Hudson's Bay Company Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson
Type	Private
Founded	1670
Headquarters	Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Revenue	$7. The term privately held company refers to ownership of a business company in two different ways first referring to ownership by non-governmental organizations and second Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 0 billion CAD (▼$59. 7 million FY 2005)
Owner	Anita Zucker, Governor
Employees	70,000
Divisions	The Bay Zellers Home Outfitters Designer Depot Fields
Website	www.hbc.com

Hudson's Bay Company (French: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson), or HBC, is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly" Financial statements in Businesses Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over Property, which may be an object, land/real estate, Intellectual property Anita Zucker was the first female Governor (or governess of the Hudson's Bay Company --which was first incorporated in 1670--and also an owner of the ECHL's South Carolina Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A division of a business entity is a portion of that business that operates under a different name The Bay is a chain of 94 fashion Department stores that operate across parts of Canada. Zellers Inc is Canada 's second-largest chain of mass merchandise Department stores, with 282 locations in communities across Canada. Home Outfitters is Canada 's largest specialty Superstore home goods chain with 60 stores across the country selling bedding towels housewares and other home Designer Depot was a division of Canadian retailer HBC. It was created in November 2004 and sold by HBC in April 2008 to the INC Group Of Companies For the now-defunct chain of department stores in the Midwestern United States see Marshall Field's Fields is a brand of Canadian A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business It was once the de facto government in parts of North America before European-based colonies and nation states existed. It was at one time the largest landowner in the world, with Rupert's Land being a large part of North America. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that From its longtime headquarters at York Factory on Hudson Bay, it controlled the fur trade throughout much of British-controlled North America for several centuries, undertaking early exploration. York Factory was a settlement located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada at the mouth of the Hayes The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Its traders and trappers forged early relationships with many groups of First Nations/Native Americans and its network of trading posts formed the nucleus for later official authority in many areas of western Canada and the United States. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the late 19th century, its vast territory became the largest component in the newly formed Dominion of Canada, in which the company was the largest private landowner. A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities under sovereign authority within the British Empire and With the decline of the fur trade, the company evolved into mercantile business selling vital goods to settlers in the Canadian West. Today the company is best known for its department stores throughout Canada. A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. The Hudson's Bay Company Archives are located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA are located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America They also classify the Bay in downtown Winnipeg as the flagship store.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 19th century 1.3 Modern operations 2 Rent obligation under Charter 3 Corporate governance 3.1 Governors 4 HBC Owned & Operated Stores 5 Rivals 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links

History

Early years

In the 17th century the French had a monopoly on the Canadian fur trade. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. However, two French traders, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers, learned from the Cree that the best fur country was north and west of Lake Superior and that there was a "frozen sea" still further north; correctly guessing that this was the Hudson Bay, they sought French backing for a plan to set up a trading post on the Bay, thus reducing the cost of moving furs overland. Pierre-Esprit Radisson (1636 &ndash 1710 was a French -born explorer and mapper whose exploration of 1668 led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company. Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618 &ndash 1696 was a French explorer and Fur trader in Canada. Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. However, the recently appointed French Secretary of State, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, was trying to promote farming in the colony, and was opposed to exploration and trapping. Jean-Baptiste Colbert ( August 29, 1619 — September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under

Radisson and des Groseilliers then approached a group of businessmen in Boston, Massachusetts to help finance their explorations. The Bostonians agreed on the plan's merits, and brought the two to England to elicit financing. In 1668, the English commissioned two ships, the Nonsuch and the Eaglet to explore possible trade into Hudson Bay. The Nonsuch was the Ketch that sailed into Hudson Bay in 1668 - 1669, in the first trading voyage for what was to become the Hudson's The Nonsuch was commanded by Captain Zachariah Gillam and accompanied by Groseilliers, while the Eaglet was commanded by Captain William Stannard and accompanied by Radisson. On June 5, 1668, both ships left port at Deptford, England, but the Eaglet was forced to turn back off the coast of Ireland. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Deptford is an area on the south bank of the River Thames in south-east London. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Nonsuch continued on all the way to the southern portion of James Bay, where Fort Rupert was founded at the mouth of the Rupert River. James Bay (Baie James is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. Waskaganish is a Cree village of about 2000 people on the south-east shore of James Bay in the municipality of Baie-James, Quebec, Canada. The Rupert River is one of the largest rivers in Quebec, Canada. After a successful trading expedition over the winter of 1668–1669, the Nonsuch returned to England.

