Hunan Province
Chinese : 湖南省 Húnán Shěng
Abbreviations: 湘  (pinyin: Xiāng)
Origin of name	湖 hú - lake 南 nán - south "south of Lake Dongting"
Administration type	Province
Capital (and largest city)	Changsha
CPC Ctte Secretary	Zhang Chunxian
Governor	Zhou Qiang
Area	211,800 km² (81,800 sq mi) (10th)
Population (2004)  - Density	66,980,000 (7th) 316 /km² (820 /sq mi) (13th)
GDP (2006)  - per capita	CNY 749. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Lake Dongting, or Dongting Lake ( is a large shallow Lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Changsha ( is the Capital city of Hunan, a province of south-central China, located on the lower reaches of Xiang river a branch of the The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Zhang Chunxian ( Traditional Chinese: 張春賢 Simplified Chinese: 张春贤 Hanyu Pinyin: Zhāng Chūnxián b Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 3 billion (13th) CNY 11,830 (20th)
HDI (2005)	0. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 751 (medium) (17th)
Major nationalities	Han - 90% Tujia - 4% Miao - 3% Dong - 1% Yao - 1%
Prefecture-level	14 divisions
County-level	122 divisions
Township-level†	2576 divisions
ISO 3166-2	CN-43
Official website http://www.hunan.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese)
Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005 ISBN 7503747382 Source for nationalities data: 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China ISBN 7105054255 † As at December 31, 2004

Hunan (help·info) (Chinese: 湖南; pinyin: Húnán) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning "south of the lake"^[1]). The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Tujia (土家族 Pinyin:Tǔjiāzú Endonym: Bizika 毕兹卡 with a total Population of over 8 million is the 6th largest ethnic The terms Hmong (m̥ɔ̃ŋ and Mong ( both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southern China. The Dong ( own name Gaeml, in the kɐm also referred to as Kam) people are an Ethnic group. The Yao nationality ( Traditional Chinese: 瑤族 Simplified Chinese: 瑶族 Pinyin: Yáo zú; Vietnamese: người Dao Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Lake Dongting, or Dongting Lake ( is a large shallow Lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Xiang River (also as Xiangjiang, Xiangjiang River, or simply as Xiang, Chinese: 湘江 湘水 or 湘 Pinyin: Xiāng Jiāng

Hunan borders Hubei in the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong to the south, Guangxi to the southwest, Guizhou to the west, and Chongqing to the northwest. ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Guangxi (or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;) is a Zhuang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. ( also spelled Kweichow) is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China The capital is Changsha. Changsha ( is the Capital city of Hunan, a province of south-central China, located on the lower reaches of Xiang river a branch of the

History

Hunan entered the written history of China around 350 BC, when under the kings of the Zhou dynasty it became part of the State of Chu. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and Until then Hunan was a land of primeval forests, occupied by the ancestors of the modern Miao, Tujia, Dong and Yao peoples, but starting at this time and for hundreds of years thereafter it was a magnet for migration of Han Chinese from the north, who cleared most of the forests and began farming rice in the valleys and plains. The terms Hmong (m̥ɔ̃ŋ and Mong ( both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southern China. The Tujia (土家族 Pinyin:Tǔjiāzú Endonym: Bizika 毕兹卡 with a total Population of over 8 million is the 6th largest ethnic The Dong ( own name Gaeml, in the kɐm also referred to as Kam) people are an Ethnic group. The Yao nationality ( Traditional Chinese: 瑤族 Simplified Chinese: 瑶族 Pinyin: Yáo zú; Vietnamese: người Dao Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. To this day, many of the small villages in Hunan are named after the Han families which originally settled there. Migration from the north was especially prevalent during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties Periods, when nomadic invaders overran the north. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Hunan was home to its own independent regime, Ma Chu. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. Chǔ (楚 was a kingdom in southern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period ( 907 - 960)

Hunan, was, together with Hubei, a part of the province of Huguang (湖廣) till the Qing dynasty. ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. Huguang ( was a province of China during the Yuan and Ming Dynasty. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China

Western Han painting on silk was found draped over the coffin in the grave of Lady Dai (c. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. According to Chinese tradition the history of silk begins in the 27th century BCE 168 BC) at Mawangdui near Changsha in Hunan province. Mawangdui ( is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China.

Hunan became an important communications center from its position on the Yangzi River (Changjiang) and on the Imperial Highway constructed between northern and southern China. Its land produced grain so abundantly that it fed many parts of China with its surpluses. The population continued to climb until, by the nineteenth century, Hunan was overcrowded and prone to peasant uprisings.

