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Hugh Findlay

BornJune 9, 1822(1822-06-09)
Newmilns, Scotland
DiedMarch 1, 1900 (aged 77)
Fish Haven, Idaho
SpouseIsabella Ratray
Catherine Ann Partington
Mary Ellen Smith
Ane Marie Dorthea Nelson

Hugh Findlay (Newmilns, Ayrshire, Scotland, June 9, 1822 – March 2, 1900 in Fish Haven, Idaho) was one of the first two Mormon missionaries to enter India and opened missionary work in the Shetland Islands. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Newmilns and Greenholm is a small burgh of 3400 people located 7 miles to the east of Kilmarnock on the A71 in East Ayrshire, Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Fish Haven is an unincorporated community along the shores of Bear Lake in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States. Newmilns and Greenholm is a small burgh of 3400 people located 7 miles to the east of Kilmarnock on the A71 in East Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir ʃir̴əxg̊ iɲiɾʲˈaːɾʲ is a Registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Fish Haven is an unincorporated community along the shores of Bear Lake in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of Missionary work with over 50000 full-time missionaries India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of

Contents

Conversion

Findlay was baptized in Dundee, Scotland,[1][2] on July 1, 1844, by missionaries from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known He married Isabella Ratray that same year. [3] Between 1847 and 1848, Isabella and the two little boys she and Findlay had together, James and Ephraim, died in what was probably a diptheria epidemic. Diphtheria ( Greek διφθερα ( diphthera)—“pair of leather scrolls" is an upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore Both boys were under two years old. [4]

Orson Pratt recorded the following about a case of "miraculous healing" involving Findlay in Scotland:

St Mary's Parish Church, Dundee, Scotland
St Mary's Parish Church, Dundee, Scotland
“I have a girl, aged three years, who had for eighteen months been afflicted with convulsive fits . Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the . . the child was fearful to behold, almost in continual convulsions by night and day. On the 25th of December last, Elder Hugh Findlay called and anointed her with oil in the name of the Lord and prayed for her, and from that day until now she has never had a fit. To anoint is to pour or smear with perfumed oil milk water melted butter or other substances a process employed ritually by many religions and races . . For the truth of which, witness our hands,

James Davidson, Maria Davidson, Hugh Findlay[5]

”

While in England, Findlay engaged in public debates with anti-Mormon ministers from other faiths. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Anti-Mormonism is Discrimination, hostility or Prejudice directed at members of the Latter Day Saint movement, particularly The Church of Jesus Christ [6] He was serving as a district president (head of the Hull Conference)[7] in England when Lorenzo Snow called him and William Willes to serve a mission in South Asia. A district of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a geographical administrative unit composed of a number of congregations called branches Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints William Willes (1814–1890 was an early Latter Day Saint songwriter and along with Hugh Findlay, was one of the first Mormon missionaries to enter [8]

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People

St Thomas
St Francis Xavier
Mother Teresa
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Blessed Kuriakose Chavara
Henry Martyn‎
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William Carey
Anthony Norris Groves
Hugh Findlay
Charles Freer Andrews
Sister Alphonsa
Parumala Thirumeni

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Chaldean Syrian Church
Church of North India
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Mission

