| Category 4 hurricane (SSHS) | ||
|---|---|---|
 Hurricane Betsy in the Gulf of Mexico |
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| Formed | August 27, 1965 | |
| Dissipated | September 14, 1965 | |
| Highest winds |
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| Lowest pressure | 941 mbar (hPa; 27. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The bar (symbol bar) decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb are units of Pressure. 8 inHg) | |
| Fatalities | 76 direct | |
| Damage | $1. Inches of mercury, inHg or "Hg is a measuring unit for Pressure. 42 billion (1965 USD) $9. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 7 billion (2008 USD) |
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| Areas affected |
Windward Islands, Bahamas, south Florida and Florida Keys, Louisiana, inland Southern United States | |
| Part of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season |
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Hurricane Betsy was a powerful hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused enormous damage in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. This article is about the Caribbean island group For the eastern Society Islands in French Polynesia, see Windward Islands (Society Islands. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1965 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1965, and lasted until A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1965 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1965, and lasted until The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Betsy made its most intense landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River, causing significant flooding of the waters of Lake Pontchartrain into New Orleans; at the time it was the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States, and, as the first hurricane to cause over a billion dollars in damages (1965 dollars), earned the nickname "Billion-Dollar Betsy". The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Lake Pontchartrain (ˈpɒntʃətreɪn in English Lac Pontchartrain IPA in French) is a brackish Lake New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana
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Storm history
Betsy formed east of the Windward Islands, and moved north through the island chain as a tropical storm, at one point making a complete loop. This article is about the Caribbean island group For the eastern Society Islands in French Polynesia, see Windward Islands (Society Islands. When it was about 350 miles (560 km) east of Daytona Beach, Florida, and seemed to be on its way to hit the Carolinas, it turned back toward the southwest (making a second complete loop), passing over the Bahamas where winds on Great Abaco Island reached 147 mph (237 km/h). The Carolinas is a term used in the United States to refer collectively to the states of North and South Carolina. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and History First inhabited by the Lucayan, in 1783 the first European settlers of the islands were Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution Betsy travelled just north of Nassau, the biggest city in the Bahamas, where it stalled for about three hours, allowing its winds to pound the city. Nassau is the Capital, largest city and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
On September 7, Betsy continued moving toward the southwest toward extreme southern Florida. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the It passed over Key Largo at the eastern end of the Florida Keys on September 8, and then continued west along the Keys, as a Category 3 hurricane. Key Largo is an island in the upper Florida Keys archipelago and at long the largest of the Keys The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere Tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of Tropical depressions Hurricane-force winds were experienced in the Miami area for roughly twelve hours. At its landfall on Key Largo, Betsy had an exceptionally large eye (40 miles (65 km) in diameter). The eye is a region of mostly calm Weather found at the center of strong Tropical cyclones The eye of a Storm is a roughly circular area and typically 30–65 km
After crossing Florida Bay and entering the Gulf of Mexico, Betsy restrengthened, growing into a Category 4 storm with winds up to 155 mph (250 km/h), only one mile per hour short of qualifying for Category 5 status. Florida Bay is the shallow bay located between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world It continued northwestward, moving into Barataria Bay on the evening of September 9. Barataria Bay is located in Southeastern Louisiana, in Jefferson Parish and Plaquemines Parish, United States. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian It made its second U. S. landfall at Grand Isle, Louisiana, just west of the mouth of the Mississippi River, where it destroyed almost every building. Grand Isle (Grande-Île is a Town in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, located on a barrier island of the same name The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to At the time of landfall in Louisiana, Betsy was a strong Category 3 storm. [1] The storm travelled upriver, causing the Mississippi at New Orleans to rise by 10 feet (3 m). New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana
Preparations
The Baton Rouge weather bureau warned residents to get extra food that would not have to be cooked, or with little preparation. Baton Rouge (French Bâton-Rouge ˌbætən ˈruːdʒ in English, and in French) is the capital city of Louisiana. They also warned residents to store a water supply, have flashlights or other emergency light sources, and keep them at the ready. In addition, residents were told to fill the gasoline tanks of their cars, and check to make sure their battery powered radios had full charged batteries in them, and to secure any small boats immediately. [2]
Impact
Betsy was one of the most intense, deadly, and costly storms to make landfall in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The storm killed 76 people in Louisiana. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Betsy caused $1. 42 billion in damage, which when adjusted for inflation amounts to $10-12 billion (2005 USD). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Betsy was the first hurricane to cause damages in excess of $1 billion (based on damage at the time of the storm - many storms before then have inflation-adjusted damage over $1 billion); the storm thus earned the nickname "Billion-Dollar Betsy".
