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"Incredible Hulk", "The Hulk" and "The Incredible Hulk" redirect here. For the 1978 TV show, see The Incredible Hulk (TV series). The Incredible Hulk is an American Television series based on the Marvel Comic book character of the same name. For the upcoming film, see The Incredible Hulk (film). The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 Superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character For other uses, see Hulk.
The Hulk

Variant cover art for The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #92 (April 2006)
by Bryan Hitch. Bryan Hitch (born 1970 is a British Comic book artist He is the co-creator and artist of The Authority and The Ultimates
Publication information
Publisher Marvel Comics
First appearance The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962)
Created by Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
In story information
Alter ego Robert Bruce Banner
Team affiliations Warbound
Avengers
Defenders
Pantheon
Hulkbusters (Banner)
Notable aliases Joe Fixit, The Green Scar, War
Abilities Superhuman strength, stamina, and durability
Regenerative healing factor
Genius level intellect in certain incarnations

The Hulk is a fictional character that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc In Comic books and other stories with a long history first appearance refers to the first occurrence to feature a Fictional character. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book The Warbound is a group of Fictional characters in the. They first joined forces in The Incredible Hulk vol The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Defenders is a name of a number of Marvel Comics Superhero group — usually presented as a "non-team" of individualistic "outsiders" each The Pantheon is a fictional organization appearing in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Hulkbusters is the name of three Fictional organizations that have appeared in various Comic book series published by Marvel Comics. The Horsemen of Apocalypse is a team of Fictional Supervillain characters that appear in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. This is a listing of powers and abilities possessed by the Hulk, a fictional Comic book Superhero in the Marvel Comics universe A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Marvel Comics is an American comic book company owned by Marvel Publishing Inc The character first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book After physicist Dr. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Robert Bruce Banner was caught in the blast of a gamma bomb he created, he was transformed into the Hulk, a giant, raging monster. Gamma rays (denoted as &gamma) are a form of Electromagnetic radiation or light emission of frequencies produced by sub-atomic particle interactions The character, both as Banner and the Hulk, is frequently pursued by the police or the armed forces, often as a result of the destruction he causes. While the coloration of the character's skin varies during the course of its publication history, the Hulk is most often depicted as green. Hulk is one of Marvel Comics' most recognized characters.

The character has appeared in a television series, with spin-off television movies, starring Bill Bixby as Dr. The Incredible Hulk is an American Television series based on the Marvel Comic book character of the same name. Bill Bixby (born Wilfred Bailey Bixby on January 22, 1934 – November 21, 1993) was an American Film and Banner and Lou Ferrigno as the Hulk; in animated series in 1966, 1982 and 1996; and in two feature films: Hulk (2003), directed by Ang Lee and starring Eric Bana as Banner, and the The Incredible Hulk (2008) directed by Louis Leterrier, starring Edward Norton as Banner. Louis Jude Ferrigno (born November 9 1951 is an American bodybuilder and Actor. The Incredible Hulk was an animated television party with lots of men and women they all had massive parts based on the Marvel Comics character of The Incredible Hulk is an American Animated television series starring the Marvel Comics character the Hulk. See also Hulk (video game Hulk (also known as The Hulk) is a 2003 Superhero film based on the fictional Ang Lee ( (born October 23, 1954) is an Academy Award -winning Film director from Taiwan. Eric Bana (born Eric Banadinovich; 9 August 1968 is an Australian Film and Television Actor. The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 Superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Louis Leterrier (born June 17 1973 in Paris France is a French Film director whose most notable films include The Transporter and Transporter

Contents

Publication history

Debut and first series

The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Paul Reinman.
The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Paul Reinman. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book Paul Reinman ( 2 September 1910, Germany — 27 September 1988) was an American Comic book Artist

The Hulk debuted in The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962), by writer Stan Lee, penciller and co-plotter Jack Kirby, and inker Paul Reinman. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber; December 28, 1922) is an American Writer, editor, creator of comic book characters A penciller (or penciler) is one of a number of types of Artists working within the Comic book industry Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book The inker is one of the two line artists in a traditional Comic book, or Graphic novel. In the first issue, the Hulk was grey. Writer and Marvel editor-in-chief Lee had wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. [1] Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the grey coloring, resulting in different shades of grey, and even green, in the issue. Stan Goldberg aka Stan G (born 1932, in New York City) is an American Comic book Artist best known for his work as a flagship Stan Lee picked the uncommon color, green. From issue #2 (July 1962) on, Goldberg colored the big brute's skin green. [2] Green was used in retellings of the origin, even to the point of reprints of the original story being re-colored, for the next two decades. The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 (Dec. 1984), reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story. This was reaffirmed in vol. 2, #318 (April 1986), which showed the Hulk was grey at the time of his creation. Since then, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring.

The original series was canceled after six issues, with the finale cover-dated March 1963. Lee had written each story, with Kirby penciling the first five issues and Steve Ditko penciling and inking the sixth. Steve Ditko (born 2 November 1927) is an American Comic book Artist and Writer best known as the co-creator of the The character immediately guest-starred in Fantastic Four #12 (March 1963), and months later became a founding member of the Avengers appearing in just the first two issues of that superhero team's eponymous series (Sept. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. & Nov. 1963), and returning as an antagonist in issues #3 and #5 (Jan. & May 1964). He then guest-starred in The Amazing Spider-Man #14 (July 1964). The Amazing Spider-Man is the name of several media Presentations which feature the Marvel Comics Superhero Spider-Man,

Around this time, co-creator Jack Kirby received a letter from a college dormitory stating the Hulk had been chosen as its official mascot. [3] Kirby and Lee realized their character had found an audience in college-age readers.

