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CGI image of two frogmen with Siebe Gorman CDBA rebreathers riding a human torpedo.
CGI image of two frogmen with Siebe Gorman CDBA rebreathers riding a human torpedo. Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics A frogman is someone who is trained to dive or swim in a military capacity often in combat The Clearance Divers Breathing Apparatus (CDBA is a type of Rebreather made by Siebe Gorman in England. A rebreather is a type of Breathing set that provides a Breathing gas containing Oxygen and recycled exhaled gas

Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes were secret naval weapons of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The name is most commonly used to refer to the weapons that Italy and later Britain deployed in the Mediterranean and used to attack ships in enemy harbours. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences) or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the Weather or are stored It is a type of Diver Propulsion Vehicle. A Diver Propulsion Vehicle or a DPV is an item of Diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase their range while underwater where their endurance is

These were electrically propelled torpedoes with two crewmen equipped with diving suits riding astride. The modern torpedo (historically called an automotive automobile locomotive or fish torpedo is a self-propelled explosive Projectile weapon launched above or below Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Islandjpg|thumb|A man dives into the Great South Bay of Long Island. They steered the torpedo at slow speed to the enemy ship. The detachable warhead was then used as a limpet mine. Typically a warhead is the Explosive material and Detonator that is delivered by a Missile, Rocket, or Torpedo. A naval mine is a self-contained Explosive device placed in water to destroy Ships or Submarines Unlike Depth charges mines are deposited They then rode the torpedo away.

In operation the torpedo was carried by another vessel (usually a normal submarine), and launched near the target. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Most manned torpedo operations were at night and during the new moon to cut down the risk of being seen. This article is about the lunar phase for other uses see New Moon (disambiguation. The idea was successfully applied by the Italian navy (Regia Marina) early in World War II and then copied by the British when they discovered the Italian operations. The Regia Marina ( Italian Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The official Italian name for their craft was Siluro a Lenta Corsa (SLC = "Slow-running torpedo"), but the Italian operators nicknamed it maiale (Italian for "pig"; plural maiali) because it was difficult to steer. The British copies were named Chariot.

A typical manned torpedo has a propeller and hydroplanes at the rear, side hydroplanes in front, and a control panel and controls for its front rider. A hydroplane (or hydro, or thunderboat) is a type of Motorboat used exclusively for racing It usually has two riders who sat facing forwards. It has navigation aids such as a compass, and nowadays modern aids such as sonar and GPS positioning and modulated ultrasound communications gear. A compass, magnetic compass or mariner's compass is a navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the earth's Magnetic poles It consists Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth Ultrasound can be modulated to carry an audio signal (like radio signals are modulated It may have an air (or other breathing gas) supply so its riders do not have to drain their breathing sets while they are riding it. In some the riders' seats are enclosed; in some the seats are open at the sides like in sitting on a horse; seat design includes providing room for the riders' swimfins (if used). It has flotation tanks (typically four: left fore, right fore, left aft, right aft) which can be flooded or blown empty to adjust buoyancy and attitude. In Physics, buoyancy ( BrE IPA: /ˈbɔɪənsi/ is the upward Force on an object produced by the surrounding liquid or gas in which it is Aircraft attitude is used to mean two closely related aspects of the situation of an aircraft in flight

A timeline of manned torpedo events

Human torpedo pioneer Major Teseo Tesei, of the Regia Marina, was killed during an operation in 1941.
Human torpedo pioneer Major Teseo Tesei, of the Regia Marina, was killed during an operation in 1941. Major Teseo Tesei ( Elba, 1909 - Malta, July 26, 1941) was an Italian naval officer who invented the Human torpedo (called "Maiale"
For other events, see Operations of X Flottiglia MAS and British commando frogmen. The Decima Flottiglia MAS ( Decima Flottiglia M ezzi d' As salto also known as La Decima or Xª MAS) ( Italian for "10th Britain's commando frogman force is now the SBS, which is part of the Royal Marines.

Manned torpedoes after 1945

Some nations including Italy have continued to make and keep manned torpedoes after 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Italian manned torpedo, a maiale, at Gosport Submarine Museum
Italian manned torpedo, a maiale, at Gosport Submarine Museum

Makes of manned torpedoes

Italian

For information on Italian manned torpedo operations, see Italian commando frogmen. COMSUBIN ( Com ando Raggruppamento Sub acquei ed In cursori Teseo Tesei) is the elite Italian combat Frogman force and

British

For information on British manned torpedo operations, see British commando frogmen. Britain's commando frogman force is now the SBS, which is part of the Royal Marines.

German

There were other types which never ran into production.
For information on German manned torpedo operations, see German commando frogmen. This article is about Germany's commando frogmenFor other nations' commando frogmen and information about frogmen in general see Frogman.

Japanese

Soviet

USA

There are pictures and descriptions of modern USA Chariot-like underwater frogman-carriers used by SEAL's, here:-

Museums

Movies and fiction

Chariots for sport diving

At least two makes of chariot-like diver-riders for sport divers were in the diving gear trade for a while since 1960.
One of those makes was tradenamed "Dolphin" and was made on the Isle of Wight in the 1960s or 1970s: both its ends tapered to a point. A trade name, also known as a trading name or a business name, is the name which a Business trades under for commercial purposes although its registered The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the
Another make was USA-made and looked like a wartime chariot but its hull was thinner.

References

Błotniak
Błotniak

See also

External links

A frogman is someone who is trained to dive or swim in a military capacity often in combat A wet sub is a type of underwater vehicle ( Submarine) that does not provide a dry environment for its occupants
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