| Hualālai | |
|---|---|
 North face of Hualālai as seen from Waimea |
|
| Elevation | 8,271 ft (2,521 metres) |
| Location | Hawaiʻi, USA |
| Range | Hawaiian Islands |
| Prominence | 2,473 m |
| Coordinates | |
| Topo map | USGS Hualālai |
| Type | Shield volcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |
| Age of rock | 128,000 years[1] |
| Last eruption | 1801[1] |
Hualālai is the third-most historically active shield volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands. Waimea is a Census-designated place (CDP in Hawai{{okina}}i County Hawai{{okina}}i, United States. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Mountains can be characterized in several ways Some mountains are Volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava and eruptive history A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or Mountains formed by Plate tectonics as an oceanic Tectonic plate subducts under A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields Volcanic belts are found above zones The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian Ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model) relating Stratigraphy to time that is used by Geologists and other Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday A shield volcano is a large Volcano with shallow-sloping sides The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island, is a volcanic Island in the U The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller Its peak is at 8,271 ft (2,521 m) above sea level. Hualālai lies more or less due west of the saddle between the much taller Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa mountains, and forms the backdrop to the town of Kailua-Kona. Mauna Kea is a Dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes which together form the Island of Hawaii. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U In fact, the town is built on the southwestern slope of this mountain, where most of the world famous Kona coffee is grown. Kona coffee is the market name for a variety of Coffee ( Coffea arabica) cultivated on the slopes of Mount Hualalai and Mauna Loa in
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Structure
Hualālai is built from a well-defined (hi) rift zone that trends approximately N50°W across its summit and a less well-defined rift zone that trends northward from a point 3 mi east of the summit (Macdonald and Abbott, 1970). A rift zone is a feature of some Volcanoes especially the Shield volcanoes of Hawaii, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic The oldest dated rocks on the mountain surface are about 128,000 years before present (0. 1 MYA). It is estimated that the volcano appeared above sea level some 300,000 years ago (0. 3 MYA; USGS).
Over 100 cinder and spatter cones are arranged along the rift zones. Volcanic cones are among the simplest Volcano formations in the world There is no summit caldera, just a collapse crater (~ 0. A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity 3 mile across) at the top of a small lava shield. Much of the southern slope (above the town of Kailua-Kona) consists of lava flows covered by a layer of volcanic ash from 10 cm (a few inches) to a meter (3 ft) thick. Volcanic ash consists of small Tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions less than in diameter Hualālai appears to have entered the late stage of the eruptive cycle of Hawaiian volcanoes
Hualalai is a shield volcano located on Hawaii. The summit of Hualalai is 8271 ft. (2523 m. ) above sea level. This volcano is farthest west of all the 5 major Hawaiian volcanoes. It is found at 19. 69°N, 155. 87°W in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The last eruption of Hualalai was in 1800-1801 along the northwest rift zone. When it erupted 6 vents opened up and caused craters to occur. It is to be considered the third most active volcano in Hawaii, after Mauna Loa and Kilauea. It is on a hot spot in the middle of the Pacific plate. Hualalai grew above sea level approximately 300,000 years ago. [2]—the post-shield stage[1].
Recent eruptions
Six vents erupted lava between the late 1700s and 1801, two of which generated lava flows that poured into the sea along the west coast of the island. The Keāhole-Kona Airport, located only 11 km (7 mi) north of Kailua-Kona, is built atop the smaller Huehue flow (1801) just north of Keāhole Point[3]. Kona International Airport at Keahole is an Airport on the Island of Hawai‘i, in Hawai‘i County, Hawai‘i, United States
Although Hualālai is not nearly as active as nearby Mauna Loa or Kīlauea, recent geologic mapping of the volcano shows that 80 percent of the mountain surface is covered by lava flows no older than about 5,000 years. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U Kīlauea (kiːlauea is an active Volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five Shield volcanoes that together form the Island of Hawai{{okina}}i In the past few decades, when most of the resorts, homes, and commercial buildings were built on the flanks of Hualālai, earthquake activity beneath the volcano has been low. In 1929, however, an intense swarm of earthquakes lasting more than a month was most likely caused by magma rising to near the surface. For these reasons, Hualālai is considered a potentially dangerous volcano that is likely to erupt again sometime in the next 100 years[1].
References
- ^ a b c d Hualālai, Hawaiʻi's Third Active Volcano. USGS.
- ^ Macdonald, G. A. ; A. T. Abbott (1970). Volcanoes in the Sea. Univ. of Hawaiʻi Press, 441.
- ^ Fishponds versus lavaflows. USGS (1997).
External links
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