Tales to Astonish

Tales to Astonish #60 (Oct. 1964). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Sol Brodsky.
Tales to Astonish #60 (Oct. 1964). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Sol Brodsky. Sol Brodsky (born April 22, 1923, Brooklyn, New York City New York, United States; died June 4, 1984) was an

A year and a half after the series was canceled, the Hulk became the backup feature in Tales to Astonish in issue #60 (Oct. Tales to Astonish is the name of two American Comic book series and a one-shot comic published by Marvel Comics. 1964). In the previous issue, he appeared as the antagonist for Giant-Man, star of the book. Giant-Man is the alias used by a number of Marvel Comics' fictional characters: Henry Pym, the original character who has also used other alias like Ant-Man These new stories were initially scripted by Lee and illustrated by the team of penciller Steve Ditko and inker George Roussos. Steve Ditko (born 2 November 1927) is an American Comic book Artist and Writer best known as the co-creator of the The inker is one of the two line artists in a traditional Comic book, or Graphic novel. George Roussos, also known as "George Bell" (August 20 1915 Washington DC, United States – February 19 2000 Southside Hospital Other artists later in this run included Jack Kirby from #68-84 (June 1965 - Oct. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book 1966), doing full pencils or, more often, layouts for other artists; Gil Kane, credited as "Scott Edwards", in #76 (Feb. Eli Katz ( April 6, 1926, Riga, Latvia – January 31, 2000, Miami Florida, United States) who 1966); Bill Everett (inking Kirby, #78-84 (April-Oct. William Blake "Bill" Everett, also known as William Blake and Everett Blake ( May 18, 1917, Cambridge Massachusetts – 1966)); and John Buscema. John Buscema, born Giovanni Natale Buscema (December 11 1927&ndashJanuary 10 2002 was an American Comic-book Artist and one of the mainstays Marie Severin finished out the Hulk’s run in Tales to Astonish; beginning with issue #102 (Apr. Marie Severin (born 21 August, 1929, Oceanside New York) is an American Comic book Artist and Colorist best 1968) the book was retitled The Incredible Hulk, and ran until March 1999, when Marvel canceled the series, and then restarted the title with a new issue #1.

This run of stories introduced readers to recurring villains such as the Leader, who would become the Hulk's arch-nemesis,[4] and the Abomination, another gamma-irradiated being, but stronger than the Hulk. The Leader (Samuel Sterns is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Abomination ( Emil Blonsky) is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published [4] In issue #77 (March 1966), the Hulk's identity became publicly known.

1970s

The Incredible Hulk was published through the 1970s and also made guest appearances in other titles. In 1977, following the debut of the eponymous television series, Marvel launched a second title, The Rampaging Hulk, a comics magazine targeted to the show's audience. [4] Writers also introduced Banner’s cousin Jennifer Walters, the She-Hulk, who was featured in a title of her own. She-Hulk ( Jennifer Susan Walters) is a Marvel Comics superheroine Created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Buscema, she Banner gave some of his blood to Walters in a transfusion, and the gamma radiation affected her, but she maintained most of her intellect. Banner’s guilt about causing her change became another part of his character.

Writers changed numerous times during the decade. At times, the creative staff included Archie Goodwin, Chris Claremont, and Tony Isabella, Len Wein handled many of the stories through the 1970s, working first with Herb Trimpe, then in 1975, with Sal Buscema, who was the regular artist for 10 years. Archie Goodwin ( September 8, 1937 &ndash March 1, 1998) was an American Comic book writer editor and artist Chris Claremont (born November 30, 1950) is a writer of American Comic books known for his 16-year (1975-1991 stint on Uncanny X-Men Tony Isabella (born December 22, 1951) is an American Comic book writer and commentator best known as the creator and writer of Marvel Herbert "Herb" Trimpe (b May 26, 1939, Peekskill New York) is an American Comic book artist and occasional writer best Silvio "Sal" Buscema (born on January 26, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York) is an American Comic Harlan Ellison plotted a story, scripted by Roy Thomas, for issue #140 (Jun 1971), "The Brute that Shouted Love at the Heart of the Atom". Harlan Jay Ellison (born May 27, 1934) is a prolific American Writer of Short stories, Novellas, Teleplays Roy Thomas (born November 22 1940, Missouri, United States) is a Comic book Writer and editor, and

1980s and 1990s

Following Roger Stern, Bill Mantlo took over the writing with issue #245 (March 1980). Roger Stern (born September 17 1950) is an American Comic book Author and Novelist. Bill Mantlo (born November 9, 1951) is an American Comic-book Writer, primarily at Marvel Comics, and an Attorney His Crossroads of Eternity stories, which ran from issue #300 (Oct. 1984) to #313 (Nov. 1985), explored the idea that Banner had suffered child abuse. Child abuse is the physical, psychological or sexual maltreatment of children Greg Pak, a later writer on The Incredible Hulk volume 2, called Mantlo's Crossroads stories one of his biggest influences on approaching the character. Greg Pak is an American New York -based film director/comic book writer [5] After five years, Mantlo and artist Mike Mignola left the title for Alpha Flight,[6] and writer John Byrne worked on the series, followed briefly by Al Milgrom, before new regular writer Peter David took over. Mike Joseph Mignola (born September 16, 1960) is an American Comic book Artist and Writer, famous for creating the comic Alpha Flight is a Fictional group a Marvel Comics Superhero team noteworthy for being one of the few Canadian superhero teams John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the Allen "Al" Milgrom is an American Comic book Writer, Penciller, Inker and editor, primarily for Marvel Comics For the Grenadian politician see Peter David (politician. Peter Allen David (often abbreviated PAD) (born September 23