The Taiping Rebellion which began to the south in Guangxi Province in 1850 spread into Hunan and then further eastward along the Yangzi River valley, but ultimately it was a Hunanese army under Zeng Guofan which marched to Nanjing and put down the uprising in 1864. The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China Guangxi (or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;) is a Zhuang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Zeng Guofan ( Pinyin: Zēng Guófán Wade-Giles: Tseng Kuo-fan Styled Bóhán 伯函 and variably Díshēng 滌生 Posthumous ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles

Hunan was relatively quiet until 1910 when there were uprisings against the crumbling Qing dynasty, which were followed by the Communist's Autumn Harvest Uprising of 1927 led by Hunanese native Mao Zedong, which established a short-lived Hunan soviet in 1927. The Autumn Harvest Uprising ( was an Insurrection that took place in Hunan province and Jiangxi province China on September 7, Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led The Communists maintained a guerilla army in the mountains along the Hunan-Jiangxi border until 1934, when under pressure from the Nationalist (Kuomintang, KMT) forces they began the famous Long March to bases in Shaanxi Province. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River The Long March ( was a massive Military retreat undertaken by the Red Armies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP the forerunner of the People's Liberation ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess After the departure of the Communists, the KMT army fought against the Japanese in the second Sino-Japanese war, defending the capital Changsha until it fell in 1944, when Japan launched Operation Ichigo to control the railroad from Wuchang to Guangzhou (Yuehan Railway). The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the Operation Ichi-Go was a campaign of a series of major battles between the Imperial Japanese Army forces and the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of Wuchang District ( is one of the three towns together with Hankou and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Jingguang railway ( Chinese: 京广铁路/京廣鐵路 or 京广线/京廣綫 is a major artery Railway in the China connecting Beijing West railway Hunan was relatively unscathed by the civil war that followed the defeat of the Japanese in 1945, and in 1949 the Communists returned once more as the Nationalists retreated southward.

Being Mao Zedong's home province, Hunan supported the Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976, and was slower than most provinces in adopting the reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping in the years that followed Mao's death in 1976. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer

Former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji is also Hunanese. Zhū Róngjī (born 1 October 1928) is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991 before serving as Vice-Premier

Geography

Hunan Province is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River (Changjiang, 长江), about half way along its length. Shanghai lies 1000 km away, Beijing 1200 km away, and Guangzhou 500 km away. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city

Hunan is situated between 109°-114° east longitude and 20°-30° north latitude. Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the The east, south and west sides of the province are surrounded by mountains and hills, such as the Wuling Mountains to the northwest, the Xuefeng Mountains to the west, the Nanling Mountains to the south, and the Luoxiao Mountains to the east. The Wuling Range (武陵山脉 is located in Central China, running from Chongqing City and East Guizhou to West Hunan. The Xuefeng Mountains, are a mountain range of China in western Hunan province The Nanling ( Simplified: 南岭 Traditional: 南嶺 Pinyin: Nánlǐng are a group of mountain ranges of southern China running through Guangxi Luoxiao Mountains are a range of mountains located on the western border of Jiangxi, China. The mountains and hills occupy more than 80% of the area and the plain comprises less than 20% of the whole province.

The Xiangjiang, the Zijiang, the Yuanjiang and the Lishui Rivers converge on the Yangtze River at Lake Dongting (Dongting Hu, 洞庭湖) in the north of Hunan. The Xiang River (also as Xiangjiang, Xiangjiang River, or simply as Xiang, Chinese: 湘江 湘水 or 湘 Pinyin: Xiāng Jiāng The Zi Jiang (also Zishui River or Zi River; SChinese: 资江 or 资水 T The Yuan River ( or Chinese 沅水 pinyin Yuánshuǐ) is one of the four largest Rivers in Hunan province in southeast-central China, and is Lishui River (also known as Li River, Chinese language: 澧水， Pinyin: lǐ-shǔi is a River in Hunan province of China Lake Dongting, or Dongting Lake ( is a large shallow Lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. The center and northern parts are somewhat low and a U-shaped basin, open in the north and with Lake Dongting as its center. Most of Hunan Province lies in the basins of four major tributaries of the Yangtze River.

