| Hubaekje | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hubaekje, or Later Baekje, was one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, along with Hugoguryeo and Silla. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892 - 936 consisted of Silla, Hubaekje ("Later Baekje " and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo Taebong or Later Goguryeo was a state established by Gung Ye (궁예 弓裔 on the Korean peninsula in 901, during the Later Three Kingdoms Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It was officially founded by the disaffected Silla general Gyeon Hwon in 900, and fell to Wanggeon's Goryeo army in 936. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gyeon Hwon (867?-936 reigned 900-935 was the king and founder of Hubaekje, one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea. Events By place Asia Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, Taejo of Goryeo ( January 31, 877 - July 4, 943, r 918-943 was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty which ruled Korea from The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. Events By Place Asia King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon defeats Hubaekje. Its capital was at Jeonju, in present-day North Jeolla province. Jeonju is a city in South Korea, and the capital of Jeollabuk-do, or North Jeolla Province Jeollabuk-do (North Jeolla is a province in the southwest of South Korea. Most of our information about the kingdom comes from the accounts found in the Samguk Yusa and Samguk Sagi, which largely coincide. Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo Samguk Sagi ( History of the Three Kingdoms) is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and
Contents |
Background
 History of Korea |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Prehistory |
||||||
|
|
||||||
When it began with his attack on Gwangju in 892, Gyeon Hwon's was only one among numerous rebellions which sprouted up against the weak Silla rulers in late 9th century. The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. This article is about the prehistory of the Korean Peninsula, from circa 500000 BCE through 300 BCE The Jeulmun Pottery Period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 8000-1500 B The Mumun pottery period is an Archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE bordering the Korean Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the period after the fall of Gojoseon and before the maturation of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla into Buyeo, Puyŏ, or Fuyu was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd Okjeo was a small tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 150 BCE to around 400 CE Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gaya was a confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan North South States Period ( 698 CE - 936 CE refers to the period in Korean history when Silla and Balhae Unified Silla ( 668 CE - 935 CE or Later Silla is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Alternate meaning Bohai Sea Balhae (698 - 926 ( Bohai in Chinese, Пархэ in Russian) was an The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892 - 936 consisted of Silla, Hubaekje ("Later Baekje " and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 Two Japanese invasions of Korea and subsequent battles on the Korean peninsula took place during the years 1592-1598 The First Manchu invasion of Korea occurred in 1627 when Hong Taiji led the Manchu army against Korea 's Joseon dynasty. The Korean Empire was a former small empire of Korea that lasted from the Gwangmu Restoration of 1897 until Japan 's annexation of Korea in 1910 Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a Government in exile based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan For the history of Korea before its division, see History of Korea. For the history of the Korea before its division, see History of Korea. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates This is a Timeline of the History of Korea. Some dates prior to the 6th century CE are speculative or approximate Korea ' s military history spans back thousands of years beginning with the kingdom of Gojoseon and its repulsions of ancient China The naval history of Korea dates back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea period when simple fishing ships were used Like most other regions in the world science and technology in Korea has experienced periods of intense growth as well as long periods of stagnation Gwangju Metropolitan City is the sixth largest city in South Korea. Events By Place Europe Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia, is deposed by the German Carolingian king Rebellion is a refusal of obedienceIt may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of Behaviours from Civil disobedience and mass Nonviolent resistance The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Many of these rebellions were initially triggered by the Silla decision to use force to collect taxes on the peasantry in 889 (Lee, 1984, p. Events By Place Asia Yasovarman I succeeds Indravarman II as ruler of the Khmer empire. 98). At this time most of the power on the peninsula was held by local gentry, who lacked strong loyalty to the central government. Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. It was thus fairly easy for rebellions led by disaffected military officials to gain steam.
In its name, Hubaekje sought to establish itself as the legitimate successor to the ancient kingdom of Baekje which had ruled the southwestern Korean peninsula until conquered by Silla in 660. Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Physical geography See also Geography of North Korea, Geography of South Korea Mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains are Events By Place Europe Slavic principality of Carantania is first mentioned in historical sources
Internal affairs
For all but the last year of its existence, Hubaekje was ruled by Gyeon Hwon, and his personal style of rule played a key role in the kingdom's fate.
After declaring himself king, Gyeon Hwon took numerous wives, and is said to have had 10 sons by them in addition to the 8 borne by his first wife. Polygyny (which comes from neo- Greek: πολύ poly "many" + γυνή gyny "woman" is a specific form of Polygamy, This laid the groundwork for the strife which ended the kingdom's existence.