David became the writer of the series with issue #331 (May 1987), marking the start of a 12-year tenure. David's run altered Banner's pre-Hulk characterization and the nature of Banner and the Hulk's relationship. David returned to the Stern and Mantlo abuse storylines, expanding the damage caused, and depicting Banner as suffering dissociative identity disorder (DID). Dissociative Identity Disorder ( DID) as defined by the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM David's stories showed that Banner had serious mental problems long before he became the Hulk. David revamped his personality significantly, giving the Grey Hulk the alias 'Joe Fixit', and setting him up as a morally ambiguous Vegas enforcer and tough guy. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally David worked with numerous artists over his run on the series, including Dale Keown, Gary Frank, Terry Dodson, Mike Deodato, Jr., George Pérez, and Adam Kubert. Dale Keown is a Canadian Comic book artist from Grande Prairie Alberta Gary Frank (born 1969 is a British Comic book Artist and Penciller, notable for his work on Midnight Nation Terrence "Terry" Dodson is an American Comic book Artist and Penciller. Mike Deodato (born May 23, 1963 in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil) sometimes credited as Mike Deodato Jr George Pérez (born June 9, 1954) is an illustrator and writer of Comic books born of Latin-American (Puerto-Rican descent Adam Kubert (born October 6, 1959 in Boonton New Jersey) is an American Comic book Artist whose work has been published [4].

In issue #377 (Jan 1991), David revamped the Hulk again, using a storyline involving hypnosis to have the splintered personalities of Banner and Hulk synthesize into a new Hulk who has the vast power of the Savage Hulk, the cunning of the Grey Hulk, and the intelligence of Bruce Banner.

In the 1993 Future Imperfect miniseries, writer David and penciller George Pérez introduced readers to the Hulk of a dystopian future. A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes George Pérez (born June 9, 1954) is an illustrator and writer of Comic books born of Latin-American (Puerto-Rican descent A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society Calling himself the Maestro, the Hulk rules over a world where most of the heroes have been killed, and only Rick Jones and a small band of rebels fight against The Maestro’s rule. The Maestro is a Fictional character, a Comic book Supervillain, appearing in publications from Marvel Comics. Although The Maestro seemed to be destroyed by the end, he returned in The Incredible Hulk #460 (Jan 1998), also written by David.

In 1998, David followed editor Bobbie Chase's suggestion to kill Betty Ross. In the introduction to the Hulk trade paperback Beauty and the Behemoth, David said that his wife had recently left him, providing inspiration for the storyline. Marvel executives used Ross' death as an opportunity to push the idea of bringing back the Savage Hulk. David disagreed, leading to his parting ways with Marvel. [7] His last issue of Hulk was #467 (Aug 1998), his 137th.

Also in 1998, Marvel relaunched The Rampaging Hulk, this time as a standard comic book rather than as a comics magazine.

Relaunch

Following David's departure, Joe Casey took over as writer though the series' relaunch after issue #474 (March 1999). Joe Casey is an American Comic book writer He has worked on titles such as Wildcats 3 Hulk vol. 2[8] began immediately the following month, scripted by John Byrne and penciled by Ron Garney. John Lindley Byrne (born July 6 1950) is a British -born Canadian - American author and artist of Comic books Since the Ron Garney is a Comic book artist Biography He has worked on JLA, The Amazing Spider-Man, Captain America Byrne departed before the first year was over, citing creative differences. [9] Erik Larsen and Jerry Ordway briefly filled scripting duties in his place, and the title returned to The Incredible Hulk vol. Erik J Larsen (born December 8, 1962) is an American Comic book writer artist and publisher Jerry Ordway (born November 28, 1957) is an American Writer, Penciller and Inker of Comic books He 3[10] with the arrival of Paul Jenkins in issue #12 (March 2000). There are many people named Paul Jenkins: Paul Jenkins, British comic-book writer

Jenkins wrote a story arc in which Banner and the three Hulks (Savage Hulk, Grey Hulk, and the Merged Hulk, now considered a separate personality and referred to as the Professor) are able to mentally interact with one another, each personality taking over their shared body. During this, the four personalities (including Banner) confront yet another submerged Hulk, a sadistic Hulk intent on attacking the world for revenge. [11] Jenkins also created John Ryker in issue #14 (May 2000), a ruthless military general in charge of the original gamma bomb test responsible for the Hulk's creation, and who plans to create similar creatures. General John Ryker is a Fictional character, an enemy of the Hulk in the Marvel Universe. Ryker's actions briefly result in Banner becoming the sadistic Hulk before the four other personae subdue the beast.

Bruce Jones followed as the series' writer, and his run features Banner using yoga to take control of the Hulk while he is pursued by a secret conspiracy and aided by the mysterious Mr. Bruce Jones, whose Pen names include Philip Roland and Bruce Elliot, is an American Comic book Writer, Novelist Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Blue. Jones appended his 43-issue Incredible Hulk run with the limited series Hulk/Thing: Hard Knocks #1-4 (Nov. A limited series is a term originated by Marvel Comics referring to a Comic book series with a set number of issues 2004 - Feb. 2005) , which Marvel published after putting the ongoing series on hiatus.

