orleans' were found to be primarily the result of system design flaws. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana [119] The US Army Corps of Engineers who by federal mandate is responsible for the conception, design and construction of the region's flood-control system failed to pay sufficient attention to public safety. The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel The Flood Control Act of 1965, Title II of, was enacted on October 27 1965 by the 89th Congress and authorized the U
According to new modeling and field observations by a team from Louisiana State University, the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), a 200-meter (660 ft) wide canal designed to provide a shortcut from New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico, helped provide a funnel for the storm surge, making it 20% higher and 100%-200% faster as it crashed into the city. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, generally known as Louisiana State University or LSU, is a public, Coeducational The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal (also known as MRGO MR-GO or "Mr St. Bernard Parish, one of the more devastated areas, lies just south of the MRGO. The Army Corps of Engineers disputes this causality and maintains Katrina would have overwhelmed the levees with or without the contributing effect of the MRGO. The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel [120]
On April 5, 2006, months after independent investigators had demonstrated that levee failures were not caused by natural forces beyond intended design strength, Lieutenant General Carl Strock testified before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Energy and Water that "We have now concluded we had problems with the design of the structure. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "[121] He also testified that the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers did not know of this mechanism of failure prior to August 29, 2005. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The claim of ignorance is refuted, however, by the National Science Foundation investigators hired by the Army Corps of Engineers, who point to a 1986 study by the Corps itself that such separations were possible in the I-wall design. [122]
Various conspiracy theories began floating around that the levees were in fact deliberately demolished. A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment A number of New Orleans residents described hearing "explosions" coming from the Industrial Canal levee in the Lower 9th Ward before the floodwaters rushed in. A National Guard worker claims he was sworn to secrecy upon finding explosives residue at the site of the break. [123]
Many of the levees have been reconstructed since the time of Katrina. In reconstructing them, precautions were taken to bring the levees up to modern building code standards and to ensure their safety. For example, in every situation possible, the Corps of Engineers replaced I-walls with T-walls. T-walls have a horizontal concrete base that protects against soil erosion underneath the floodwalls. [124]
However, there are funding battles over the remaining levee improvements. In February 2008, the Bush administration requested that the state of Louisiana pay about $1. 5 billion of an estimated $7. 2 billion for Army Corps of Engineers levee work, a proposal which angered many Louisiana leaders. [125]
On May 2, 2008, Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal used a speech to The National Press Club to request that President Bush free up money to complete work on Louisiana's levees. Bush promised to include the levee funding in his 2009 budget, but rejected the idea of including the funding in a war bill, which would pass sooner. [126]
Media involvement
Many representatives of the news media reporting on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina became directly involved in the unfolding events, instead of simply reporting. The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public Because of the loss of most means of communication, such as land-based and cellular telephone systems, field reporters in many cases became conduits for information between victims and authorities.
The authorities, who monitored local and network news broadcasts, as well as internet sites, would then attempt to coordinate rescue efforts based on the reports. One illustration was when Geraldo Rivera of Fox News tearfully pleaded for authorities to either send help or evacuate the thousands of evacuees stranded at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center. The New Orleans Morial Convention Center (formerly the Ernest N [127]
The storm also brought a dramatic rise in the role of Internet sites - especially blogging and community journalism. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of One example was the effort of NOLA. com, the web affiliate of New Orleans' Times-Picayune, which was awarded the Breaking News Pulitzer Prize,[128] and shared the Public Service Pulitzer with the Biloxi-based Sun Herald. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, This article is about the United States newspaper For the Sunday newspaper in Sydney Australia see The Sun-Herald. [129] The newspaper's coverage was carried for days only on NOLA's blogs, as the newspaper lost its presses and evacuated its building as water rose around it on August 30. The site became an international focal point for news by local media, and also became a vital link for rescue operations and later for reuniting scattered residents, as it accepted and posted thousands of individual pleas for rescue on its blogs and forums. NOLA was monitored constantly by an array of rescue teams - from individuals to the Coast Guard - which used information in rescue efforts. Much of this information was relayed from trapped victims via the SMS functions of their cell phones, to friends and relatives outside the area, who then relayed the information back to NOLA. com. The aggregation of community journalism, user photos and the use of the internet site as a collaborative response to the storm attracted international attention, and was called a watershed moment in journalism. [130] In the wake of these online-only efforts, the Pulitzer Committee for the first time opened all its categories to online entries. [131]
The role of AM radio was of importance to the hundreds of thousands of persons with no other ties to news. AM radio provided emergency information regarding access to assistance for hurricane victims. Immediately after Hurricane Katrina, radio station WWL-AM (New Orleans) was one of the few area radio stations in the area remaining on the air. WWL is a US Radio station in New Orleans Louisiana broadcasting at 870 kHz, a Clear channel frequency on which it reaches The 870 kHz frequency has a clear channel high power designation and the on-going nighttime broadcasts continued to be available up to 500 miles (800 km) away. The term is also used in the context of T1 A clear channel, in its general sense is a communications channel, such as a radio Announcers continued to broadcast from improvised studio facilities after the storm damaged their transmitter tower.