The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay was incorporated on May 2, 1670, with a Royal Charter from King Charles II. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The charter granted the company a monopoly over the Indian Trade, especially the fur trade, in the region watered by all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay in northern Canada, an area known as Rupert's Land after the first director of the Company, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a first cousin of Charles. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine Duke of Bavaria (German Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Herzog von Bayern) commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (17 This region constitutes 1. 5 million square miles (3. 9 million km²) in the drainage basin of Hudson Bay, comprising over one third the area of modern-day Canada and stretching into the north central United States, but the specific boundaries were unknown at the time. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

The company founded its first headquarters at Fort Nelson at the mouth of the Nelson River in present-day northeastern Manitoba. The Nelson River is a River of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America The location afforded convenient access to the fort from the vast interior waterway systems of the Saskatchewan and Red rivers. The Saskatchewan River ( Cree: kisiskāciwani-sīpiy, "swift flowing river" is a major river in Canada, approximately 550 km (340 mi long The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States Other posts were quickly established around the southern edge of Hudson Bay in Manitoba and present-day Ontario and Quebec. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Called "factories" (because the "factor", i. e. a person acting as a mercantile agent and frequently specializing in one or a small number of commodities, did business from there), these posts operated in the manner of the Dutch fur trading operations in New Netherland. MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL AGENCIES, the name given in America to organizations designed to collect record and distribute to regular clients information relative The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast

The Hudson's Bay Company's second inland trading post was established by Samuel Hearne in 1774 in Cumberland House, Saskatchewan. Samuel Hearne, (1745 &ndash November 1792 was born in London, England and did extensive exploration of northern North America ^[1]

During the spring and summer, First Nations traders, who did the vast majority of the actual trapping, travelled by canoe and were received at the fort to sell their pelts. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors In exchange they typically received metal tools and hunting gear, often imported by the company from Germany, the centre of inexpensive manufacturing in that era. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The early coastal factory model contrasted with the system of the French, who established an extensive system of inland posts and sent traders to live among the tribes of the region. After war broke out in Europe between France and England in the 1680s, the two nations regularly sent expeditions to raid and capture each other's fur trading posts. In March 1686, the French sent a raiding party under Chevalier des Troyes over 1300 km (800 miles) to capture the company's posts along James Bay. The French appointed Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, who had shown extreme heroism during the raids, as commander of the company's captured posts. Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville ]] (b 16 July 1661 - d (probably 9 July 1706)founder of the colony of French Louisiana, was born at In 1697, d'Iberville commanded a French naval raid on the company's headquarters at York Factory. On the way to the fort, he defeated three ships of the Royal Navy in the Battle of the Bay, the largest naval battle in the history of the North American Arctic. The Battle of Hudson's Bay (also known as the Battle of York Factory or "The Battle of the 'Bay" was a naval battle fought during the War of the Grand Alliance D'Iberville's depleted French force captured York Factory by a ruse in which they laid siege to fort while pretending to be a much larger army. York Factory changed hands several times in the next decade. It was finally ceded permanently to what was by then the Kingdom of Great Britain (following the union of Scotland and England in 1707) in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch After the treaty, the company rebuilt York Factory as a brick star fort at the mouth of the nearby Hayes River, its present location. York Factory was a settlement located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada at the mouth of the Hayes A star fort or trace italienne is a Fortification in the style that evolved during the age of Black powder, when cannons came The Hayes River is a river in Manitoba, Canada. It is 483 km (300 mile long has a mean discharge of 590 m³/s (772 yd³/s and its drainage basin is 108000 km²

In its trade with native peoples, the company adopted the widespread use of issuing wool blankets, called Hudson's Bay point blankets, in exchange for the beaver pelts trapped by native hunters. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species A Hudson's Bay point blanket is a type of Wool Blanket traded by the Hudson's Bay Company in western British North America and the

A parallel may be drawn between HBC's control over Rupert's Land and the trade monopoly and government functions enjoyed by the Honourable East India Company over India during roughly the same period. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or