Peter David, who had initially signed a contract for the six-issue Tempest Fugit limited series, returned as writer when it was decided to make the story, now only five parts, part of the ongoing series instead. [12] David contracted to complete a year on the title. Tempest Fugit revealed that Nightmare has manipulated the Hulk for years, tormenting him in various ways for "inconveniences" that the Hulk had caused him, including the sadistic Hulk Jenkins had introduced. Nightmare is a Fictional character, a Supernatural being who has appeared in many Marvel Comics stories most commonly as one of Doctor Strange [13] After a four-part tie-in to the House of M crossover and a one-issue epilogue, David left the series once more, citing the need to do non-Hulk work for his career's sake. House of M is an eight-issue Comic book Limited series and crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics in 2005. A fictional crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete Fictional characters, settings or universes into the context of a single This article is about the literary epilogue See Epilogue (disambiguation for other uses of "Epilogue" or "Epilog" [14]

Planet Hulk and World War Hulk

Main article: World War Hulk
Promotional art for World War Hulk #1 by David Finch.
Promotional art for World War Hulk #1 by David Finch. World War Hulk is a Comic book crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics in 2007, featuring the Hulk. World War Hulk is a Comic book crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics in 2007, featuring the Hulk.

In the 2006 crossover storyline "Planet Hulk" by writer Greg Pak, a secret group of superhero leaders, the Illuminati, consider the Hulk an unacceptable potential risk to Earth, and rocket him into space to live a peaceful existence on a planet uninhabited by intelligent life. Greg Pak is an American New York -based film director/comic book writer The Illuminati is a fictional group of Superheroes who joined forces and secretly work behind the scenes in the Marvel Universe. After a trajectory malfunction, the Hulk crashes on the violent planet Sakaar. Weakened by his journey, he is captured and eventually becomes a gladiator who scars the face of Sakaar's tyrannical emperor. Gladiators (gladiatores "swordsmen" or "one who uses a sword" from la ''gladius'' "sword" were professional fighters in Ancient Rome who fought In modern usage a tyrant is a single ruler holding absolute power over a State or within an Organization. The Hulk becomes a rebel leader and later usurps Sakaar's throne through combat with the red king and his armies.

After Hulk's rise to emperor, the vessel used to send Hulk to Sakaar explodes, killing millions in Sakaar's capital, including his pregnant queen, Caiera. Caiera is a character in the Marvel Comics Universe created during the "Planet Hulk" storyline The damage to the tectonic plates destroys the planet and kills most of its population. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere

The Hulk, enraged, returns to Earth with the remnants of Sakaar's citizens, and his allies, the Warbound, seeking retribution against the Illuminati. The Warbound is a group of Fictional characters in the. They first joined forces in The Incredible Hulk vol After laying siege to Manhattan, New York City, the Hulk learns one of his allies was responsible for the explosion. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The City of New York He reverts to his Bruce Banner form and is taken into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody. SHIELD is a fictional, Comic-book Espionage and Law-enforcement agency in the Marvel Comics universe.

Retitling and new Hulk series

As of #112 (Jan. 2008), the series was retitled The Incredible Hercules, though it was officially changed the next month, still written by Greg Pak but starring the mythological demigod Hercules and teenaged genius Amadeus Cho, who wanted to help Hulk's forces in World War Hulk. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" The term " demigod " meaning "half-god" is used to describe mythological figures whose one parent was a god and whose other parent was human Hercules is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Amadeus Cho is a Fictional character created by Greg Pak and Takeshi Miyazawa. The series focuses on the aftermath of "World War Hulk" storyline, and Hercules' and Cho's status as fugitives.

Marvel also launched a new volume of Hulk, written by Jeph Loeb and drawn by Ed McGuiness. Joseph "Jeph" Loeb III is an Emmy and WGA nominated American Film and Television Writer, producer and award-winning Edward "Ed" McGuinness is an American Comic book Artist and Penciller, best known for his work on Superman The series opens with an investigation into the appearance of a new Hulk; a Red Hulk, and reveals that Bruce Banner is no longer comatose, and is imprisoned by the US military until he escapes and confronts the Red Hulk. Red Hulk is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Characterization

Bruce Banner

The core of the Hulk, Bruce Banner has been portrayed differently by different writers, but common themes persist. Banner is a genius but emotionally withdrawn in most fashions. A genius is a person of great Intelligence or remarkable abilities in a specific subject who shows an exceptional natural capacity of intellect and/or ability especially [4] Banner designed the gamma bomb which causes his affliction, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been one of the most persistent common themes. [3] Arie Kaplan describes the character thus: “Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, always wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he can’t form meaningful bonds with anyone. ” [15]

Throughout the Hulk's published history, writers have continued to frame Bruce Banner in these themes. Under different writers, his fractured personality led to transformations into different versions of the Hulk. These transformations are usually involuntary, and often writers have tied the transformation to emotional triggers, such as rage and fear. As the series has progressed, different writers have adapted the Hulk, changing Hulk's personality to reflect changes in Banner's physiology or psyche. Writers have also refined and changed some aspects of Banner's personality, showing him as emotionally repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solving problems posed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation to figure out the events transpiring around him. When Banner has controlled the Hulk's body, he has applied principles of physics to problems and challenges and used deductive reasoning.

