- This is a Chinese name; the family name is Huang. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Chinese family name is one of the hundreds or thousands of Family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic
Huang Chao (Chinese: 黃巢; pinyin: Huáng Cháo; Wade-Giles: Huang Ch'ao, d. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin 884) was the leader of infamous Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884) in China that seriously weakened the once mighty Tang Dynasty of China. Events By Place Europe March 1 — Diego Rodríguez Porcelos founds and repopulates Burgos. Huang Chao ( d 884 was the leader of infamous Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884 in China that seriously weakened the once mighty Tang Dynasty of China Events By Place Europe Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland, settling Events By Place Europe March 1 — Diego Rodríguez Porcelos founds and repopulates Burgos. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The dynasty, which was one of the strongest in the world at the time, was dissolved into the several decades of political upheaval called Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty.
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Early life
The exact date and place of Huang Chao's birth is unknown; all that is known about his youth was that he was born around today's Shandong region, and he already wrote a poem when he was only 5. ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. With his ability of writing and knowledge, he tried to enter politics by taking civil service examination. Civic service exams were implemented in various countries as a way to achieve an effective rational Public administration on a Merit system. After failing the exam, he began to doubt the justice of the society and government and entered illegal salt dealing business (the salt business was monopolized by government of China since the reign of Emperor Wu of Han), advocating anti-government movement at the same time, along with other famous salt kingpins such as Wang Xianzhi. Background birth and years as crown prince Emperor Wu was the tenth child of Emperor Jing, and was born to one of Emperor Jing's favorite Concubines,
Background of the Rebellion
The Tang Dynasty, established in 618, had already passed its golden age and entered its long decline beginning with the An Shi Rebellion by Turkish-Sogdian general An Lushan. Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. The An Shi Rebellion ( took place in China during the Tang Dynasty, from December 16 755 to February 17 763. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Background and Name An Lushan's mother was of Tujue ethnicity from the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress The power of provincial military governors (Jiedushi) increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the An Shi rebels. The Jiedushi ( were regional military governors in China during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. The morals of these generals also decayed as their power increased, the resentment of common people against the inability of the government grew, and their grievances exploded into several rebellions during the mid-9th century. Many impoverished farmers, tax-burdened landowners and merchants, as well as many large salt smuggling operations, formed the base of the anti-government rebellions of this period. Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao were two of the important rebel leaders during this era.
Rebellion and Expansion
Around the 870s a severe drought and famine struck northern and central China, and most of the starving people joined various criminal gangs, and turned into mobs. Wang Xianzhi, based on similar region with Huang Chao, revolted against Tang rule and began to gather followers. Huang Chao also rebelled against the government, leading his gang against regular army with guerilla tactics. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc
The Royal Tang court of Chang'an, upon hearing the news of the rebellion, dispatched the larger troops, and at the same time, began to work on the rivalry of two gangs. UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the The Tang government rewarded Wang Xianzhi with formal office of the imperial court, and bribed his gang. Then Wang Xianzhi turned against Huang Chao; however, Huang Chao defeated and convinced Wang again to revolt against the emperor. Then Wang Xianzhi began to fight Tang forces once again, only to be captured and excuted by the Tang government. Large numbers of Wang Xianzhi's followers sided with Huang Chao's group, almost doubling the size of the gang. Huang Chao further expanded his power by attracting thousands and millions of impoverished farmers, merchants and anarchists. His army plundered and burnt several cities, in 880 Huang Chao's forces sacked both Chang'an and Luoyang which was at the time the largest city in China. See Interstate 880 for the American Freeway Events By Place Europe Oldest known mention of the city of Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China.
Downfall and Death
Although Huang Chao invited many former Tang officials to his new court, because it was established by a criminal, anarchist organization it had no real idea of how to govern the nation effectively. Meanwhile, Tang Emperor Xizong, still leading the Empire from a regional base in present-day Sichuan, started the counter-attack against the rebel troops. Emperor Tang Xizong (唐僖宗李儇 862&ndash888 born Li Xuan was the 18th emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. ( Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in western China with its capital in Chengdu. At the same time, Shatuo Turk chieftain Li Keyong allied himself with Tang officials, sending cavalry to the aid of the Tang, and began to harass Huang Chao's new regime. Huang Chao's forces surrendered Chang'an in 881, and Huang Chao began to flee eastward. Events By Place Europe Charles the Fat is crowned Western Emperor In addition, a letter written by a Korean student Choe Chi-won convinced thousands of Huang's followers to betray Huang and return to Tang Dynasty. Choe Chiwon (857-10th century was a noted Korean Confucian official philosopher and poet of the late Unified Silla period (668-935
On the other hand, Zhu Wen, once a loyal member of Huang Chao's gang, began to have other thoughts. Zhu Quanzhong 朱全忠 originally named Zhu Wen 朱温 (852&ndash912 was a Jiedushi (節度使 military governor at the end of the Tang dynasty. In 882, he deserted his old boss and joined the imperial army with his unit. Events By Place Europe Carloman King of the West Franks, becomes sole king upon the death of his brother Immediately, Zhu was promoted to the rank of general and he drove Huang Chao to Tai Shan; Huang Chao, realizing his cause was lost, committed suicide in 884, thus ending the rebellion. Events By Place Europe March 1 — Diego Rodríguez Porcelos founds and repopulates Burgos.
Legacy
Even though Huang Chao was just one of many rebel leaders in Chinese history, the significance of his rebellion equals that of Tai Ping Rebellion or the Yellow Turbans. This is a list of major rebellions that have occurred in China from 209 BCE to present times The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China The Yellow Turban Rebellion, sometimes also translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, ( was a AD 184 peasant rebellion against Emperor Ling of Han Although the Huang's rebellion occurred in a smaller scale than An Shi Rebellion, it led to the downfall of Tang Dynasty in 907, by Huang Chao's former follower Zhu Wen. It also gave power to Turkish chief Li Keyong, whose son defeated Zhu Wen's Later Liang Dynasty and established Later Tang, extending the civil war even further. The Later Liang ( ( June 5, 907 - 923) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period It also has significance in the sense of agrarian protest and anarchist movement. This was also the first major rebellion sprang by criminal organization(?)
Work Referenced
Mote, F. W. (1999). Imperial China 900-1800. Harvard University Press.
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