19th century

In 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and Hudson's Bay Company merged, with a combined territory that was extended by a licence to the North-Western Territory, which reached to the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec For other geographical names that use the term "Northwest" see Northwest. The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Before the merger, the employees of the HBC, unlike the North West Company, did not participate in its profits. After the merger, with all of its operations under the management of Sir George Simpson from 1826 to 1860, the company had a corps of commissioned officers, 25 chief factors and 28 chief traders who shared in the profits of the company during the monopoly years. Sir George Simpson (1787 &ndash 7 September 1860) was a Scots-Quebecer and employee of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC Its trade covered 7 770 000 km² (3,000,000 square miles) and it had 1,500 contract employees. ^[2]:8–23 These officers, together referred to as the Commissioned Gentlemen, would be promoted first to the rank of Chief Trader. A Chief Trader would be in charge of an individual post and was entitled to one share of the profits of the company. Chief Factors sat in council with the Governors and were the heads of districts. They were entitled to two shares of the profits or the losses of the company. The average income of a Chief Trader was £360 and that of a Chief Factor was £720. ^[3]:690

Although the HBC maintained a monopoly on the fur trade during the early-mid 19th century, there was competition from James Sinclair and Andrew McDermot (Dermott), independent traders in the Red River Colony, who shipped furs by the Red River Trails to Norman Kittson^[2]:60–72 a buyer in the United States. Lake Winnipeg is a very large ( Lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about north of the city Andrew McDermot (1790&ndash 12 October 1881) was a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC employee who became a prominent independent fur trade merchant and member The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300000 km² of land granted The Red River Trails were a network of ox cart routes connecting the Red River Colony (the Selkirk Settlement) and Fort Garry in British Norman Wolfred Kittson ( 5 March 1814 &ndash 10 May 1888) was variously a Fur trader Steamboat -line operator and

Throughout the 1820s and 1830s the company controlled nearly all trading operations in the Oregon Country, based out of the company headquarters at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River. Oregon Country or Oregon (to be distinguished from the American State also called Oregon) was a predominantly American term referring to Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's The Columbia River (known as Although authority over the region was nominally shared by the United States and Britain through the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, company policy, enforced via Chief Factor John McLoughlin of the company's Columbia District, was to actively discourage U. The Convention respecting fisheries boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the For the survivor of the attacks of September 11 2001 see John McLoughlin (World Trade Center attack survivor For articles on John McLaughlin see S. settlement of the territory. The company's effective monopoly on trade virtually forbade any settlement in the region. It established Fort Boise in 1834 (in present-day southwestern Idaho) to compete with the American Fort Hall, 483 km (300 miles) to the east. Fort Boise refers to two different locations in southwestern Idaho. Fort Hall was a 19th century outpost in the eastern Oregon Country, part of the present-day United States, and is located in Fort Hall Idaho. In 1837 it purchased Fort Hall, also along the route of the Oregon Trail, where the outpost director displayed the abandoned wagons of discouraged settlers to those seeking to move west along the trail. Fort Hall was a 19th century outpost in the eastern Oregon Country, part of the present-day United States, and is located in Fort Hall Idaho. Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the The company's stranglehold on the region was broken by the first successful large wagon train to reach Oregon in 1843, led by Marcus Whitman. Marcus Whitman ( September 4, 1802 &ndash November 29, 1847) was an American physician and missionary in the Oregon In the years that followed, thousands of emigrants poured into the Willamette Valley and in 1846 the United States acquired full authority of the most settled areas of the Oregon Country south of the 49th parallel. "Emigrant" redirects here For the Butterflies, see Catopsilia. The Willamette Valley () is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence 49th Parallel ( is the third film made by the British writer-director team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. McLoughlin, who had once turned away would-be settlers as company director, now welcomed them from his general store at Oregon City and was later proclaimed the "Father of Oregon". Oregon City was the first city in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The company retains no presence in the Pacific Northwest of the United States today. The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean

Also during the 1820s and 1830s, HBC trappers were deeply involved in the early exploration and development of Northern California. Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. Company trapping brigades were sent south from Fort Vancouver, along what became known as the Siskiyou Trail into Northern California as far south as the San Francisco Bay Area. The Siskiyou Trail stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley; modern-day Interstate 5 follows this pioneer path The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the These trapping brigades sent into Northern California faced serious risks, and were often the first to explore what was one of the last regions of North America to remain unexplored by Europeans or Americans.