The Hulk

During the experimental detonation of a gamma bomb, scientist Bruce Banner rushes to save a teenager who has driven onto the testing field. Pushing the teen, Rick Jones, into a trench, Banner himself is caught in the blast, absorbing massive amounts of radiation. He awakens later in an infirmary, seeming relatively unscathed, but that night transforms into a lumbering grey form that breaks through the wall and escapes. A soldier in the ensuing search party dubs the otherwise unidentified creature a "hulk". [16]

The original version of the Hulk was often shown as simple and quick to anger. His first transformations were triggered by sundown, and his return to Banner by dawn; later, emotions triggered the change. Although grey in his debut, difficulties for the printer led to a change in his color to green. In the origin tale, the Hulk divorces his identity from Banner’s, decrying Banner as "that puny weakling in the picture". [16] From his earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding sanctuary and quiet,[3] and often is shown reacting emotionally to situations quickly. Grest and Weinberg call Hulk the ". . . dark, primordial side of [Banner's] psyche. "[17]. Even in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third person. The Hulk retains a modest intelligence, thinking and talking in full sentences, and Lee even gives the Hulk expository dialogue in issue six, allowing readers to learn just what capabilities the Hulk has, when the Hulk says, “But these muscles ain't just for show! All I gotta do is spring up and just keep goin'!" In Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, Les Daniels addresses the Hulk as an embodiment of cultural fears of radiation and nuclear science. He quotes Jack Kirby thus: "As long as we're experimenting with radioactivity there's no telling what may happen, or how much our advancements may cost us. " Daniels continues "The Hulk became Marvel's most disturbing embodiment of the perils inherent in the atomic age. "[18]

Though usually a loner, the Hulk helped form both the Avengers[19] and the Defenders. The Avengers is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Defenders is a name of a number of Marvel Comics Superhero group — usually presented as a "non-team" of individualistic "outsiders" each [20] He was able to determine that the changes were now triggered by emotional stress. [21]

Fantastic Four #12 (March 1963), featured the Hulk's first battle with the Thing, as well as a new way for Banner to transform into Hulk, by using a gamma ray machine of his own design to trigger the change. The Fantastic Four is a fictional Superhero team appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Thing ( Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm) is a Fictional character, a founding member of the Superhero team known as the Fantastic Four Although many early Hulk stories involve General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross trying to capture or destroy the Hulk, the main villain is often, like Hulk, a radiation based character, like the Gargoyle or the Leader, along with other foes such as the Toad Men, or Asian warlord General Fang. General Thaddeus E "Thunderbolt" Ross is a Fictional character of Marvel Comics. For the comic book series about the Disney show see Gargoyles (comics Gargoyle is a name shared by two Fictional characters appearing The Leader (Samuel Sterns is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Ross' daughter, Betty, loves Banner and criticizes her father for pursuing the Hulk. General Ross' right-hand man, Major Glenn Talbot, also loves Betty and is torn between pursuing the Hulk and trying to gain Betty's love more honorably. Major (later Colonel Glenn Talbot is a Fictional character and an armed Villain in the Marvel Comics universe. Rick Jones serves as the Hulk's friend and sidekick in these early tales.

Stan Lee and others have compared The Hulk in these early tales to the misunderstood creature Frankenstein's Monster[3], a concept Lee had wanted to explore. Lee also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish myth. In Jewish folklore, a golem (גולם sometimes as in Yiddish, pronounced goilem) is an animated being created entirely from inanimate matter [3] In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War [17] and the threat of nuclear attack, an interpretation shared by Weinstein in Up, Up, and Oy Vey. [3] Kaplan calls Hulk ‘schizophrenic’. [15] Jack Kirby has also commented upon his influences in drawing the character, recalling as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book [22]

In the 1970s, Hulk was shown as more prone to anger and rage, and less talkative. Writers played with the nature of his transformations,[23] briefly giving Banner control over the change, and the ability to maintain control of his Hulk form.

Hulk stories began to involve other dimensions, and in one, Hulk met the empress Jarella. Jarella is a Fictional character from Marvel Comics. Along with Betty Ross Banner and Caiera, she was one of the Hulk's great Jarella used magic to bring Banner’s intelligence to Hulk, and came to love him, asking him to become her mate. Though Hulk returned to Earth before he could become her king, he would return to Jarella's kingdom of K'ai again. K'ai is a fictional location in the Marvel Universe. It first appeared in Incredible Hulk #140 (Jun 1971 and was created by Harlan Ellison

When Bill Mantlo took on writing duties, he led the character into the arena of political commentary when Hulk traveled to Tel Aviv, Israel, encountering both the violence of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Jewish Israeli heroine Sabra. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Sabra ( Ruth Bat-Seraph) is a Fictional character published by Marvel Comics. Soon after, Hulk encountered the Arabian Knight, a Bedouin superhero. Arabian Knight is a title used by three Fictional characters appearing in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously [3]

Under Mantlo's writing, a mindless Hulk was sent to the "Crossroads of Eternity", where Banner was revealed to have suffered childhood traumas which engendered Bruce's repressed rage. [24]

Having come to terms with his issues, at least for a time, Hulk and Banner physically separated under John Byrne's writing. Separated from the Hulk by Doc Samson,[25] Banner was recruited by the U. Doc Samson (Dr Leonard Samson) is a Fictional character, a Superhero and Psychiatrist in the Marvel Comics universe S. government to create the Hulkbusters, a government team dedicated to catching Hulk. Banner and Ross married,[26] but Byrne's change in the character was reversed by Al Milgrom, who reunited the two personas,[27] and with issue #324, returned the Hulk to his grey coloration after a second visit to K'ai and his one time love, Jarella.

Shortly after returning to Earth, Hulk took on the identity of "Joe Fixit," a shadowy behind the scenes figure, working in Las Vegas on behalf of a crooked casino owner, Michael Berengetti. [28] For months, Banner was repressed in Hulk’s mind, but slowly began to reappear. Hulk and Banner began to change back and forth again at dusk and dawn, as the character initially had, but this time, they worked together to advance both their goals, using written notes as communication. In The Incredible Hulk #333, the Leader describes the Grey Hulk persona as strongest during the night of the new moon and weakest during the full moon. The Leader (Samuel Sterns is a Fictional character that appears in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Eventually, the green Hulk began to re-emerge. [29]

In issue #377, David revamped the Hulk again. Doctor Leonard Samson engages the Ringmaster's services to hypnotize Bruce Banner and force him, the Savage Hulk (Green Hulk) and Mr. The Ringmaster (real name Maynard Tiboldt) is a fictional Supervillain who is featured in Marvel Comics. Fixit (Grey Hulk) to confront Banner's past abuse at the hands of his father, Brian Banner. During the session, the three identities confront a ‘Guilt Hulk’, which sadistically torments the three with the abuse of Banner’s father. Facing down this abuse, a new, larger and smarter Hulk emerges and completely replaces the "human" Bruce Banner and Hulk personae. This Hulk is a culmination of the three aspects of Banner. He has the vast power of the Savage Hulk, the cunning of the grey Hulk and the intelligence of Bruce Banner.

Peter David then introduces the Hulk to the Pantheon, a secretive organization built around an extended family of super-powered people. The Pantheon is a fictional organization appearing in the Comic books published by Marvel Comics. [30] The family members, mostly distant cousins to each other, had codenames based in the mythos of the Trojan War, and were descendants of the founder of the group, Agamemnon. In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her Agamemnon is a Fictional character in the Marvel Universe. Fictional character biography Agamemnon is a half-human and half- Asgardian When Agamemnon leaves, he puts the Hulk in charge of the organization. The storyline ends when it is revealed Agamemnon has traded his offspring to an alien race to gain power. The Hulk leads the Pantheon against the aliens, and then moves on.

Shortly after, Hulk encounters a depraved version of himself from the future, called Maestro. Thrown into the future, Hulk finds himself allied with Rick Jones, now an old man, in an effort to destroy the tyrant Maestro. Unable to stop him in any other manner, Hulk uses the time machine that brought him to the future to send the Maestro back into the heart of the very Gamma Bomb test that spawned the Hulk.

In 1998, David followed Editor Bobbie Chase's suggestion, and wrote a storyline centering on the death of Betty Ross. Betty has radiation poisoning, and desperate to save her, General Thunderbolt Ross worked with Banner, hoping to save her, but they fail, and Betty dies. Following this, David left Marvel, following a conflict about the direction of the series.

Greg Pak introduced the Planet Hulk story arc, which opened with a cabal of Earth’s superpowers, called Illuminati, sending Hulk into deep space to protect the Earth from his destructive rampages after his involvement in the destruction of the Godseye Satellite orbiting Earth. Greg Pak is an American New York -based film director/comic book writer This article is about the comic book character and series For all other media appearances see Hulk in other media. The Illuminati is a fictional group of Superheroes who joined forces and secretly work behind the scenes in the Marvel Universe. Hulk’s rocket, intended for a desolate, empty planet, instead crashed onto Sakaar. On Sakaar, Hulk rises from slave to king leading a rebellion, and finds love with a wife, Caiera. Shortly after, the rocket that brought Hulk to Sakaar malfunctions and explodes, setting off the planet’s destruction. Following the death of his wife, unborn child, and hundreds of millions of innocents, Hulk gathers some survivors and heads to Earth to exact revenge.

In World War Hulk, Hulk along with an alien invasion force, confronts and defeats the members of the Illuminati and several of Marvel's major superhero teams, but he later surrenders and is captured. World War Hulk is a Comic book crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics in 2007, featuring the Hulk. Bruce Banner is later seen in custody in a military facility where General Ross and Doc Samson seek out Bruce Banner's help with the emerging mystery of a new Red Hulk.

Artistically, the character has been depicted as progressively more muscular in the years since his debut. [31]

Powers and abilities

Main article: Powers and abilities of the Hulk

The Hulk possesses the potential for limitless physical strength depending directly on his emotional state, particularly his anger. This is a listing of powers and abilities possessed by the Hulk, a fictional Comic book Superhero in the Marvel Comics universe [32] This has been reflected in the repeated comment "The madder Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets. " His durability, healing, and endurance increase in relation to his temper. [33] The Hulk is also extremely resistant to most forms of injury or damage, including physical, psychic, environmental extremes, and is immune to disease and poisons. His powerful legs allow him to leap into lower Earth orbit or across continents. [34] He also has less commonly described powers, including abilities allowing him to "home in" to his place of origin in New Mexico, and to see and interact with astral forms. He has been shown to have both regenerative and adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to allow him to breathe underwater, surviving unprotected in space, and when injured, healing from almost any wound within seconds, including regenerating lost mass.