Lake Dongting is the largest lake in the province and the second largest freshwater lake of China. Lake Dongting, or Dongting Lake ( is a large shallow Lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. Due to the reclamation of land for agriculture, Lake Dongting has been subdivided into many smaller lakes, though there is now a trend to reverse some of the reclamation, which had damaged wetland habitats surrounding the lake. A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog

Hunan's climate is subtropical, with mild winters and plenty of precipitation. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of January temperatures average 3 to 8 °C while July temperatures average around 27 to 30 °C. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Average annual precipitation is 1200 to 1700 mm. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to

Administrative divisions

Hunan is divided into fourteen prefecture-level divisions, of which thirteen are prefecture-level cities and the remaining division an autonomous prefecture. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Autonomous prefectures are one type of Autonomous areas of China, existing at the prefecture level. The prefecture-level cities are:

Division of Hunan Province

• Changde (常德市 Chángdé Shì)
• Changsha (simplified Chinese: 长沙市; pinyin: Chángshā Shì)
• Chenzhou (郴州市 Chénzhōu Shì)
• Hengyang (衡阳市 Héngyáng Shì)
• Huaihua (怀化市 Huáihuà Shì)
• Loudi (娄底市 Lóudǐ Shì)
• Shaoyang (邵阳市 Shàoyáng Shì)
• Xiangtan (湘潭市 Xiāngtán Shì)
• Yiyang (益阳市 Yìyáng Shì)
• Yongzhou (永州市 Yǒngzhōu Shì)
• Yueyang (岳阳市 Yuèyáng Shì)
• Zhangjiajie (张家界市 Zhāngjiājiè Shì)
• Zhuzhou (株州市 Zhūzhōu Shì)

The autonomous prefecture:

• Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (湘西土家族苗族自治州 Xiāngxī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu)

The fourteen prefecture-level divisions of Hunan are subdivided into 122 county-level divisions (34 districts, sixteen county-level cities, 65 counties, seven autonomous counties). Changde (常德 is a city in the north of Hunan Province China, with a population of around 6000000 Changsha ( is the Capital city of Hunan, a province of south-central China, located on the lower reaches of Xiang river a branch of the Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Chenzhou ( Chinese: 郴州 Pinyin: Chēnzhōu is a city located in the southern area of Hunan province in China. Hengyang ( is the second largest city of China 's Hunan Province Huaihua ( Chinese: 怀化 Pinyin: Huáihuà is a Prefecture-level city in the Hunan province of China. Loudi ( is a city located in central Hunan province China. It is situated about 110km south west of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered Shaoyang ( is a prefecture-level city in Hunan province People's Republic of China. Xiangtan ( is a city located in the center of Hunan province China. Yiyang ( is a city in Hunan province China. In 2002 the city had a population of 4 Yongzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city in the Hunan province of China. Administration The Yueyang metropolitan area is made up of six outlying districts two special districts and the city proper Zhangjiajie ( Simplified Chinese: 张家界 is a Prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan province in China. Zhuzhou ( formerly Jianning, is a city in Hunan Province China, southeast of Changsha beside the Xiangjiang River Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Those are in turn divided into 2587 township-level divisions (1098 towns, 1158 townships, 98 ethnic townships, 225 subdistricts, and eight district public offices). Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.

See List of administrative divisions of Hunan for a complete list of county-level divisions. The administrative divisions of Hunan, a province of the People's Republic of China, consists of prefecture-level divisions subdivided into county-level See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted

Politics

Main article: Politics of Hunan

The Politics of Hunan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Politics of Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland

The Governor of Hunan is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Hunan. The Politics of Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Hunan Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Huanan CPC Party Chief". The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (Chinese 党委书记 variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party

Economy

Hunan's traditional crop is rice. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many The Lake Dongting area is an important center of ramie production, and Hunan is also an important center of tea cultivation. Lake Dongting, or Dongting Lake ( is a large shallow Lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea) is a Flowering plant in the Nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market

The Lengshuijiang area is noted for its stibnite mines, and is one of the major centers of antimony extraction in China. Lengshuijiang ( Chinese: 冷水江市 Pinyin: Lěngshǔijiāng is a County-level city in Hunan province of the People's Republic of China Stibnite, sometimes called antimonite, is a Sulfide Mineral with the formula Sb 2 S 3 Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and

Its nominal GDP for 2006 was 749. 3 billion yuan (US$96. 8 billion). In 2006, its per capita GDP was 11,830 yuan (US$1,530). [1]

Artistic

The Hunan Province is accredited with being filled with skilled craftsmen and women who create embroidered silks, carved jade and other skillfully hand made artistic goods of international quality.

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, the population of Hunan is 64,400,700 consisting of forty-one ethnic groups. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Its population grew 6. 17% (3,742,700) from its 1990 levels. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) According to the census, 89. 79% (57,825,400) identified themselves as Han people, 10. 21% (6,575,300) as minority groups. The minority groups are Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Hui, Bai, Zhuang, Uyghurs and so on. The Tujia (土家族 Pinyin:Tǔjiāzú Endonym: Bizika 毕兹卡 with a total Population of over 8 million is the 6th largest ethnic The terms Hmong (m̥ɔ̃ŋ and Mong ( both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southern China. The Dong ( own name Gaeml, in the kɐm also referred to as Kam) people are an Ethnic group. The Yao nationality ( Traditional Chinese: 瑤族 Simplified Chinese: 瑶族 Pinyin: Yáo zú; Vietnamese: người Dao The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Bai ( Endonym pɛ̀tsī are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia.

• List of Chinese ethnic groups

Culture

Wulingyuan

Zhangjiajie

Xiang is a subdivision of spoken Chinese that originates from Hunan. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Spoken Chinese ( comprises many regional variants the largest of which are Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, and Min.

Hunan cuisine is noted for its use of chili peppers. Hunan cuisine, sometimes called Xiang cuisine ( consists of the cuisines of the Xiang River region Dongting Lake and western Hunan Province The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade

Nü shu is a writing system that was used exclusively among women in Jiangyong County. Nü Shu ( is a Syllabary Writing system that was used exclusively among women in Jiangyong County in Hunan province of southern Jiangyong County ( is a county located in the southwestern part of the city of Yongzhou in the Hunan province of China.

Hunan's culture industry generated 87 billion yuan (US$11. 76 billion) in economic value in 2007, ^[2], a major contributor to the province's economic growth. The industry accounts for 7. 5 percent of the region's GDP - 0. 9 percentage points higher than the previous year.

In recent years, Hunan's cultural exports to the rest of China have been making a big impact. For instance, the Supergirl contest -- a Chinese version of American Idol -- was a significant and ground-breaking achievement for Chinese television. Super Girl or Super Voice Girls ( literally "Super Female Voice" was an annual national singing contest in People's Republic of China American Idol, with the full title American Idol The Search for a Superstar for the first season only is an American reality-competition It included live broadcast, voting by mobile phones, and featured quirky and atypical characters. Another television export has been the television cartoon series Blue Cat.

The gross profit for the Supergirl contest in 2005, for example, was 17. 79 million yuan (US$ 2. 48 million). As a result of programs like Supergirl, Golden Eagle Broadcasting System's Hunan satellite television channel has become the most-watched regionally-produced channel in China, with over 5. 6 billion viewers. According to Golden Eagle, its programming also airs in the US, Japan, and Europe.

The local government started developing its cultural industry earlier than other cities, which is the main reason why they are ahead. There is a mature entertainment chain and standardized management in Hunan`s cultural industry. A prime example of this is Golden Eagle Broadcasting System.

Tourism

• Shaoshan chong, the village where Mao Zedong was born. Shaoshan ( is a County-level city in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led
• Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (World Heritage Site)
• Yueyang Pagoda in Yueyang. Wulingyuan ( is a scenic and historic interest area in Hunan Province, China, famous for its approximately 3100 tall Quartzite Sandstone A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Administration The Yueyang metropolitan area is made up of six outlying districts two special districts and the city proper
• Hengshan in Hengyang. Mount Heng ( Chinese: 衡山 Pinyin: Héng Shān known in China as Nan Yue (南岳 Nányuè is located in Hunan and is one of the Five Hengyang ( is the second largest city of China 's Hunan Province
• Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie ( Simplified Chinese: 张家界 is a Prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan province in China.
• Feng Huang. Fenghuang are mythological Chinese birds that reign over all other birds
• Hong Jiang.

Education

Colleges and universities

• Central South University
• Changsha University of Science and Technology
• Hunan University of Science and Technology
• Changsha University
• Hunan University
• Hunan Normal University
• Xiangtan University
• Jishou University
• Yuelu Academy of Classical Learning
• Xiangnan University

Sports

Professional sports teams in Hunan include:

• Chinese Football Association Jia League
  • Hunan Xiangjun

See also

• List of laojiaos in Hunan

Notes

External links

• Hunan Government website
• Hunan travel guide from Wikitravel