Between 1820 and 1870, HBC issued its own paper money. Paper Money is the second album by the band Montrose. It was released in 1974 and was the last album to feature Sammy Hagar as lead vocalist The notes, denominated in pounds sterling, were printed in London and issued at the York Factory, Fort Garry and the Red River colony. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency York Factory was a settlement located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada at the mouth of the Hayes Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300000 km² of land granted

One major event that lead to the demise of the HBC's monopoly in Rupert's Land was the Guillaume Sayer Trial in 1849. Pierre Guillaume Sayer (c 1796 &ndash sometime after May 1849) was a Métis fur trader whose trial was a turning point in the ending of the Hudson's Sayer, a Métis trapper and trader, was accused of the illegal trading of furs and brought to trial by the Court of Assiniboia, which was heavily stacked with either HBC officials or HBC supporters. The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, During the trial, a crowd of armed Métis men led by Louis Riel Sr. gathered outside the courtroom, ready to support their Métis brother peacefully or by force if necessary. Louis Riel Sr ( père) (July 1817 &ndash January 21 1864) was a farmer miller Métis leader and the father of Louis Riel. Although found guilty of illegal trade by Judge Adam Thom, no fine or punishment was levied — many reports state it was due to the intimidating crowd gathered outside the courthouse. With the cry, "Le commerce est libre! Le commerce est libre!" ("Trade is free! Trade is free!"), the HBC could no longer use the courts to enforce their monopoly on the settlers of Red River.

Another factor was the findings of the Palliser Expedition of 1857 to 1860, led by Captain John Palliser. The British North American Exploring Expedition commonly called the Palliser Expedition explored and surveyed the open Prairies and rugged Wilderness John Palliser ( January 29, 1817 &ndash August 18, 1887) was an Irish -born Geographer and explorer. Although the initial report was unfavourable towards settlement, it sparked a debate which ended the myth being propagated by the Hudson's Bay Company that the Canadian West was unfit for agricultural settlement. In 1863, the International Financial Society became the majority shareholders of the HBC.

In 1870 the trade monopoly was abolished and trade in the region was opened to any entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome The company relinquished its ownership of Rupert's Land under the Rupert's Land Act of 1868 enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Rupert's Land Act of 1868 was legislation authorizing the transfer of Rupert's Land from the control of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion

Modern operations

One aspect of the company's operations was the Hudson's Bay Company Stores, trading posts that were established across northern Canada. Today, this is the only part of the company operation remaining, in the form of department stores under the name The Bay. The first department store opened in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1881. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Others soon followed. Many Hudson's Bay Company stores were, until quite recently, the only stores in remote towns. More recently, the stores in major downtown locations have been transformed into boutiques.

In 1970, on the 300th birthday of the company, head office functions were transferred from London to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page As the company expanded into the east, head office functions were moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario

Today there are five retail divisions: The Bay, Zellers, Home Outfitters, Designer Depot, and Fields. The Bay is a chain of 94 fashion Department stores that operate across parts of Canada. Zellers Inc is Canada 's second-largest chain of mass merchandise Department stores, with 282 locations in communities across Canada. Home Outfitters is Canada 's largest specialty Superstore home goods chain with 60 stores across the country selling bedding towels housewares and other home Designer Depot was a division of Canadian retailer HBC. It was created in November 2004 and sold by HBC in April 2008 to the INC Group Of Companies For the now-defunct chain of department stores in the Midwestern United States see Marshall Field's Fields is a brand of Canadian

Northern Stores are no longer operated by HBC, but by a corporation organized in 1987 under the name The North West Company. North West Company Fund is a grocery and merchandise store in remote communities across Northern Canada and Alaska. Simpson's department stores which were acquired by Hudson's Bay Company in 1979 were converted to The Bay stores in 1991. The Robert Simpson Company, or Simpsons ( Simpson's until 1972 was a Canadian Department store chain founded by Robert Simpson in In the 1970s and 1980s, HBC operated a chain of catalogue stores under the name Shop-Rite. In these stores, little merchandise was displayed openly: customers made their selections from catalogues, and staff would retrieve the merchandise from storerooms. This form of retailing, now largely disappeared, was referred to as "catalogue showroom".

The legacy of the HBC has been maintained in part by the detailed record-keeping and archiving of material by the Company. Before 1974, the records of the HBC were kept in the London office headquarters. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The HBC opened an Archives department to researchers in 1931. In 1974, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives were transferred from London to their Canadian headquarters in Winnipeg and granted public access to the collection the following year. In 1991 the archival records of the company were donated to the Manitoba Archives in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America

In 1987 the HBC sold off its Canadian fur auction business to Hudson's Bay Fur Sales Canada (this company is now known as North American Fur Auctions). North American Fur Auctions or North American Fur Association (commonly known as NAFA is a Canadian company that Auctions on consignment Fur pelts harvested In 1991, the Bay agreed to stop selling fur in response to complaints from people opposed to killing animals for this purpose. The Bay is a chain of 94 fashion Department stores that operate across parts of Canada. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. However, in 1997, the Bay reopened its fur salons to meet the demand of consumers desiring to buy fur. Animal rights groups such as Freedom for Animals have been campaigning to get the Bay to once again stop selling fur. "Animal liberation" redirects here for other uses see Animal liberation (disambiguation.

