For the magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine). Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Hudson Valley is a regional-interest monthly Magazine that covers the Hudson Valley.

The Hudson Valley refers to the canyon of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County northward to the cities of Albany and Troy. For the song see CANYONMID. For the band see Canyon (band. A canyon (rarely cañon) or gorge The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Historically a cradle of European settlement in the northeastern United States and a strategic battleground in colonial wars, it now consists of suburbs of the metropolitan area of New York City at its southern end, shading into rural territory, including "exurbs," farther north. The City of New York A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood

Geographically, the Hudson Valley could refer to all areas along the Hudson River, including Bergen County, New Jersey. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. However, this definition is not commonly used and the Tappan Zee Bridge is often considered the southern limit of the area. The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge, almost always referred to as the Tappan Zee Bridge, or simply the Tappan Zee, is a Cantilever bridge Though Westchester County is often classified as part of the region, Westchester residents who live at the southern end of the county (and especially the parts closer to the Long Island Sound than the Hudson River) generally do not associate themselves with the region. Long Island Sound is an Estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and various Rivers in the United States that lies between the coast of Connecticut The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Including all of Westchester County in the definition of the region would seem unusual to many and seem like something one might only read in a travel guide. In fact, there is a road sign on the New York State Thruway in Yonkers that suggests that the "Hudson Valley region" is located somewhere further to the north and west along the Thruway. The New York State Thruway (officially the Governor Thomas E Dewey Thruway) is a limited-access toll Highway in the U Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in

Contents 1 History 2 Geology and physiography 3 Pollution and urban sprawl 4 Sports 5 Regions 6 Cities and Towns 7 References 8 External links

History

At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the 17th century, the area of Hudson Valley was inhabited primarily by the Algonquian-speaking Mahican Native American people. The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic Mohican redirects here For other uses of Mohican see Mohican (disambiguation The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are a Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States

The first Dutch settlement was in the 1610s with the establishment of Fort Nassau, a trading post (factorij) south of modern-day Albany, with the purpose of exchanging European goods for beaver pelts. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The name Fort Nassau was used by the Dutch in the 17th century for several fortifications mostly trading stations named for the House of Orange-Nassau. The American Beaver ( Castor canadensis) is a large semi-aquatic Rodent native to Canada, much of the United States, and parts of northern Fort Nassau was later replaced by Fort Orange. Fort Orange (Fort Oranje was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland. During the rest of the 1600s, the Hudson Valley formed the heart of the New Netherland colony operations, with the New Amsterdam settlement on Manhattan serving as a post for supplies and defense of the upriver operations. New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York

During the French and Indian War in the 1750s, the northern end of the valley became the bulwark of the British defense against French invasion from Canada via Lake Champlain. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States

The valley became one of the major regions of conflict during the American Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Part of the early strategy of the British was to sever the colonies in two by maintaining control of the river. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

In the early 1800s, popularized by the stories of Washington Irving, the Hudson Valley gained a reputation as a somewhat gothic region inhabited by the remnants of the early days of the Dutch colonization of New York (see, e. Washington Irving (April 3 1783 – November 28 1859 was an American Author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th g. , The Legend of Sleepy Hollow). " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow " is a Short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon Gent

Following the building of the Erie Canal, the area became an important industrial center and remained so until the mid 20th century, when many of the industrial towns went into decline. The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes

It also was the location of the estates of many wealthy New York industrialists, such as John D. Rockefeller and Frederick William Vanderbilt, and of old-moneyed tycoons such as Franklin Roosevelt, who was a descendant of one the early Dutch families in the region. John Davison Rockefeller ( July 8, 1839 &ndash May 23, 1937) was an American Industrialist and philanthropist Frederick William Vanderbilt ( February 2 1856 &ndash June 29 1938) was a member of the financially and socially preeminent Vanderbilt

The area is associated with the Hudson River School, a group of American Romantic painters who worked from about 1830 to 1870. The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the

The natural beauty of the Hudson Valley earned the Hudson River the nickname America's Rhine, the natural beauty of the Hudson Valley being compared to that of the famous 40 mile (65 km) stretch of Germany's Rhine River valley between the cities of Bingen and Koblenz. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Bingen am Rhein (or Bingen or Bingen on the Rhine) is a city located at the junction of the rivers Rhine and Nahe in the district of Mainz-Bingen Koblenz (also Coblenz in pre-1926 German Spellings French Coblence) is a city situated on both banks of the Rhine Similarly, a 30-mile (48 km) stretch of the east bank in Dutchess and Columbia counties has been designated a National Historic Landmark. The Hudson River Historic District, also known as Hudson River Heritage Historic District, is the largest such district on the mainland of the contiguous A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

Geology and physiography

The Hudson Valley is a physiographic section of the larger Valley And Ridge province, which in turn is part of the larger Appalachian physiographic division. The physiographic regions of the world are a means of defining the Earth's landforms into distinct regions based upon Nevin Fenneman 's classic three-tiered approach of divisions The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a physiographic province of The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ^[1]