Findlay and Willes arrived in 1851, seeking to build on reports from early members of the Plymouth Brethren that India would be a fertile ground for proselytization. Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Malankara Church of India is the Christian church believed to be started by St The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an Ethnoreligious group from Kerala, India. This article addresses the Saint Thomas Christians and the various churches and denominations that form the Nasrani people. Malankara Metropolitan is the title of the head of Malankara Church of Kerala, India, believed to be started by St See also Syrian Malabar Nasrani Knanaya (Hebקנאים Malayalam ക്നാനായ Arقينان literally meaning "Knai people" are an The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor /Diamper ( Kerala, India) formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast Saint Thomas The Coonan Cross Oath was taken in 1653, by a group of Saint Thomas Christians, reacting to the persecution of their Church by the Portuguese colonials The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia Thomas the Apostle, also called Judas Thomas, Doubting Thomas, or Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco Mother Teresa, Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, (born August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) was an Albanian ref>Spink Reginald Heber ( April 21, 1783 - April 3, 1826) was a Church of England bishop now remembered chiefly as a hymn-writer Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara was the co-founder and first prior-general of the Congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and of the Congregation of the Henry Martyn ( 18 February, 1781 - 16 October 1812) was an Anglican priest and Missionary to the peoples of India George Edward Lynch Cotton ( October 29, 1813 – October 6, 1866) was an English and educator and churchman renowned for his connections William Carey may refer to William Carey (1761&ndash1834 an English Protestant missionary William Carey (c Biography Early life Groves was born in Newton Valance, Hampshire, England Advent Christian Conference Anglican Church of India Apatani Christian Fellowship Apostolic Christian Assembly Chaldean Syrian Church is the name used for the Assyrian Church of the East in India. The Church of North India (CNI the dominant Protestant denomination in northern India is a United church established on 29 November 1970 by The Church of South India ( Abbreviation: CSI) is a union of many Protestant Denominations spread throughout South India. The Brethren are a Christian Evangelical Premillennial religious movement The Indian Pentecostal Church of God (IPC is the largest indigenous Pentecostal movement in India, with its headquarters at Hebron Kumbanad, Kerala The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is the Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Kerala, India. Malabar Independent Syriac Church is also known as Thozhyur Sabah (church and Anjoor church The Mar Thoma Church is a Christian denomination from Kerala, the South Western State of India. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (also known as the Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East, The Roman Catholic Church in India is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. St Thomas Evangelical Church of India (STECI is an Evangelical, Episcopal denomination based in Kerala, India. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (also known as Malankara Syrian Catholic Church Malankara Syriac Catholic Church) The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite Major Archiepiscopal Church in Full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Plymouth Brethren is a Conservative, Evangelical Christian movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion However, almost immediately they were met by opposition from the established Protestant denominations, the press, and military officers and chaplains. [9] Findlay labored first in Bombay; Willes travelled up the Ganges to Simla. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Shimla [ʃɪmla] ( Hindi: शिमला originally called Simla, is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh [10]

Kalbadevi Road, an important road in Bombay, in the 19th Century.
Kalbadevi Road, an important road in Bombay, in the 19th Century.

It took Findlay six months to baptize his first six converts. While in Bombay, he was restricted from all military areas (cantonments) and was forbidden to preach to military personnel. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a In April 1852, he moved on to Poona, 90 miles distant, where he was eventually granted permission to proselyte. Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra The local cantonment commander reasoned that "the less these people are opposed the less harm they would do. "[9] Findlay was eventually able to organize a branch of twelve members in Poona by mid-September 1852, a mixture of "European, Eurasian, and native. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The Demographics of India are overall remarkably diverse India's population of approximately 1 "[11] However, in October Findlay was asked to leave the cantonment. He found new quarters in a small shelter in Poona, where he continued to hold meetings with the branch. Several months later, he completed a chapel directly across the street. [12]

After being banished from the cantonment, Findlay focused his efforts almost exclusively on the native population. He studied the Marathi language and spent considerable time discussing religion with a group of Brahmin intellectuals. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. [9]

Findlay's brother Allan joined him as a missionary in India. [13] Allan McPherson Findlay, a baker by trade,[14] was born in New Milns, Scotland, in 1830, and was baptized in November 1846. He accepted Findlay's urgent request to join him in Bombay and Poona, without any official call from the church. He arrived on September 7, 1853, about two years after Findlay. [15]

Hugh Findlay and his fellow missionaries ultimately found little success in India. He served in Poona and Bombay for several years, most of it alone. [16] Brigham Young ordered the mission closed in 1855. [17] Historians have concluded the mission's significance lies is in its failure to secure more than a handful of converts, in contrast with other missions at the time (in Scandinavia and the British Isles) that were extremely successful. [18]

Emigration and settling Utah

Findlay completed his mission and departed Bombay on March 15, 1855. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year [19][3] He and a few fellow Mormons emigrated by way of Hong Kong (where they baptized one convert) to the United States, arriving later that year. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [15] He married 23-year-old Catherine Ann Partington[20] on March 25, 1856, in the Endowment House. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Endowment House was an early building used by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to administer temple ordinances in Salt Lake City Brigham Young performed the ceremony. [21]

The couple helped settle Riverdale, Utah, where Hugh made a living by manufacturing and selling matches. Riverdale is a city in Weber County, Utah, United States. The population was 7656 at the 2000 census. A match is a consumable Tool for lighting a Fire under controlled circumstances on demand [22] They eventually had nine children together. [1]

In 1857 Findlay began practicing plural marriage when he married 16-year-old Mary Ellen Smith, with whom he eventually had seven children. [1] Beginning in 1858, Findlay became Riverdale's first school teacher. [22] He was also at one time the president of the "17th Ward Silk Producing Society". [23]

In June 1862, Hugh Findlay's 19-year-old brother-in-law, Jared Smith, was killed in the Morrisite War. The Morrisite War was a skirmish between a Latter Day Saint sect known as the " Morrisites " and the Utah territorial government. Smith had been engaged to Ane Marie Dorthea Nelson, a 19-year-old Danish immigrant. The next month, Findlay married Ane Marie. They had three children together and raised them as Jared's.