In 1994, the HBC donated the Company records to the Province of Manitoba. The appraised value of the records was nearly $60 million. A foundation, funded through the tax savings resulting from the donation, was established to support the operations of the HBCA as a division of the Archives of Manitoba, along with other activities and programs. There are more than two kilometres of documents as well as hundreds of microfilm reels now stored in a special climate-controlled vault in the Manitoba Archives Building.

In December 2003, Maple Leaf Heritage Investments, a Nova Scotia-based company that was created to acquire shares of Hudson's Bay Company, announced that it was considering making an offer to acquire all or some of the common shares of Hudson's Bay Company. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Maple Leaf Heritage Investments is a subsidiary of B-Bay Inc. , whose CEO and chairman is American businesswoman, Anita Zucker, widow of Jerry Zucker, the head of The InterTech Group Inc. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jerry Zucker (1949 &ndash April 12, 2008) was an Israeli born American businessman and resident of Charleston South Carolina. , a conglomerate that is the second-largest private firm in the state of South Carolina. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Zucker had previously been the head of the Polymer Group that acquired another Canadian institution, the Dominion Textile Company. The Dominion Textile Inc or Domtex was a major Canadian Textile manufacturer that was founded in 1905 and closed in 1998 when its remains were purchased

On January 26, 2006, HBC's board unanimously agreed to a bid of $15. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 25 CAD/share from Jerry Zucker, whose original bid was $14. Jerry Zucker (1949 &ndash April 12, 2008) was an Israeli born American businessman and resident of Charleston South Carolina. 75 CAD/share, ended a prolonged fight between HBC and Zucker, a South Carolina billionaire financier and longtime HBC minority shareholder. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. In a March 9, 2006 press release, HBC announced that Jerry Zucker would replace George Heller as the new Governor and CEO, to become the first US citizen to lead the company. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. George Heller is a Canadian businessperson He was the president and CEO of Hudson's Bay Company from 1999 to 2006 when the company was acquired by Jerry Zucker A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Zucker's wife, Anita Zucker, was immediately named HBC Governor and HBC Deputy-Governor Rob Johnston named CEO, after the death of her husband from brain cancer (April 14, 2008, CBC Newsworld). Anita Zucker was the first female Governor (or governess of the Hudson's Bay Company --which was first incorporated in 1670--and also an owner of the ECHL's South Carolina Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common CBC Newsworld is a Canadian English language Cable television specialty news channel owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

In 2007, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives became part of the United Nations Memory of the World project, under UNESCO. The Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA are located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security UNESCO 's Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative launched in 1992 in order to guard against collective amnesia calling upon the preservation of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The records covered HBC history from the founding of the company in 1670. The records contained business transactions, medical records, personal journals of officials, inventories, company reports, etc.

On March 2, 2005, the company was announced as the new clothing outfitter for the Canadian Olympic team. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The $100 million deal means that The Bay will provide clothing for the 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 games. The previous Canadian Olympic wear supplier Roots Canada Ltd. ended its involvement with Canada's Olympic teams in 2004. Roots Canada Ltd (commonly called Roots) is an Apparel Retailer that sells clothes and accessories for women men and children