Pollution and urban sprawl

Due to the decrease in industry within New York State over the past 40 to 50 years, parts of the Hudson Valley have seen economic decline and unemployment to a greater degree than other areas in the state. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. Still seen in the Valley today are abandoned factories and old buildings that are remnants of a once thriving region that included upscale theaters, lavish homes, resort-hotels, and health spas. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods A destination spa is a short term residential/lodging facility with the primary purpose of guiding individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits The numerous factories that at one time lined the Hudson River poured garbage and industrial waste directly into the river. WASTE is a Peer-to-peer and Friend-to-friend protocol and software application developed by Justin Frankel at Nullsoft in 2003 that features Industrial waste is a type of waste produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines. This pollution was not assessed in a comprehensive fashion until the 1970s. By that time, the largest company still operating factories in the area was General Electric, which became primarily responsible for cleaning the Hudson River. As of 2006, after decades of litigation, GE was still in the process of complying with government cleanup directives. Though swimming was banned in parts of the river in the early 1960s, the pollution has been steadily declining and, as a result, some municipalities have begun to allow people to swim in it again.

The crowding and high cost of living associated with the New York metropolitan area and its adjacent suburbs has led increasing numbers of people to move from these densely populated areas to the Hudson Valley, including parts as far north as greater Poughkeepsie, and commute into New York City to work. Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Poughkeepsie (pəˈkɪpsiː is a City in New York, USA and serves as the County seat of Dutchess County, located in the Hudson The City of New York This demand for housing has resulted in increased residential development, and a significant increase in housing costs in the lower- and mid-Hudson Valley regions. Along with this residential development has come commercial development such as shopping malls, and other landmarks of suburbia and urban sprawl. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Many long-time residents have reacted to this by forming environmental and preservationist groups dedicated to stopping further development. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and

While parts of the Valley today struggle with crime and poverty, other parts contain some of the wealthiest and safest communities in the nation (see, e. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and g. , communities discussed in articles on Westchester and Putnam Counties). Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U Putnam County is a County located in the US state of New York, in the lower Hudson Valley. The overall effect of decreased industrialization and increased residential development has been a transformation of the region, especially in the lower- and mid-Hudson Valley, to an exurb struggling to balance the competing demands of maintaining the area's rural character with the conveniences and services of suburban living.

Sports

The Hudson Valley Renegades are a minor league baseball team affiliated with the Tampa Bay Rays. The Hudson Valley Renegades are a Minor league baseball team affiliated with the Tampa Bay Rays. The Tampa Bay Rays are a Major League Baseball franchise based in St The team is a member of the New York - Penn League, a league that is of Class A-short season. The New York - Penn League is a Minor league baseball league which operates in the northeastern United States. The Renegades play at Dutchess Stadium in Wappingers Falls. Dutchess Stadium (occasionally referred to as "The Dutch" is a Stadium in Wappingers Falls New York. For the Native American tribe see Wappani. Wappingers Falls is a Village in Dutchess County, New York, United

The Hudson Valley Hawks is a team in the newly formed National Professional Basketball League (NPBL). The Hudson Valley Hawks are a professional basketball team in the National Professional Basketball League based in Beacon New York. This article is about the National Professional Basketball League formed in 2007. The team's home court is at Beacon High School, in Beacon. Beacon is a City located in Dutchess County New York, United States.

Regions

The Hudson Valley is divided into three regions: Lower, Middle and Upper. The following is a list of the counties within the Hudson Valley sorted by region.

Lower Hudson

• Westchester
• Rockland
• Putnam
• Bergen

Mid-Hudson

• Dutchess
• Orange
• Ulster

Upper Hudson

• Columbia
• Greene
• Rensselaer
• Albany

Cities and Towns

• Albany
• Annandale-on-Hudson
• Beacon
• Brewster
• Carmel
• Catskill
• Chester
• Cohoes
• Cold Spring
• Cornwall
• Cortlant Manor
• Croton-on-Hudson
• East Fishkill
• Fishkill
• Fort Montgomery
• Goshen
• Haverstraw
• Highland
• Highland Falls
• Hudson
• Hyde Park
• Kingston
• Mahopac
• Marlboro
• Milton
• Middletown
• Monroe
• Newburgh
• New City
• New Paltz
• New Windsor
• Nyack
• Ossining
• Patterson
• Peekskill
• Piermont
• Pleasant Valley
• Port Jervis
• Poughkeepsie
• Red Hook
• Rhinebeck
• Saugerties
• Sleepy Hollow
• Stony Point
• Tivoli
• Troy
• Valhalla
• Wappingers Falls
• Warwick
• Washingtonville
• West Point
• Yonkers
• Yorktown

References

External links

• Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area
• Hudson River Valley Greenway
• Hudson River Valley Heritage: digital collection of historical materials

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