During the period of several weeks when most area radio stations were off the air, WWL-AM's emergency coverage was simulcast on the frequencies of other area radio stations. This emergency service was named "The United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans. " To reach emergency radio operators in storm ravaged areas, many of whom made their volunteer services available to the Red Cross and government entities, WWL-AM was simulcast on shortwave outlet WHRI, owned by World Harvest Radio International. World Harvest Radio International (WHRI is a Shortwave radio station in the United States, broadcasting conservative religious programming worldwide in the English The cellular phone antenna network was severely damaged and completely inoperable for several months. The AM and shortwave radio efforts were crucial in coordinating rescue and relief efforts.
As the U. S. military and rescue services regained control over the city, there were restrictions on the activity of the media. On September 9, the military leader of the relief effort announced that reporters would have "zero access" to efforts to recover bodies in New Orleans. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Immediately following this announcement, CNN filed a lawsuit and obtained a temporary restraining order against the ban. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy An injunction is an Equitable remedy in the form of a Court order, whereby a party is required to do or interact with in certain ways all right or to refrain from The next day the government backed down and reversed the ban. [132]
Hurricane Katrina has also been the centerpiece of several documentary films including Spike Lee's film, When the Levees Broke, and Darren Martinez's film, Hellp. Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20 1957 is an Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated American Film director, When the Levees Broke A Requiem in Four Acts is a 2006 Documentary film directed by Spike Lee about the devastation of New Orleans [133]
Retirement
- See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
Because of the large loss of life and property along the Gulf Coast, the name Katrina was officially retired on April 6, 2006 by the World Meteorological Organization at the request of the U. This is a list of retired Atlantic hurricane names. Hurricane names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO in a meeting in March April or May The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. government. It was replaced by Katia on List III of the Atlantic hurricane naming lists, which will next be used in the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Due to their long-term persistence and the need for a unique identifier in issuing forecasts and warnings Tropical cyclones and Subtropical cyclones are given names according Due to their long-term persistence and the need for a unique identifier in issuing forecasts and warnings Tropical cyclones and Subtropical cyclones are given names according [134]
See also
- Hurricane on the Bayou
- List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Atlantic hurricanes
- List of storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
- List of tribute songs to Hurricane Katrina
- Louisiana State Police
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries - Enforcement Division
References
- ^ "Reports of Missing and Deceased. The film Hurricane on the Bayou is about the Wetlands of Louisiana before and after Hurricane Katrina. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of all recorded Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season Several musicians have recorded tribute songs to raise money for Hurricane Katrina survivors The Louisiana State Police (French La Police d'État de la Louisianne is the State police department of Louisiana, which has Jurisdiction anywhere The Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries – Enforcement Division (LDWF is the fish & game regulatory agency of Louisiana. " Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. April 18, 2006. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Deaths of evacuees push toll to 1,577. " New Orleans Times-Picayune. May 19, 2006. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Knabb, Richard D; Rhome, Jamie R. ; Brown, Daniel P (December 20, 2005; updated August 10, 2006). Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina: 23-30 August 2005 (PDF). National Hurricane Center. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service Retrieved on 2006-05-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ a b Swenson, Dan D; Marshall, Bob (May 14, 2005). Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Flash Flood: Hurricane Katrina's Inundation of New Orleans, August 29, 2005 (SWF). Times-Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
- ^ a b c d United States Congress (February 19, 2006). The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina (PDF), Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Government Printing Office (GPO is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. Retrieved on 2006-04-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama
- ^ Leben, Robert; Born, George; Scott, Jim. "CU-Boulder Researchers Chart Katrina's Growth In Gulf Of Mexico. " University of Colorado at Boulder. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University September 15, 2005. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05, and 2008-04-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Spann, James. "Models Shifting West," "NHC Shifting Track To MS Coast" and "Late Katrina Thoughts" from the ABC33/40 Weather Blog August 26, 2005. URL accessed July 23, 2006
- ^ Stewart, Stacy (August 26, 2005). Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hurricane Katrina Discussion No. 14, 5:00 p.m. EDT. National Hurricane Center. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service Retrieved on 2006-09-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers
- ^ Staff Writer. "Coast Guard Response to Hurricane Katrina. " United States Coast Guard. Accessed May 30, 2006. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Bruce Jones and David Callahan. Leadership Talent Emerges During Hurricane Katrina Aviation Rescue Operations. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved on 2006-08-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ Stephen Barr. "Coast Guard's Response to Katrina a Silver Lining in the Storm", The Washington Post, September 6, 2005. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708)
- ^ Bush, George W. "Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for Louisiana. " White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence August 27, 2005. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Transcripts, tape show Bush, Brown warned on Katrina", CNN. com, March 2, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-04-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
- ^ "NWS bulletin. " National Weather Service/New Orleans, Louisiana. The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana August 28, 2005. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off
- ^ "Former FEMA Director Testifies Before Congress", nytimes. com, 2005-09-27. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- ^ Bush, George W. "Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for Mississippi. " White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence August 28, 2005. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-09-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- ^ Bush, George W. "Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for Alabama. " White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence August 28, 2005. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-09-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- ^ "[1]. " Governor Blanco asks President to Declare an Emergency for the State of Louisiana due to Hurricane Katrina. August 27, 2005. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- ^ Louisiana Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness. Louisiana Citizen Awareness and Disaster Evacuation Guide. Retrieved on 2006-07-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
- ^ Rulon, Malia; Scott, Katerine Hutt. "Evacuation plan failed to consider those without transportation. " Burlington Free Press. March 11, 2006. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Brown, Aaron. "Hurricane Katrina Pummels Three States (Transcript of CNN Newsnight with Aaron Brown). " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner August 29, 2005. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Service Alert: Hurricane Katrina Update - City of New Orleans, Crescent, Sunset Limited - Revised Service Information. " Amtrak. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Hurricane Katrina Probabilities Report Number 15," & "Hurricane Katrina Probabilities Report Number 21. " National Hurricane Center. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service August 26, 2005. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Drye, Willie. "Hurricane Katrina Pulls Its Punches in New Orleans. " National Geographic. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural August 29, 2005. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Katrina Heads for New Orleans. " Fox News/Associated Press. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio August 29, 2005. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "26,000 shelter at Superdome. " Times-Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. August 28, 2005. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff writer. "Hurricane Katrina Situation Report No. 3. " Florida State Emergency Response Team. August 26, 2005. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. URL accessed on 2006-06-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ a b c d e f United States Department of Commerce (June 2006). The United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting Economic growth Hurricane Katrina Service Assessment Report (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France.
- ^ "Reports of Missing and Deceased. " Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. April 18, 2006. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Deaths of evacuees push toll to 1,577. " New Orleans Times-Picayune. May 19, 2006. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Michelle Krupa "Presumed Missing" Times-Picayune, March 5, 2006. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "The Aftermath of Katrina: Transcript of CNN Live Saturday. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 3, 2005. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Devenas, Andy "Marathon Tornado Survey Report. " NWS Key West. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Hurricane Katrina batters western Cuba. "
- ^ a b c Staff Writer. "Hurricane Katrina Situation Report#11. " Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) United States Department of Energy. The United States Department of Energy ( DOE) is a Cabinet -level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy August 30, 2005. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Cannizaro, Steve. "List of Missing Residents Down to 47, and More..." St. Bernard Parish Government (press release). December 17, 2005. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Murphy, Verity. "Fixing New Orleans' thin grey line. " BBC News. October 4, 2005. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Gordon, Meghan. "Causeway closed but hardly damaged. " Times Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. August 31, 2005. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Transcript from, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. For other uses see News Hour. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer is an evening Television News program broadcast "Hurricane Damages Gulf Coast. " PBS. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the August 29, 2005. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Mowbray, Rebecca. "Evacuations to hotels come with own set of hazards. " Times-Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. August 30, 2005. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Hurricane Katrina from the Airport's Point of View. " Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, formerly known as Moisant Field, while other names for it are Louis Armstrong International Airport and accessed May 28, 2006. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Warner, Coleman; Travis, Robert. "Where They Died. " Times-Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. October 23, 2005. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ O'Neill, Ann. "Identifying victims a grueling task. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 9, 2005. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ a b Thevenot, Brian; Russell, Gordon. "Reports of anarchy at Superdome overstated. " Seattle Times. The Seattle Times, one of two daily Newspapers serving Seattle Washington, United States, is the largest daily newspaper in the state of September 26, 2005. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ a b Haley Babour (January 6, 2006). Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Information Relating to the Federal Appropriations for Katrina Recovery. Office of the Governor, Mississippi. Retrieved on 2006-09-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
- ^ a b Staff Writer. "Mississippi Coast Areas Wiped Out. " CBS News. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency (November 2005). The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities Mississippi Hurricane Katrina Surge Inundation and Advisory Base Flood Elevation Map Panel Overview (PDF). FEMA. Retrieved on 2006-07-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
- ^ Associated Press, "Katrina at a Glance" (August 31, 2005), page 4A, Mobile Register, web: MobileRegister-083105-PDF.
- ^ Westbrook, Robby; WFO Peachtree City Staff. "Katrina Spawns Tornadoes in Georgia - August 29, 2005. " National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the December 1, 2005. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Tropical Summary Message. " The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. August 31, 2005. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ David Roth (2005). Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Summary. HPC. Retrieved on 2006-11-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ NCDC (2005). Event Report for Arkansas. Retrieved on 2006-11-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
- ^ Staff Writer. "Gov. Fletcher Declares Three Kentucky Counties Disaster Areas. " WKYT. WKYT-TV channel 27 is the CBS station in Lexington Kentucky, USA serving the east-central part of Kentucky. Accessed on April 18, 2006. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Blanton, Carla; Goins, Michael; Whitaker, Jodi. "Governor Fletcher declares state of emergency in Kentucky. " Commonwealth of Kentucky (Press Release). August 30, 2005. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Hopkinsville Swamped By Floodwaters; 10-Year-Old Drowns. " WAVE (TV). WAVE, "WAVE 3" is the NBC station in Louisville Kentucky. September 6, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Hurricane Katrina: Event Record Details. " Satellite and Information Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the Accessed May 30, 2006. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Perreault, Bob. "Brockville May Have Set Rain Record. " CFRA (AM). September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Remnants of Hurricane Katrina washes out roads in Quebec's north shore. " Canadian Press. The Canadian Press (often abbreviated as CP) is Canada 's national News agency established in 1917 as a vehicle to permit Canadian newspapers of the day September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ St. Onge, Jeff; Epstein, Victor. "Ex-chief says FEMA readiness even worse. " Boston. com. April 1, 2006. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Fagot, Caryl; Winbush, Debra. "Hurricane Katrina/Hurricane Rita Evacuation and Production Shut-in Statistics Report as of Wednesday, February 22, 2006. " U.S. Government Minerals Management Service. February 22, 2006. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ a b c d e Sheikh, Pervaze A. (October 18, 2005). Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Biological Resources (PDF). Congressional Research Service. The Congressional Research Service (CRS is the Public policy research arm of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Burton, Mark L. ; Hicks, Michael J. "Hurricane Katrina: Preliminary Estimates of Commercial and Public Sector Damages. " Marshall University: Center for Business and Economic Research. Marshall University is a Coeducational public Research university in Huntington West Virginia, founded in 1837 as a private subscription September, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Anthony E. Ladd, John Marszalek, and Duane A. Gill. The Other Dispora: New Orleans Student Evacuation Impacts and Responses Surrounding Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
- ^ Mema Ayi. "Katrina evacuees at home in Chicago", Chicago Defender, August 30, 2006. The Chicago Defender was the United States ’ largest and most influential black weekly newspaper by the beginning of World War I. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
- ^ Stone, Greg; Time Grant and Nathaniel Weaver (2006). Rapid Population Estimate Project: January 28 – 29, 2006 Survey Report (PDF). Emergency Operations Center, City of New Orleans. Retrieved on 2006-06-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
- ^ Christie, Les. "Growth states: Arizona overtakes Nevada: Texas adds most people overall; Louisiana population declines nearly 5%. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner December 22, 2006. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 22, 2006. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Staff Writer. "More Bad News Blows In From Katrina. " CBS News. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. May 28, 2006. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ United States Geological Survey (September 14, 2005). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Daupin Island - Pre- and Post-Storm 3D Topography. Hurricane Katrina Impact Studies. USGS. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ United States Geological Survey (September 14, 2005). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Before and After Photo Comparisons: Chandeleur Islands. Hurricane Katrina Impact Studies. USGS. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "USGS Reports Latest Land Change Estimates for Louisiana Coast", USGS National Wetlands Research Center, 3 Oct 2006, accessed 7 May 2008
- ^ a b United States Fish and Wildlife Service (September 9, 2005). Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Conducting Initial Damage Assessments to Wildlife and National Wildlife Refuges. USFWS. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ KLRT FOX 16, "Photos : Story in Pictures-- Hurricane Katrina : Aug 31: Looting in Mississippi. KLRT (also referred to as "Fox 16") is the FOX affiliate based out of Little Rock, owned by Clear Channel Communications in a duopoly " FOX16 Nowcaster Community (Little Rock, Arkansas). Little Rock is the Capital and the most populous city of the U August 31, 2005. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-09-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
- ^ Rosenblatt, Sarah; James Rainey. "Rita's Aftermath; Katrina Takes a Toll on Truth, News Accuracy", Main News; Part A; National Desk, Los Angeles Times, 2005-09-27, pp. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again A16. Archived from the original on 2005-10-04. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ Tapper, Jake. "Amid Katrina Chaos, Congressman Used National Guard to Visit Home. " ABC News. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American September 13, 2005. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Police kill at least 5 in New Orleans. " MSNBC. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. September 4, 2005. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "At the Train Station, New Orleans' Newest Jail is Open For Business. " KOMO-TV. KOMO-TV, is a Television station in Seattle Washington. It is affiliated with the ABC network. September 6, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Schubert, Elizabeth. "Some Katrina Evacuees at Camp Dawson Have Criminal Records. " Associated Press. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio September 18, 2005. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Louisiana Gangs That Fled Katrina Heighten Houston Murder Rate. " Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg Television is a network that airs Business and Financial news 24 hours a day and is distributed globally on ten separate channels March 3, 2006. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ a b U. S. Government (2006). The FEDERAL RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA: LESSONS LEARNED. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ United States Government Accountability Office (July 2006). The Government Accountability Office ( GAO) is the Audit, Evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. Coast Guard: Observations on the Preparation, Response, and Recovery Missions Related to Hurricane Katrina (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-08-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ United States Congress (September 21, 2005). The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Senate Resolution 246: To express the sense of the Senate regarding the missions and performance of the United States Coast Guard in responding to Hurricane Katrina. (PDF), Government Printing Office. The Government Printing Office (GPO is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. Retrieved on 2006-08-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ USCG Message Traffic: Award of the Presidential Unit Citation to the Coast Guard. United States Coast Guard (May 25, 2006). Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan
- ^ "Special Defense Department Briefing with Commander of Joint Task Force Katrina". United States Department of Defense, News Transcript. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Phillips, Kyra. "Bush Discusses Displaced Students; Department of Defense Briefs Press on Katrina Response (CNN Live Transcript). " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 6, 2005. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ California Political Desk. "Pelosi: Davis Report on Katrina Leaves Unfinished Business. " California Chronicle. February 15, 2006. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Baker, Peter; Goldstein, Amy. "Congress Approves $51.8 Billion For Victims. " Washington Post. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D September 9, 2005. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Bush, George W. "President Asks Bush and Clinton to Assist in Hurricane Relief. " White House, Press Release. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence September 1, 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050904-2.html.
- ^ Times-Picayune, September 26, 2005, page A-12. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Foster, Mary. "Judge: FEMA Off Hook For Hotel Costs. " CBC News. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs February 13, 2006. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency (July 7, 2006). Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hurricane Katrina Recovery Update: Week 44. FEMA. The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities Retrieved on 2006-07-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000
- ^ Treaster, Joseph B. (September 4, 2005). Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Law Officers, Overwhelmed, Are Quitting the Force. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-06-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
- ^ Quigley, Bill. "Six Months After Katrina: Who Was Left Behind Then and Who is Being Left Behind Now?" Center of Concern. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Clark, Heather. "Linguists Vote 'Truthiness' Word of 2005. " ABC News. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American January 6, 2006. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 18, 2006. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Updated Number of Deceased Victims Recovered Following Hurricane Katrina. Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (December 9, 2005). Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman
- ^ "New Orleans population statistics. " Associated Press. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio August 18, 2006. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
- ^ Meserve, Jeanne; Barrett, Ted. "Admiral takes over Katrina relief. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 9, 2005. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Office of the Press Secretary (September 2, 2005). Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. President Arrives in Alabama, Briefed on Hurricane Katrina. The White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Langer, Gary. "Poll: Bush Not Taking Brunt of Katrina Criticism. " ABC News. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American September 12, 2005. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 15, 2006. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Staff Writer. "Poll: Most Americans believe New Orleans will never recover. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 8, 2005. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 15, 2006. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Venezuela and Cuba offer US aid . " Al Jazeera, September 07, 2005. For the English-language channel see Al Jazeera English Al Jazeera (الجزيرة al-jazīrah,, meaning "The Island" Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ "Venezuela and Cuba offer aid to Katrina victims. " The Free Press, Volume 1, Issue 4. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- ^ "From abroad, offers of aid for Katrina victims. " People's Weekly World, Sept 10, 2005. The People's Weekly World (PWW is the newspaper associated with the Communist Party USA. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- ^ "France, Cuba, Venezuela among those offering aid. " USA Today, Sept 2, 2005. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- ^ Staff Writer. "U.S. Grateful for Pakistan's Assistance for Hurricane Katrina Victims. "Embassy of the United States. September 8, 2005. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Asian nations offer U.S. assistance. " BBC News. September 5, 2005. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Israel Aids Hurricane Katrina Victims. " MFA. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation September 5, 2005. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila
- ^ Jewish Virtual Library. "Israel's Aid to Hurricane Katrina Victims. " Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE
- ^ Staff Writer. "U.S. rejects British Katrina beef. " BBC News. October 15, 2005. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Staff Writer. "U.S. receives aid offers from around the world. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 4, 2005. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "KATRINA AND RACISM: The World View. " Tolerance. org. September 19, 2006. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
- ^ Staff Writer. "ARRL President Submits Congressional Testimony on Hams' Katrina Response" The American Radio Relay League. September 15, 2005. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writer. "Amateur Radio Earning Praise, Respect in Hurricane Katrina Relief. " The American Radio Relay League. September 16, 2005. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ "Corporate Katrina gifts could top $1B. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 13, 2005. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ A Year of Healing. American Red Cross (2006-09-29). The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
- ^ Hurricane Season 2005: Facts and Figures. American Red Cross (2006-09-29). The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
- ^ Salvation Army Reflects on Largest Disaster Response Ever at One-Year Anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. The Salvation Army (August 28, 2006). The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
- ^ American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
- ^ Warrick, Joby; Grunwald, Michael. "Investigators Link Levee Failures to Design Flaws. " Washington Post. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D October 24, 2005. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Staff Writers "Problems with the design of levees. " Unregistered News. Unregistered News is a news and review website The website is split into Politics, Science and Entertainment. September 29, 2005. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
- ^ Walsh, Bill. "Corps chief admits to 'design failure'", Times Picayune, April 06, 2006. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-04-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ New Orleans Levees Were Blown In 1927.