Today's modern HBC has diversified into joint ventures and other types of business products. HBC has credit card, mortgage, and personal insurance branches. These other products and services are joint partnerships with other corporations, similar to what President's Choice Financial brands are to Loblaw Companies Limited. President’s Choice Financial is a Financial institution that offers banking services through a Joint venture between Loblaw Companies (a Supermarket Loblaw Companies Limited ( (LCL is the largest Retailer in Canada, with over 1690 Supermarkets operating under a variety of regional banners including HBC also has other HBC Rewards corporate partners such as: Imperial Oil/Esso, M&M Meat Shops, Chapters/Indigo Books, Kelsey's/Montana's Restaurants, Thrifty Car Rental, Cineplex Entertainment Theatres, etc. HBC Rewards is a Loyalty program where customers earn points for purchases at Hudson's Bay Company 's various chains of stores in Canada, including Imperial Oil Limited ( French: Compagnie Pétrolière Impériale Limitée) () is Canada 's largest Petroleum company Esso (SO is an international trade name for ExxonMobil and its related companies M&M Meat Shops ( Les aliments M&M in Quebec) is the largest specialty Frozen food store chain in Canada. Chapters is a Canadian Big Box Bookstore chain owned by Indigo Books and Music. Indigo is the Color on the Electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nm in Wavelength, placing it between Blue and violet Kelsey's Neighbourhood Bar & Grill is a Canadian bar and grill Restaurant chain Headquartered in Mississauga Ontario owned by Cara Operations Montana's Cookhouse is a Canadian Restaurant Headquartered in Mississauga Ontario. Dollar-Thrifty Automotive Group is a holding company for Thrifty Car Rental and Dollar Rent A Car, formed in 1990 by Chrysler and spun off in 1997 HBC Rewards points can be redeemed in house or into corporate partners' gift cards and certificates. Points can also be converted to Air Miles. The Air Miles Reward Program is a Loyalty program or Frequent flyer program in Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain (under the brand

HBC is involved in community and charity activities. The HBC Rewards Community Program help fund raise for community causes. HBC Foundation is a charity agency involved in social issues and service. HBC is also the sponsor of the annual HBC Run For Canada marathons in major Canadian cities. The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42 The marathons fund raise to support Canada's athletes in pursuing their Olympic dreams of potentially winning medals and other opportunities that may follow (http://www.hbcrunforcanada.ca/2008/index.php).

Rent obligation under Charter

Under the charter forming the Hudson's Bay Company, the company was required to give two elk skins and two black beaver pelts to the English King, then Charles II, or his heirs, whenever they visit an area that was formerly Rupert's Land. The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in Beavers are two primarily nocturnal semi-aquatic species of Rodent, one native to North America and one to Europe Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that The ceremony was first conducted with the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII) in 1927, then with King George VI in 1939, and last with his daughter, Queen Elizabeth II in 1959 and 1970. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II On the last such visit, the pelts were given in the form of two live beavers, which the Queen donated to the Winnipeg Zoo. ^[4] However, when the Company permanently moved its headquarters to Canada, the Charter was amended to remove the rent obligation. ^[5] Each of the four "rent ceremonies" took place in or around Winnipeg.

It is, however, a persistent urban legend that the company would lose its charter if it did not give the Monarch the rent any time she visits Western Canada, and so, it is alleged, there are furs and blankets stored at a Bay store in each city, with the manager prepared to rush to the airport and present them to the Queen should her plane touch down, even to refuel. An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them

Corporate governance

Current members of the board of directors of the Hudson's Bay Company are:

• Anita Zucker
• Peter C. Anita Zucker was the first female Governor (or governess of the Hudson's Bay Company --which was first incorporated in 1670--and also an owner of the ECHL's South Carolina Bourgeois
• Paul Campoli
• George Heller
• James A. George Heller is a Canadian businessperson He was the president and CEO of Hudson's Bay Company from 1999 to 2006 when the company was acquired by Jerry Zucker Ingram
• Alexamder Borjes Wilder
• Michael P. Lowry
• Michael Rousseau
• Brice Sweatt
• Ambram Steinberkman

Governors

• Prince Rupert of the Rhine (1670–1682)
• James Stuart, Duke of York (1683–1685)
• John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough (1685–1692)
• Sir Stephen Evans (1692–1696)
• Sir William Trumbull (1696–1700)
• Sir Stephen Evans (1700–1712)
• Sir Bibye Lake, Sr. Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine Duke of Bavaria (German Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Herzog von Bayern) commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (17 James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Sir William Trumbull ( 8 September, 1639 - 14 December, 1716) was an English statesman who held high office as a member of the First Whig Junto (1712–1743)
• Benjamin Pitt (1744–1746)
• Thomas Knapp (1746–1750)
• Sir Atwell Lake (1750–1760)
• Sir William Baker (1760–1770)
• Sir Bibye Lake, Jr. Sir William Baker (5 November 1705 &ndash 23 January 1770 was an English businessman and politician (1770–1782)
• Samuel Wegg (1782–1799)
• Sir James Winter Lake (1799–1807)
• William Mainwaring (1807–1812)
• Joseph Berens (1812–1822)
• Sir John Henry Pelly (1822–1852)
• Robert Waznerboj Colvile (1852–1856)
• John Shepherd (1856–1858)
• Henry Hulse Berens (1858–1863)
• Sir Edmund Walker Head (1863–1868)
• Simon Williams, 1st Earl of Kimberley (1868–1869)
• Sir Stafford Henry Northcote (1869–1874)
• George Joachim Goschen (1874–1880)
• Eden Colvile (1880–1889)
• Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal (1889–1914)
• Sir Thomas Skinner (1914–1915)
• Sir Robert Molesworth Kindersley (1916–1925)
• Charles Vincent Sale (1925–1931)
• Sir Patrick Ashley Cooper (1931–1952)
• William Keswick (1952–1965)
• Derick Heathcoat Amory, 1st Viscount Amory (1965–1970)
• George T. Sir Edmund Walker Head 8th Baronet, KCB (Wiarton Place near Maidstone February 16, 1805 &ndash January 28, 1868 Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) George Joachim Goschen 1st Viscount Goschen ( 10 August 1831 &ndash 7 February 1907) was a British Statesman and Eden Colvile ( 12 February, 1819 &ndash 2 April, 1893) was born in Langley, near Beckenham, England, son of For other people named Donald Smith see Donald Smith (disambiguation Donald Alexander Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, Robert Molesworth Kindersley 1st Baron Kindersley GBE ( November 21, 1871 &ndash July 20, 1954) was an English businessman The Keswick family (pronounced with a silent 'w' "Kezzick" are a business dynasty of Scottish origin associated with the Far East since 1855 Derick Heathcoat Amory 1st Viscount Amory, KG, PC, GCMG, TD, DL, Bart Richardson (1970–1982)
• Donald S. McGiverin (1982–1994)
• David E. Mitchell (1994–1997)
• L. Yves Fortier (1997–2006)
• Jerry Zucker (2006–2008)
• Anita Zucker (2008-)

HBC Owned & Operated Stores

The Hudson Bay Company is a parent company to many different retail and online stores including

• The Bay Department store
• Zellers
• Home Outfitters
• Designer Depot
• Fields
• hbc. L Yves Fortier CC, QC, BA BLitt BCL (born 1935 is a Canadian trial lawyer arbitrator businessman and diplomat Jerry Zucker (1949 &ndash April 12, 2008) was an Israeli born American businessman and resident of Charleston South Carolina. Anita Zucker was the first female Governor (or governess of the Hudson's Bay Company --which was first incorporated in 1670--and also an owner of the ECHL's South Carolina com (Website allowing visitors to view catelogues and shop online)

Rivals

Rivals to HBC included:

• Muscovy Company 1551–1917: taken over by Soviet Union
• Dutch East India Company 1602–1800: went bankrupt
• Dutch West India Company 1621–1791: bought by Dutch government
• Honourable East India Company 1600–1858: dissolved
• The South Sea Company 1720–1850s: abolished
• American Fur Company 1808–1842: folded
• North West Company 1779–1821

See also

• HBC Rewards
• List of Hudson's Bay Company brands
• Muscovy Company
• American Fur Company (Astoria Company)
• John McLoughlin
• Sir James Douglas
• Fort Langley National Historic Site
• Fort Nisqually
• Fort Vancouver
• Fort Victoria (British Columbia)
• Columbia District
• New Caledonia
• British colonization of the Americas
• List of Canadian department stores
• Northwest Rebellion
• Selkirk Colony

References

Further reading

External links

• Hudson's Bay Company
• North West Company – organized 1987
• Hudson's Bay Company Archives – held by the Government of Manitoba
• Full text of the Charter and Supplemental Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company from Project Gutenberg
• Exploration, the Fur Trade and Hudson's Bay Company – designed for kids in grades 4 to 7; includes links to digitized primary sources
• York Factory National Historic Site of Canada
• Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site of Canada
• Prince of Wales Fort National Historic Site of Canada
• Fort Langley National Historic Site of Canada
• Fur Trade at Lachine National Historic Site
• Works by Hudson's Bay Company at Project Gutenberg
• Museum of the Siskiyou Trail
• Hudson's Bay Company papers at the University of Oregon
• The Other Side of the Ledger: An Indian View of the Hudson's Bay Company
• Employee photos: [1] [2] [3]
• Hudson's Hope Pioneers in Pictures

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works

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