Howard University
Howard University seal
Motto:	Veritas et Utilitas (Latin:Truth and Service)
Established:	1867
Type:	Private
Religious affiliation:	Nonsectarian
Endowment:	US$532 million [1]
President:	H. Patrick Swygert
Staff:	3,953
Undergraduates:	7,063
Postgraduates:	3,682
Location:	Washington, D.C.
Campus:	Urban; 258 acres (1. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Nonsectarian, in its most literal sense refers to a lack of Sectarianism. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been University president is the title of the highest ranking officer within a University, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as H Patrick Swygert (born 1943 was the president of Howard University in Washington DC from 1995 until 2008 Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D 0 km²)
Colors:	Red, White, and Blue
Mascot:	Bison
Athletics:	NCAA Division I 19 Varsity Teams
Affiliations:	Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
Website:	www.howard.edu

Howard University (HU) is a private, coeducational, nonsectarian university located in Washington, D.C., United States. School colors are the Colors chosen by a School to represent it on uniforms and other items of identification The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common This is an article about an animal For other uses see Bison (disambiguation. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools is a voluntary peer-based Non-profit association dedicated to educational excellence and improvement through peer evaluation A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities Nonsectarian, in its most literal sense refers to a lack of Sectarianism. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Established on March 2, 1867 under a charter enacted by Congress and approved by President Andrew Johnson, the college was named after General Oliver O. Howard who was commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau and the college's third president. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination Oliver Otis Howard ( November 8, 1830 &ndash October 26, 1909) was a career United States Army officer and a Union The Bureau of Refugees Freedmen and Abandoned Lands (usually referred to as the Freedmen's Bureau) was a U A historically black university, the college currently ranks 96th among national universities in the U.S. News & World Report's "America's Best Colleges 2008" rankings. Historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs) are institutions of Higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the intention USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D ^[2] Howard University is the number-one producer of African American Ph.D.s in the United States. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. ^[3][4] It is often known as the Black Harvard. ^[5]

Background

Howard was established by a charter in 1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction, and tuition. An annual congressional appropriation administered by the Secretary of the Interior funded the school. The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. Today, it is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund^[6] and is partially funded by the US Government, which gives approximately $235 million annually. The Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund is a philanthropic organization that fundraises college tuition money for black students and general scholarship funds for 54 schools ^[7][8] From its outset, it was nonsectarian and open to people of both sexes and all races. Nonsectarian, in its most literal sense refers to a lack of Sectarianism. ^[9] Howard has graduate schools of pharmacy, law, medicine, dentistry and divinity, in addition to the undergraduate program. The current enrollment (as of 2003) is approximately 11,000, including 7,000 undergraduates. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The university's football homecoming activities serve as one of the premier annual events in Washington. ^[10]

History

Founders Library is an iconic building on the Howard University campus that has been declared a National Historic Landmark. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

Howard University has played an important role in American history and the Civil Rights Movement on a number of occasions. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Alain Locke, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and first African American Rhodes Scholar, authored The New Negro, which helped to usher in the Harlem Renaissance. Alain LeRoy Locke ( September 13, 1885 &ndash June 9, 1954) was an American Writer, Philosopher, Educator African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Rhodes Scholarship Rhodes scholar redirects here Rhodes Scholar redirects here Rhodes scholars The New Negro An Interpretation is a book edited by Alain Locke in 1925 about African Americans in the United States. The Harlem Renaissance was named after the anthology The New Negro, edited by Alain Locke in 1925 ^[11] Ralph Bunche, the first Nobel Peace Prize winner of African descent, served as chair of the Department of Political Science. Dr Ralph Johnson Bunche ( August 7, 1903 &ndash December 9, 1971) was an American Political scientist and Diplomat The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems ^[12] Stokely Carmichael, also known as Kwame Toure, a student in the Department of Philosophy and the Howard University School of Divinity coined the term "Black Power" and worked in Lowndes County, Alabama as a voting rights activist. Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael ( June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998) also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael ( June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998) also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Black Power is a racially based Political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally ^[13] Historian Rayford Logan served as chair of the Department of History. Rayford Wittingham Logan ( January 7, 1897 &ndash November 4, 1982) was an African American historian and Pan-African activist History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology ^[14] E. Franklin Frazier served as chair of the Department of Sociology. Edward Franklin Frazier (September 24 1894 - May 17 1962 was an American Sociologist. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" ^[15] Sterling Allen Brown served as chair of the Department of English. Sterling Allen Brown ( May 1, 1901 – January 13, 1989) was an African-American professor author of works on Folklore, English studies is an academic discipline that includes the study of Literatures written in the English language (including literatures from the U

After being refused admission to the then-white-only University of Maryland School of Law, a young Lincoln University graduate Thurgood Marshall enrolled at Howard University School of Law instead. University of Maryland Baltimore, (also known as UMB) was founded in 1807 Lincoln University ( LU) is America's first degree granting historically black university located in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American In the United States, a Law school is an institution where students obtain a professional education in law. There he studied under Charles Hamilton Houston, a Harvard Law School graduate and leading civil rights lawyer who at the time was the dean of Howard's law school. Charles Hamilton Houston ( September 3, 1895 – April 22, 1950) was an African American Lawyer, Dean of Howard University Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Houston took Marshall under his wing, and the two forged a friendship that would last for the remainder of Houston's life. Howard University was the site where Marshall and his team of legal scholars from around the nation prepared to argue the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case. Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 347 US 483 (1954 was a Landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, which overturned earlier ^[16]

Main Hall and Miner Hall in 1868. Miner Hall is located to the left.