- ^ Crenson, Matt. "Levee Repairs to Be Finished By First Day of Hurricane Season", Associated Press, 2006-02-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Burdeau, Cain. "White House Budget for Levee Work Riles Many Louisiana Elected Officials", Associated Press, 2008-02-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Shields, Gerard (2008-05-03). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Jindal asks Bush for levee cash. Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ "Geraldo Rivera & Shepard Smith Unleashed. " — Video. 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ The Pulitzer Board (2006). 2006 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Breaking News Reporting. Retrieved on 2006-08-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ The Pulitzer Board (2006). 2006 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Public Service. Retrieved on 2006-08-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ Mark Glaser (September 13, 2005). Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. NOLA.com blogs and forums help save lives after Katrina. Online Journalism Review. Retrieved on 2006-08-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ Paul Steiger (May 22, 2006). Paul Steiger (born 1942 was managing editor of the Wall Street Journal from 1991 until May 15 2007 Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Remarks at Pulitzer Prize luncheon. The Pulitzer Board. Retrieved on 2006-08-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ Staff Writer. "U.S. won't ban media from New Orleans searches. " CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner September 11, 2005. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Britt, M. "Las Vegas Teen Helps Hurricane Victims In New Orleans", Las Vegas Daily Optic, December 19, 2005,
- ^ Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma "Retired" from List of Storm Names. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. NOAA (April 6, 2006). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on August 28, 2006. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
External links
- National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Katrina
- National Hurricane Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
- Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
- Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Information from HPC
- Observed Weather Conditions for New Orleans, LA - August 29, 2005 from the Farmers' Almanac Weather Time Machine
Disaster recovery
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Mississippi Emergency Management Agency
- Charity Navigator's detailed report on the Charitable Response to Hurricane Katrina
- Louisiana Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness
- Katrina's Angels Resource Coordination
- Dartmouth-Dillard Neighborhood Katrina Recovery Project
- Houston's Noble Experiment - An article in the City Journal
- Katrina disaster legal news and resources, JURIST
- Savings Pets from Another Katrina
- "Students Give NOLA Helping Hand", The Indypendent, January 10, 2007
- The KatrinaRitaVille Express Tour from Dollars & Sense magazine
Images
- Photo Collection of Katrina's Aftermath (Courtesy WWL-TV New Orleans)
- Hurricane Katrina's Aftermath Photos by StreetGangs.com
- Photographs and Video of Hurricane Katrina's Aftermath
- Weather satellite imagery (University of Wisconsin at Madison)
- NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive
- Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's Aftermath
- Churches of the Lower 9th Ward (post Hurricane Katrina)
- Civil Air Patrol, Illinois Wing Deployment (Hancock County, MS)
- New Orleans, Louisiana - Inside the homes of New Orleans residents after Hurricane Katrina
- Climate Report May Have Cut Katrina Impact - Analyst. The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service The US National Hurricane Center, located at Florida International University in Miami Florida, is the division of National Weather Service The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC is one of nine Service Centers under the umbrella of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP operating under This article is about the Farmers' Almanac; for a similarly titled publication see Old Farmer's Almanac. City Journal is a Quarterly Magazine, published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a free market think tank based out of New York JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Dollars & Sense is a Magazine dedicated to providing Left-wing perspectives on Economics. WWL-TV, channel 4 is the CBS affiliate serving New Orleans Louisiana, southeast Louisiana and parts of southern and coastal Mississippi.
- Photos of Katrina Damage four months after the storm.