| Hubbard Glacier | |
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| Type | Tidewater/Mountain glacier |
| Location | Alaska, U.S., Yukon, Canada |
| Coordinates | |
| Length | 122 km (76 miles) |
| Terminus | Sealevel |
| Status | Stable/Advancing |
Hubbard Glacier is a tidewater glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page From its source in the Yukon, the glacier stretches 122 km (76 mi) to the sea at Yakutat Bay and Disenchantment Bay. Yakutat Bay is a 29-km-wide (18 mi bay in the US state of Alaska, extending southwest from Disenchantment Bay to the Gulf of Alaska. Disenchantment Bay extends southwest for 16 km (10 mi from the mouth of Russell Fiord to Point Latouche, at the head of Yakutat Bay in Alaska It is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska, with an open calving face over ten kilometers (6 mi) wide. [1]
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Details
Hubbard Glacier’s longest source, 122 km from its snout, is at about 11,000 feet above sea level at about 61-00N 140-09 W, about eight kilometers west of Mt. Walsh. A shorter tributary glacier begins at the easternmost summit on the Mt. Logan ridge at about 18,300 feet at about 60-35 N 140-22-40 W.
Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the Russell Fiord from Disenchantment Bay waters. Russell Fiord is a Fjord in the US state of Alaska. It extends north to Disenchantment Bay, the terminus of Hubbard Glacier, at
The Hubbard Glacier ice margin has continued to advance for about a century. In May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fiord and creating "Russell Lake. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) " All that summer the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 meters, and the decrease in salinity threatened its sea life. Salinity is the Saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of Water. [2]
Around midnight on October 8 the dam began to give way. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses In the next 24 hours an estimated 5. 3 km³ of water gushed through the gap, and the fiord was reconnected to the ocean at its previous level. A fjord or fiord (fjɔːd|fiːɔːd or fiːɔːd is a long narrow Inlet with steep sides created in a valley carved by glacial activity. [2] This was the second largest glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in recorded history. A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF can occur when a lake contained by a glacier (called Jökulhlaup if it was a Subglacial lake, Marginal lake drainage
In spring 2002, the glacier again approached Gilbert Point. It pushed a terminal moraine ahead of its face and closed the opening again in July. Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those On August 14, the terminal moraine was washed away after rains had raised the water level behind the dam it formed to 18 m (61 ft) above sea level. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures [3] The fiord could become dammed again, and perhaps permanently. If this happens, the fiord could overflow its southern banks and drain through the Situk River instead, threatening trout habitat and a local airport. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family
The ice at the foot of Hubbard Glacier is about 400 years old: it takes that long for ice to traverse the length of the glacier. The glacier routinely calves off icebergs the size of a ten-story building. An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater Ice that has broken off from a snow-formed Glacier or Ice shelf and is floating in open water Where the glacier meets the shore, most of the ice is below the waterline, and newly calved icebergs can shoot up quite dramatically, so that ships must keep their distance from it as they ply their way up and down the coast.
Cited references
- ^ Hubbard Glacier: Geology in Action!. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ a b USGS Report: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: Growing and Advancing in Spite of Global Climate Change and the 1986 and 2002 Russell Lake Outburst Floods. U. S. Geological Survey. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ 2002 Russell Fiord Closure and Russell Lake Outburst. Water Resources of Alaska • Glacier and Snow Program. U. S. Geological Survey (January 3, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
See also
External links
- Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change, U. A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF can occur when a lake contained by a glacier (called Jökulhlaup if it was a Subglacial lake, Marginal lake drainage This is a list of Glaciers. Due to somewhat sparse information some glaciers especially those in the tropics may no longer exist as listed S. Geological Survey
- Google Maps: Interactive satellite view of where Hubbard Glacier meets the sea
- U.S. Geological Survey: Sequence of photographs showing the 2002 ice blockage and breakthrough
Image gallery
 The glacier from a distance |
 Holland America Line's Oosterdam passing Turner Glacier while leaving Disenchantment Bay |
 Hubbard Glacier and icebergs formed by calving |
 Closeup of Hubbard Glacier |
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