By 1864, Findlay was manufacturing and selling matches, wholesale and retail, at a location on Main Street in Salt Lake City. [24] By the next year, he was also proprietor of a music store on East Temple Street. [25]

Allan emigrated to the U. S. by way of Liverpool, England, where he set sail on the Ship Thornton to New York City. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary The City of New York [14] On the second day of the voyage, 26-year-old Allan married Jesse Ireland,[26] a 28-year-old whom the ship's manifest identified as a spinster, although they had been dating for about ten years. [14] They met Allan and Hugh's mother (Mary McPherson Findlay) in New York and the three of them headed west. During the journey, they became part of the ill-fated Willie Handcart Company,[27][28][29] although each eventually arrived safely in Salt Lake City. The Mormon handcart pioneers were participants in the migration of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the LDS Church to Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U [30]

Later life

In the Fall of 1869, Brigham Young called Findlay and his families to help settle the Bear Lake country. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Bear Lake is a natural Freshwater Lake on the Utah - Idaho border in the Western United States. They arrived on May 22, 1870, and along with Henry Howell helped settle Fish Haven, Idaho, where he later served as Bishop. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Henry Howell (1828&ndash1896 was a Mormon pioneer and one of the founders of Fish Haven Idaho, USA Fish Haven is an unincorporated community along the shores of Bear Lake in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States. Bishop is the highest priesthood office of the Aaronic priesthood in the Latter Day Saint movement. [1] Ane Marie died in Fish Haven in 1872 at age 29. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Lerwick, main port in the Shetland Islands
Lerwick, main port in the Shetland Islands

In 1878 the church called him to open a mission in the Shetland Islands, an archipelago northeast of Scotland. For the aircraft see Saro Lerwick Lerwick is the only Burgh and main port of the Shetland Islands Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He arrived on January 4, 1879, and within three months baptized the first two converts in the Shetland Islands, on March 31. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [31]

On May 5, 1879, Orson Pratt (who was also in the British Isles at the time) received a letter from John Taylor, instructing him to obtain electroplates for a new edition of the Doctrine & Covenants. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the John Taylor ( November 1, 1808 &ndash July 25, 1887) was the third president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Electroplating is the process of using electrical current to reduce Cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Findlay and three other men helped him divide the text into verses and supply references. [32]

While in Shetland he was asked to preside over the Scotland Mission. One history records:

“"He had no money with which to pay his steamboat passage to Scotland, but, true to his unwavering faith, he packed his suitcase, ready to obey, and walked toward the wharf where he was to sail. As he passed the post office, he asked for his mail and received a letter from a strange lady who wrote him of her interest in articles he had written for the Millennial Star and enclosed for him a five-pound note which was equal to about twenty-five dollars in American money. "[1]”

He was released as president of the Scotland Mission in 1880. He returned to his families in Fish Haven, where he served as a Patriarch[1] until his death on March 2, 1900. See also Evangelist (Latter Day Saints In the Latter Day Saint movement, Patriarch (also called Evangelist) is an office of the Priesthood Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

Articles

Publications

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Hugh Findlay". Ancestors of Sarah Ellen HALES. http://www.geocities.com/halesnelsongen/aqwg05.htm. Accessed 13 April 2007.
  2. ^ Findlay lived on Barrack Street in Dundee, Scotland.
  3. ^ a b "The Mormons From Scotland and Wales: Others From Scotland". Our Pioneer Heritage. Volume 13. Company E.
  4. ^ "Eardley and Slaughter Family Tree". [1]. Accessed 13 August 2007.
  5. ^ Pratt, Orson. Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon. Numbers 1-3. Liverpool, 1850.
  6. ^ Theobald, John (1850). The overthrow of infidel Mormonism: being a report of the Louth discussion which took place in the Guild Hall, Louth, Lincolnshire, August 28, 29, 30, & September 2, 3, & 6, 1850, between Mr. Hugh Findlay, Mormon elder, from Scotland, and Mr. John Theobald, Primitive Methodist local preacher, temperance advocate, anti-Mormon missionary, author of Mormonism Dissected, &c. , to which is added an account of the discussion which took place at Spondon, on the 26th of May, 1848, between Mr. Theobald and Mr. George Henry, Mormon delegate. London : W. Horsell, Aldine Chambers. OCLC: 171289016.  
  7. ^ Tullidge's Histories, vol. II. Press of the Juvenile Instructor. 1889, p. 14.
  8. ^ Roberts, B. H. Comprehensive History of the Church. Vol. 3, Ch. 88, p. 389
  9. ^ a b c Britsch, R. Lanier. "Latter-day Saint Mission to India". Brigham Young University Studies 12, No. 3 (1972). See [2].
  10. ^ Smith, George Albert (1872). George Albert Smith ( June 26 1817 &ndash September 1 1875) (commonly known as George A The rise, progress and travels of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 2d. (in English), Salt Lake City: Printed at the Deseret News Office. OCLC 2070492. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  11. ^ Millennial Star (London, England), Vol. Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (usually shorted to Millennial Star) was the longest continuously published periodical of The Church of Jesus XIV, pp. 635-36.
  12. ^ Millennial Star (London, England), Vol. XIV, pp. 654-55.
  13. ^ Tullidge's Histories, (volume II). Press of the Juvenile Instructor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1889, p. 60.
  14. ^ a b c Ship Manifest. Ship Thornton. 3 May 1856 Liverpool, England - 14 Jun 1856 New York, New York. See [3].
  15. ^ a b Britsch, R. Lanier. "The 1851-56 Mission to India". Journal of Mormon History, Volume 27, Issue 2, Fall 2001
  16. ^ Britsch, R. Lanier. "The Nobility of Failure". Speeches. Brigham Young University Press. 1999. [4]
  17. ^ Hunter, Milton R. Brigham Young the Colonizer. Third Edition. 1945, p. 89. ISBN 141796846X.
  18. ^ Britsch, R. Lanier. Nothing More Heroic: The Compelling Story of the First LDS Missionaries in India Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1999.
  19. ^ Jensen, Andrew. Andrew Jenson, born Anders Jensen, ( 11 December 1850 – 1941 was a Danish immigrant to the United States who acted as an Assistant Church Chronology: A Record of Important Events Pertaining to the History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1914, p. 53. ISBN 1417968540.
  20. ^ According to Sons of the Utah Pioneers-Utah, Pioneer Companies, Catherine arrived in Salt Lake City on September 15, 1853, at age 20, as part of the McIawson Company with her father (Ralph Partington), two brothers (James and William) and her sister (Sarah). Ralph Partington ( March 16, 1806 – 1873 was a Mormon pioneer.
  21. ^ Palmquist, Peter E. ; Kailbourn, Thomas R. (2000). Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 228-229. ISBN 0804738831 9780804738835. OCLC 44089346. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  22. ^ a b Judkins, Lucille Child. "A History of Riverdale". March 1972. [5]
  23. ^ "Home Manufacture". Our Pioneer Heritage. Volume 12. The Year of 1868. Company E.
  24. ^ Phelps, W. W. (1864). Almanac for the Year 1864. Great Salt Lake City, Utah: Printed at Deseret News Office, 16.  “Hugh Findlay, First Prize Matches, wholesale and retail, west side of Main street, 14th ward; also blacking” 
  25. ^ "Advertisement", Salt Lake City Deseret News, Feb. 15, 1865.  "SOMETHING NEW IN UTAH! AT FINDLEY'S [sic] MUSIC STORE. An Exhibition of the latest improvement of the Stereoscopia [sic] and Panoramic arts, comprising a Choice Selection of Transparent and Large Scenes, at once amusing and interesting to old and young. . . . This Exhibition, with an extensive change of Views and rich Fittings, is offered for Sale, presenting a rare chance for remunerative speculation. A Few stereoscopic Boxes and Views For Sale, a pleasing parlor entertainment" 
  26. ^ See http://handcart.byu.edu/. Accessed 13 April 2007.
  27. ^ "Immigration to Utah," Deseret News, 15 Oct. 1856, 254.
  28. ^ Journal History, 9 Nov. 1856, p. 25
  29. ^ "James G. Willie Company (1856)". Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847–1868. www. lds. org. http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library/pioneercompanysearchresults/1,15792,4017-1-319,00.html. Accessed 13 April 2007.
  30. ^ "A Lamentable Accident," Deseret Evening News, 5 Mar. 1891, 8.
  31. ^ Jensen, Andrew. Church Chronology: A Record of Important Events Pertaining to the History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1914, p. 103. ISBN 1417968540.
  32. ^ Davis, Marguirite R. History of John Ryder. The Yancey Family Surname Resource Center. See [6].

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