As Bruce Banner (and the Merged/Professor Hulk), he is considered one of the greatest minds on Earth. He has developed expertise in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, and physiology, and holds a Ph. D. in nuclear physics. He possesses "a mind so brilliant it cannot be measured on any known intelligence test". [35]

In The Science of Superheroes, Lois Grest and Robert Weinberg examined Hulk’s powers, explaining the scientific flaws in them. Most notably, they point out that the level of gamma radiation Banner is exposed to at the initial blast would induce radiation sickness and kill him, or if not, create significant cancer risks for Banner. The authors note that hard radiation strips cells of their ability to function, and does not turn a person into a raging green hero. They go on to offer up an alternate origin, in which a Hulk might be created by biological experimentation with adrenal glands and GFP. In Mammals the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangle-shaped Endocrine glands that sit on top of the Kidneys their The green fluorescent protein ( GFP) is composed of 238 Amino acids (26 Even so, the described "Hulk" does not have any superpowers to speak of; rather, his anger triggers the adrenal glands, giving him slightly increased strength as well as activating the GFP to turn him green.

Related characters

Main article: List of Hulk supporting characters

Over the long publication history of the Hulk's adventures, many recurring characters have featured prominently, including his sidekick, Rick Jones, love interest Betty Ross, and her father, the often adversarial General Thunderbolt Ross. A sub-page of Hulk (comics Allies and friends Bereet – An alien artist and filmmaker from the planet Krylor and brief love interest

Reactions in popular culture

The Hulk character and the concepts behind it have been raised to the level of iconic status by many within and outside the comic book industry. A cultural icon can be an Image, a Symbol, a Logo, Picture, Name, Face, Person, or Building In 2003 the Official Playstation magazine claimed the character had "stood the test of time as a genuine icon of American pop culture. " [36]

The Hulk is often viewed as a reaction to war. As well as being a reaction to the Cold War, the character has been a cipher for the frustrations the Vietnam War raised, and Ang Lee said that the Iraq War influenced his direction. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign [17][37][38] In the Michael Nyman edited edition of The Guardian, Stefanie Diekmann explored Marvel Comics' reaction to the September 11, 2001 attacks. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Diekmann discussed The Hulk's appearance in the comic book Heroes, claiming that his greater prominence, alongside Captain America, aided in "stressing the connection between anger and justified violence without having to depict anything more than a well-known and well-respected protagonist. "[39] Asked by Naomi Klein if a new Cold War was imminent, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez cryptically replied: "The geopolitics of the world will be like the Incredible Hulk comics, where he tenses himself before the transformation. Naomi Klein (b 8 May 1970, Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Journalist, Author and activist well known for her Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. "[40]

In Comic Book Nation, Wright alludes to Hulk's counterculture status, referring to a 1965 Esquire magazine poll amongst college students which "revealed that student radicals ranked Spider-Man and the Hulk alongside the likes of Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite revolutionary icons. Esquire (abbreviated Esq) is a term of British origin originally used to denote social status Spider-Man is a Fictional character appearing in Comic books published by Marvel Comics. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14 Following the Cuban revolution,Guevara reviewed " Wright goes on to cite examples of his anti-authority symbol status. Two of the most notable are "The Ballad of the Hulk" by Jerry Jeff Walker, and the Rolling Stones cover for 30 September 1971, a full color Herb Trimpe piece commissioned for the magazine. Jerry Jeff Walker (born March 16, 1942) is a Country music singer Herbert "Herb" Trimpe (b May 26, 1939, Peekskill New York) is an American Comic book artist and occasional writer best [23][41] The Hulk has been caricatured in such animated television series as The Simpsons[42] Robot Chicken and Family Guy,[43] and such sketch comedy TV series as The Young Ones[44]. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Robot Chicken is an Emmy -Award Winning American Stop motion animated television series created by Seth Green and Matthew Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other Sketch comedy consists of a series of short Comedy scenes or vignettes called "sketches" commonly between one and ten minutes long A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U The Young Ones was a popular British sitcom, first seen in 1982, on BBC2. The character is also used a cultural reference point for someone displaying anger or agitation. For example, in a 2008 Daily Mirror review of an Eastenders episode, a character is described as going "into Incredible Hulk mode, smashing up his flat". The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 EastEnders is a most popular and award-winning Television Soap opera, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 on 19 February 1985 [45]

The 2003 Ang Lee directed Hulk film saw discussion of the character's appeal to Asian-Americans. Ang Lee ( (born October 23, 1954) is an Academy Award -winning Film director from Taiwan. See also Hulk (video game Hulk (also known as The Hulk) is a 2003 Superhero film based on the fictional Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian [46] The Taiwanese born Ang Lee commented on the "subcurrent of repression" that underscored the character of The Hulk, and how that mirrored his own experience: "Growing up, my artistic leanings were always repressed -- there was always pressure to do something 'useful,' like being a doctor. " Jeff Yang, writing for SF Gate extended this self identification to Asian-American culture, arguing that "the passive-aggressive streak runs deep among Asian Americans -- especially those who have entered creative careers, often against their parents' wishes. "[47]

Other versions

Main article: Alternate versions of Hulk

Over the decades that Marvel has published Hulk, the company has featured versions of the Hulk set in alternate realities and histories, as well as other forms of art, such as the manga style. In addition to his mainstream incarnation Hulk has also been depicted in other Fictional universes. ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly

In other media

Main article: Hulk in other media

The Hulk has featured as the star of numerous other forms of mass media, including two films, TV series, multiple animated cartoon series, and video games. This is a list of media appearances for The Incredible Hulk. Television Marvel Superheroes See also Marvel Super Heroes (TV series

Bibliography

Magazines

Collections

Notes

  1. ^ Comics Buyer's Guide #1617 (June 2006)
  2. ^ Starlog #213 (July 2003)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Weinstein, Simcha (2006). Comics Buyer's Guide ( (CBG is the second longest-running Periodical reporting on the Comic book industry Starlog is a monthly Science-fiction film Magazine published by Starlog Group Inc Up, Up, and Oy Vey!. Baltimore, Maryland: Leviathan Press, 82-97. ISBN 1-881927-32-6.  
  4. ^ a b c d e DeFalco, Tom (2003). The Hulk: The Incredible Guide. London: DK Publishing, 200. ISBN 0=7894-9260-1.  
  5. ^ Taylor, Robert (2006-08-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Greg Goes Wild on Planet Pak. Wizard Magazine. Wizard Entertainment Group. Retrieved on [[2007-11-15]]. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
  6. ^ Serwin, Andy (2007-07-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. The Wizard Retrospective: Mike Mignola. Wizard Magazine. Wizard Entertainment Group. Retrieved on [[2007-11-13]]. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St
  7. ^ Radford, Bill. "Marvel's not-so-jolly green giant gets a fresh start and a new team", The Gazette, 1999-02-21, p. The Gazette is a Newspaper based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland  L4.  
  8. ^ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators: Hulk (II) (1999-2000)
  9. ^ Michael Thomas (August 22 2000). John Byrne: The Hidden Answers. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
  10. ^ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators: Incredible Hulk (III) (2000-2008)
  11. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #13 (April 2000)
  12. ^ Slight change of plan with Hulk. peterdavid. net (September 30, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
  13. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #81 (July 2005)
  14. ^ Peter David (July 18 2005). My leaving "Hulk". The Incredible Hulk Message Board. Retrieved on 2005-08-28. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  15. ^ a b Kaplan, Arie (2006). Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, 263. ISBN 1-55652-633-4.  page 58
  16. ^ a b (May 1962) Hulk #1.   Page=8
  17. ^ a b c Gresh, Lois; Robert Weinberg (2002). The Science of Superheroes. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Son, Inc. , 200. ISBN 0-471-46882-7.  page=27
  18. ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 287. ISBN 0-8109-2566-4.  
  19. ^ Avengers #1-2
  20. ^ Marvel Feature #1-3 (Dec. 1971 - June 1972)
  21. ^ Tales to Astonish #60
  22. ^ Dave Hill, "Green with anger". Thursday July 17, 2003. The Guardian Accessed 2008-23-03. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Archived 2008-23-03.
  23. ^ a b Wright, Bradford (2001). Comic Book Nation. Baltimore MD: John Hopkins University Press, 336. ISBN 0-8018-6514-X.  
  24. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #312
  25. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #315
  26. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #319
  27. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #323
  28. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #347
  29. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #372
  30. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #382
  31. ^ James Randerson, "Superman copycats 'risk health'" The Guardian, Wednesday May 17 2006. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  32. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #109 (Oct. 2007)
  33. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #394 (June 1994)
  34. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #33 (Dec. 2001); The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #254 (Dec. 1980)
  35. ^ Pisani, Joseph. The Smartest Superheroes. BusinessWeek. Retrieved on 2007-12-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city
  36. ^ "Smash!" Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  37. ^ "Becoming The Hulk". The New Yorker, (New York); Jun 30, 2003; John Lahr; p. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry 072
  38. ^ "The Clash Of Symbols". Sunday Herald (Glasgow); Dec 23, 2007; Stephen Phelan; p. The Sunday Herald is an award winning Scottish Sunday Newspaper launched on 7 February 1999 42
  39. ^ Stefanie Diekmann. "Hero and superhero". Saturday April 24, 2004, The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  40. ^ "Scoop of the month: when Naomi met Chávez". Tim Dowling. The Guardian, Tuesday January 8 2008. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group.
  41. ^ Jonah Goldberg, "Spin City". May 7, 2002 12:30 PM, National Review Online. Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  42. ^ The Simpsons. "I Am Furious Yellow". “ I Am Furious Yellow ” is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ’ thirteenth season. 28 April 2002. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
  43. ^ "Chitty Chitty Death Bang". Danny Smith (writer). Family Guy. Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other Fox Broadcasting Company. 1999-04-18. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. No. 3, season 1.
  44. ^ "The Young Ones: Summer Holiday (#2. 6)" (1984)
  45. ^ "We love telly: We love soaps" The Daily Mirror (London); Feb 5, 2008; MAEVE QUIGLEY; p. 1
  46. ^ Gina Marchetti, "Hollywood Taiwan". Film International; Volume: 2; Issue: 6; Cover date: November 2004. Page(s): 42-51 Print ISSN: 1651-6826 doi: 10. 1386/fiin. 2. 6. 42 Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  47. ^ Jeff Yang, "Look ... Up in the sky! It's Asian Man!". Thursday, June 1, 2006. SF Gate, San Francisco Chronicle published by Hearst Newspapers. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Hearst Communications Inc is a privately-held American -based Media conglomerate based in the Hearst Tower in New York City, USA Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.

References

External links

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