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List of bones of the human skeleton
List of bones of the human skeleton

Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. A typical Adult Human skeleton commonly consists of 206 208 or more bones depending on the method used in counting The term morphology in Biology refers to the outward appearance ( Shape, Structure, Colour, Pattern) of an Organism The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. [1] Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration [1] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. [1] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, which includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues),[1] and cytology (the study of cells). A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Histology (from the Greek = 'tissue' is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of Plants and Anatomy, physiology (the study of function) and biochemistry (the study of the chemistry of living structures) are complementary basic medical sciences which are usually taught together (or in tandem). Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as

In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,[1] through common roots in evolution; for example, much of the human body maintains the ancient segmental pattern that is present in all vertebrates with basic units being repeated, which is particularly obvious in the vertebral column and in the ribcage, and can be traced from very early embryos. Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the Anatomy of Organisms It is closely related to Evolutionary biology and Phylogeny eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes

The human body consists of biological systems, that consist of organs, that consist of tissues, that consist of cells and connective tissue. Systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary study field that focuses on the systematic study of complex interactions in biological systems, thus using a new perspective In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue)

The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. The history of Anatomy as a Science extends from the earliest examinations of sacrificial victims to the sophisticated analyses of the body performed by In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Methods have also advanced dramatically, advancing from examination of animals through dissection of preserved cadavers (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

Contents

Study

A full articulated human skeleton used in education
A full articulated human skeleton used in education

Generally, medical students, dentists, physiotherapists, nurses, paramedics, radiographers, artists, and students of certain biological sciences, learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures, and tutorials. The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual Bones supported and supplemented by Ligaments Tendons Muscles and Cartilage Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically A paramedic is a medical professional usually a member of the emergency medical service, who primarily provides Pre-hospital advanced medical and A radiologic technologist, or radiographer, is a healthcare professional who creates medical images of the body to help health care providers diagnose and treat illness and injury The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope; and in addition, medical and dental students generally also learn anatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers (dead human bodies). Histology (from the Greek = 'tissue' is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of Plants and A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Dissection (also called anatomization) is usually the process of disassembling and observing something to determine its internal structure and as an aid to discerning the function A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by all medical doctors, especially surgeons, and doctors working in some diagnostic specialities, such as histopathology and radiology. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Histopathology (from the Greek histos (tissue and pathos (suffering refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations Radiology is the medical specialty directing Medical imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases

Human anatomy, physiology and, biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically;[1] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format,[2][3] in line with modern teaching methods. Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook

Regional groups

Major organ systems

Superficial anatomy

Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in human anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily identified from the contours or other reference points on the surface of the body. Superficial Anatomy (also called surface anatomy) is a descriptive science dealing with anatomical features that can be studied by sight without dissecting [1] With knowledge of superficial anatomy, physicians gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health

Common names of well known parts of the human body, from top to bottom:

Internal organs

Common names of internal organs (in alphabetical order) :

Adrenals — Appendix — Bladder — Brain — Eyes — Gall bladder — Heart — Intestines — Kidney — Liver — Lungs — Esophagus — Ovaries — Pancreas — Parathyroids — Pituitary — Prostate — Spleen — Stomach — Testicles — Thymus — Thyroid — Uterus — Veins

Brain

Main article: Human brain

Amygdala — Brain stem — Cerebellum — Cerebral cortex — Limbic system — medulla — midbrain — pons

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Introduction page, "Anatomy of the Human Body". Henry Gray. 20th edition. 1918. In Mammals the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangle-shaped Endocrine glands that sit on top of the Kidneys their In Human anatomy, the appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal appendix; also vermix) is a blind ended tube connected to the In Anatomy, the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic organ that sits on the Pelvic floor in Mammals It is the The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic In Anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the Stomach to the Anus and in humans and other mammals consists The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in "Ovaria" redirects here This is also a proposed section and a Synonym of Solanum. The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine Glands in the neck usually located behind the Thyroid gland, which produce Parathyroid hormone. The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an Endocrine gland about the size of a Pea. The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before" "protector" "guardian" is a The spleen is an organ found in all Vertebrate animals In humans the spleen is located in the abdomen of the body where it functions in the destruction of redundant Red In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male In Human anatomy, the thymus is an organ located in the upper Anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the Sternum. The thyroid is one of the largest Endocrine glands in the body The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The human brain controls the Central nervous system (CNS by way of the Cranial nerves and Spinal cord, the Peripheral nervous system (PNS The la amygdalae ( Latin, also la corpus amygdaloideum, singular la amygdala, from Greek el αμυγδαλή grc-Latn amygdalē, 'almond' The brain stem (or brainstem) is the lower part of the Brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the Spinal cord. The cerebellum ( Latin: "little brain" is a region of the Brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception The cerebral cortex is a structure within the Brain that plays a key role in Memory, Attention, perceptual Awareness, Thought, The limbic system, or Paleomammalian brain is a term for a set of brain structures including the Hippocampus and Amygdala and anterior thalamic nuclei and a limbic The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the Brainstem. It deals with autonomic functions such as breathing and blood pressure In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a structure located on the Brain stem. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration A body orifice is any external opening in the body of an animal Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Human biology is an Interdisciplinary Academic field of Biology, Biological anthropology, Nutrition and Medicine which The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The major systems of the Human body are Cardiovascular system: the blood circulation with Heart, arteries and Veins * Digestive This is a list of human anatomical parts named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Eponym. The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed Data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body in order to facilitate Anatomy visualization Anatomical regions of the brain are listed vertically following hierarchies that are standard in Neuroanatomy. A typical Adult Human skeleton commonly consists of 206 208 or more bones depending on the method used in counting This is a table of Muscles of the Human anatomy. There are approximately 640 Skeletal muscles within the typical human and almost every muscle constitutes one There are about 210 known distinct human Cell types. Keratinizing epithelial cells Epidermal Keratinocyte (differentiating Retrieved on 27 March 2007.
  2. ^ Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (UK). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3. Retrieved on 27 March 2007.
  3. ^ Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (US). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3. Retrieved on 27 March 2007.

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