Gulf of Mexico
Eight offshore oil platforms were destroyed during Betsy, with others experiencing damage. A Shell oil platform off the Mouth of the Mississippi river was not seen again. Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins The oil rig Maverick, owned by future president George H. W. Bush's Zapata corporation also disappeared during the cyclone. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 It was insured by Lloyd's of London for US$5. For the film see Lloyd's of London (film. Lloyd's of London is a British Insurance market 7 million (1965 dollars). [3]
Louisiana
Hurricane Betsy slammed into New Orleans on the evening of September 9th, 1965. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian 110 mph winds and power failures were reported in New Orleans. [4] The eye of the storm passed to the southwest of New Orleans on a northwesterly track. The northern and western eyewalls covered Southeast Louisiana and the New Orleans area from about 8 pm until 4 am the next morning. In Thibodaux winds of 130 mph to 140 mph were reported. Thibodaux (pronounced "TIB-uh-doe" ˈtɪbədoʊ or "TIB-oh-doe" /ˈtɪbodoʊ/ is a small City in and the Parish seat of Lafourche [5] The Baton Rouge weather bureau operated under auxiliary power, without telephone communication. [6] Around 1 am, the worst of the wind and rain was over.
Betsy also drove a storm surge into Lake Pontchartrain, just north of New Orleans, and the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, a deep-water shipping channel to the east and south. Storm surge or tidal surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system typically a Tropical cyclone. Lake Pontchartrain (ˈpɒntʃətreɪn in English Lac Pontchartrain IPA in French) is a brackish Lake Levees for the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet along Florida Avenue in the Lower Ninth Ward and on both sides of the Industrial Canal failed. Lower Ninth Ward is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans. The flood water reached the eaves of houses in some places and over some one story roofs in the Lower Ninth Ward. An eave is the edge of a Roof. Eaves usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection Some residents drowned in their attics trying to escape the rising waters.
These levee breaches flooded parts of Gentilly, the Upper Ninth Ward, and the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans as well as Arabi and Chalmette in neighboring St. Gentilly is a broad predominantly middle-class and racially diverse section of New Orleans Louisiana. The Ninth Ward or 9th Ward is a distinctive region of New Orleans, Louisiana that is located in the easternmost downriver portion of the city Arabi is a Census-designated place (CDP in St Bernard Parish, Louisiana on the East Bank of the Mississippi River, between the Lower Chalmette is a Census-designated place (CDP in and the Parish seat of St Bernard Parish. President Lyndon Johnson visited the city, promising New Orleans Mayor Vic Schiro federal aid. Victor Hugo "Vic" Schiro ( May 6, 1904 - August 29, 1992) was an Italian-American New Orleans Louisiana
It was ten days or more before the water level in New Orleans went down enough for people to return to their homes. It took even longer than that to restore their flooded houses to a livable condition. Those who did not have family or friends with dry homes had to sleep in the shelters at night and forage for supplies during the day, while waiting for the federal government to provide emergency relief in the form of trailers.
In all, 164,000 homes were flooded at the second landfall.
Evidence suggests that cheap construction and poor maintenance of the structures led to the failure of the levees. However, popular rumor persists that they were intentionally breached, possibly as a means of salvaging the more prosperous French Quarter. The French Quarter, also known as Vieux Carré, is the oldest and most famous neighborhood in the city of New Orleans Louisiana. [7] Similar rumors abound in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.
Aftermath
- See also: Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Hurricane Protection Program came into existence as a result of Betsy. Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans has been an issue since the city's early settlement because of the city's location The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel The Corps built new levees for New Orleans that were both taller and made of stronger material, designed specifically to resist a fast-moving Category 3 hurricane like Betsy. The resulting levee improvements failed when Hurricane Katrina, a large, slow-moving, intense hurricane which hit New Orleans on August 29, 2005. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Retirement
- See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
Because of the significance of its damage, the name Betsy was retired from the recurring list of names for Atlantic hurricanes. This is a list of retired Atlantic hurricane names. Hurricane names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO in a meeting in March April or May It was replaced by the name Blanche for the 1969 season. TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 1969 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1969, and lasted until
External links
- Historic Images of Florida Hurricanes (State Archives of Florida)
- President Lyndon Johnson and the Response to Hurricane Betsy @ University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs
References
- ^ National Hurricane Center. The Most Intense Hurricanes in the United States 1851-2004. Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ U. S. Weather Bureau Office Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Local Statement No. 1. Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ U. S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service. History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in Southern Louisiana Interim Report: Volume I: Papers on the Evolving Offshore Industry. Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ U. S. Weather Bureau Office Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Local Statement No. 7. Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ U. S. Weather Bureau Office Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Local Statement No. 8 Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ U. S. Weather Bureau Office Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Local Statement No. 11 Retrieved on 2007-02-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ The Times-Picayune. The Times-Picayune is a daily Newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Rumor of levee dynamite persists Retrieved on 2007-06-09
See also
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