In 935, Gyeon Hwon chose his fourth son Geumgang over the elder sons as the crown prince of Hubaekje. Events By Place Europe Estimation Córdoba, capital of Al-Andalus, becomes the largest city of the world taking the lead Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. At this the eldest son, Singeom, conspiring with his brothers, had his father confined to Geumsan Temple in Gimje. Singeom (r 935-936 was the second and final king of Hubaekje, one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gimje ( Gimje-si) is a city in North Jeolla Province South Korea. Singeom killed Prince Geumgang and took the throne for himself. However, Gyeon Hwon escaped to Goryeo.
Military affairs
For much of its existence, Hubaekje was troubled by Wanggeon's naval raids along its coast. These worked to disrupt trade and diplomatic ties with China.
Hubaekje possessed considerable military strength, and Lee (1984, p. 99) writes of Gyeon Hwon that "Had Kungye and Wang Kŏn not stood in his way, he surely would have had little difficulty in toppling Silla. Gung Ye (ruled 901 – 918) was the king of a short-lived state (901-918 (see Later Three Kingdoms) on the Korean peninsula. " Hubaekje showed its greatest strength in 927. Events Asia The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin. Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of In that year its armies attacked and pillaged the Silla capital at Gyeongju, slaying King Gyeongae and establishing King Gyeongsun as the ruler. Gyeongju is an administrative division of South Korea and one of the most popular tourist destinations in South Korea Gyeongae of Silla (d 927 r 924-927 was the 55th ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. Gyeongsun of Silla (d 978 r 927-935 was the 56th and final ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. Before the attack, Silla had sent for aid to Goryeo, and Wanggeon arrived with a large army shortly after Gyeongju was taken. The two armies met near Palgong Mountain in present-day Daegu. Palgongsan, also Palgong Mountain, is a mountain in southeastern South Korea, lying on an outlier of the Taebaek range. Daegu (pronounced) also spelled Taegu (pronounced) officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the fourth largest city in South Korea after Wanggeon's forces in the battle reportedly numbered 10,000 men. Hubaekje triumphed, and Wanggeon himself only escaped through the daring self-sacrifice of his general Shin Sung-gyeom and Gim Rak. Shin Sung-gyeom (d 927 was a Korean general during the turbulent Later Three Kingdoms period in the early 10th century
However, when the two armies met again at the Battle of Gochang near Andong in 930, Goryeo scored a decisive victory. Andong is a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province South Korea. It is the largest city in the northern part of the province with a population of almost 185000 Events By Place Europe With the establishment of the Althing, now the world's oldest Parliament, the Icelandic Commonwealth Hubaekje was pushed back into its heartland, and there suffered a further crippling defeat at Hongseong in 934. Hongseong County ( Hongseong-gun) is a county in South Chungcheong Province South Korea. Events By Place Asia The Goryeo army defeats Hubaekje forces in present-day Hongseong County.
Diplomatic ties
As Wanggeon sought to maintain legitimacy through diplomatic ties with northern China, Gyeon Hwon strove to do the same by maintaining ties with the rulers of southern China, particularly Wuyue. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kingdom of Wuyue ( Traditional Chinese: 吳越國 Simplified Chinese: 吴越国 Pinyin Wúyuè Guó 907 - 978, was a small independent However, because Hubaekje's existence largely coincided with the turbulent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China, neither side was able to parlay these ties into military support. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty.
Fall
After he was deposed by his sons in 935 and fled to Goryeo, Gyeon Hwon himself came to lead the armies against Hubaekje. Together with Wanggeon, the Samguk Yusa reports that he led an army of 100,000 against his former kingdom. Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo The Goryeo and Hubaekje armies met at Seonsan, today part of Gumi in North Gyeongsang province, and the Hubaekje forces were destroyed. Seonsan, or Seonsan-eup, is an eup or large village in Gumi City Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Gumi is a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. It is located on the Nakdong River, half way between Daegu and Gimcheon Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang is a province in eastern South Korea. Hubaekje thus finally fell in 936, one year after King Gyeongsun had surrendered Silla to Wanggeon. The battle of Seonsan thus marked the end of the Later Three Kingdoms period.
In his own characteristically open-handed style, Wanggeon conferred a title upon the defeated leader Singeom. Singeom's younger brothers Yanggeom and Yonggeom, who were judged to have been to blame for the coup d'etat, were sent into exile. To blame is to hold another person or group responsible for perceived faults whether these faults are real imagined or merely invented for pejorative purposes Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return
See also
References
Lee, K. The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts (1984). A new history of Korea. Trans. by E. W. Wagner & E. J. Schulz, based on Korean rev. ed. of 1976. Seoul: Ilchogak. ISBN 89-337-0204-0
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic