A settlement is a term used in archeology, landscape history and other subjects for a permanent or temporary community in which people live. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Landscape history is the study of the way in which mankind has changed the physical appearance of the environment - both present and past A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. The medieval settlement research group (a British organisation)[1] includes as part of a settlement, associated features such as roads, enclosures, field systems, boundary banks and ditches, ponds, parks and woods, mills, manor houses, moats and churches.
Settlements can be ordered by size (or some other factor such as availability of services) to define a settlement hierarchy. A settlement hierarchy is a way of arranging settlements into a Hierarchy based upon their population or some other criteria