Howard is the site of the historic Black Greek letter organization among black colleges. Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal Although not the first black greek letter organization (see Sigma Pi Phi (the boule')), nor the first to be officially recognized by Howard University Board of Deans, Alpha Phi Alpha was the first to appear and establish itself amongst the male students of Howard University. Sigma Pi Phi is generally considered to be the first African-American Greek-lettered organization Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of Soon after came the other prominent black greek organizations, who hold a special bond to Howard University, as they were founded on the Howard campus. The Alpha chapters of Alpha Kappa Alpha in 1908, Delta Sigma Theta in 1913, Omega Psi Phi 1911, Phi Beta Sigma in 1914 and Zeta Phi Beta in 1920 hold this special bond. Alpha Kappa Alpha ( ΆΚΆ) is the first Greek-lettered Sorority established and incorporated by African American college women Delta Sigma Theta ( ΔΣΘ) Sorority is a Non-profit Greek letter organization of college educated women who perform public service placing emphasis on the Omega Psi Phi (ΩΨΦ is an international fraternity and was the first African-American national fraternal organization to be founded at a historically black Phi Beta Sigma (ΦΒΣ is a predominately African-American fraternity which was founded at Howard University in Washington D Zeta Phi Beta ( ΖΦß) is an international historically black Greek-lettered sorority and a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council. ^[17]

Major improvements, additions, and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All New buildings were built under the direction of architect Albert Cassell. Albert Irvin Cassell (1895-1969 was a prominent mid-twentieth-century African American Architect in Washington D ^[18] In 1918, all the secondary schools of the university were abolished and the whole plan of undergraduate work changed. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The four-year college course was divided into two periods of two years each, the Junior College, and the Senior Schools. The semester system was abolished in 1919 and the quarter system substituted. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Twenty-three new members were added to the faculty between the reorganization of 1918 and 1923. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A dining hall building with class rooms for the department of home economics was built in 1921 at a cost of $301,000. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar A greenhouse was erected in 1919. A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse or hothouse) is a building where plants are cultivated Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Howard Hall was renovated and made a dormitory for girls; many improvements were made on campus; J. Stanley Durkee, Howard's last white president, was appointed in 1918. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[19]

In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a speech to the graduating class at Howard, where he outlined his plans for civil rights legislation and endorsed aggressive affirmative action to combat the effects of years of segregation of blacks from the nation's economic opportunities. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Affirmative action in the United States|Employment equity (Canada|Reservation in India|Numerus clausus The term affirmative action describes many policies aimed at a historically ^[20]

In 1989, Howard gained national attention when students rose up in protest against the appointment of then-Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater as a new member of the university's Board of Trustees. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. Harvey Leroy "Lee" Atwater ( February 27, 1951 &ndash March 29, 1991) was an Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's Administration building. ^[21] Within days, both Atwater and Howard's President, James E. Cheek, resigned. Dr James Edward Cheek, president emeritus of Howard University, was born in Roanoke Rapids North Carolina, on December 4, 1932. ^[22] The Division of Nursing faced losing its accreditation and being placed on probation for a second time because of the program's deficiencies. The Division of Allied Health Science, Physical Therapy and Physician Assistant program are also on probational accreditation status. ^[23] In addition, the residency programs at Howard University Hospital received a much-publicized unfavorable assessment by the Accrediting Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). ^[24] Swygert announced in May 2007 he would retire from Howard in June 2008. ^[25]

On May 7, 2008 Howard announced the appointment of Sidney Ribeau of Bowling Green State University to the presidency of Howard. Bowling Green State University (BGSU is a public four-year institution located in Bowling Green Ohio, USA, about 20 miles south of Toledo Ohio on ^[26]

Schools and colleges

Howard Bison logo

• College of Arts and Sciences
• School of Business
• John H. Johnson School of Communications
• College of Dentistry
• School of Divinity
• School of Education
• College of Engineering, Architecture & Computer Sciences
• Howard University Graduate School
• School of Law
• College of Medicine
• College of Pharmacy, Nursing & Allied Health Sciences
• School of Social Work
• (MS)2 Middle School of Mathematics and Science

Research Centers

Moorland-Spingarn Research Center

Main article: Moorland-Spingarn Research Center

The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC) is recognized as one of the world's largest and most comprehensive repositories for the documentation of the history and culture of people of African descent in Africa, the Americas, and other parts of the world. The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC is recognized as one of the world's largest and most comprehensive repositories for the documentation of the The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America As one of the university's major research facilities, the MSRC collects, preserves, and makes available for research a wide range of resources chronicling the Black experience. A research library is a Library which contains an in-depth collection of material on one or several subjects [1]

Publications

Howard University is the publisher of The Journal of Negro Education which began publication in 1932

Presidents of Howard University

Alumni

Howard University has conferred over 99,318 degrees and certificates in its 140-year history. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) H Patrick Swygert (born 1943 was the president of Howard University in Washington DC from 1995 until 2008 Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Noteworthy alumni include Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, actor Ossie Davis, Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall (School of Law), Claude Brown, Stokeley Carmichael, Tracie Thoms, Roberta Flack, Lance Gross, Shaka Hislop, Phylicia Rashad, Richard Smallwood and many other educators, politicians, diplomats, writers, prominent international figures, and corporate executives. This is a list of Nobel Prize Laureates awarded for their outstanding contributions to Humanitarian causes for Peace, work in Literature Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18 1931 is a Nobel Prize -winning American author editor and professor Ossie Davis ( December 18 1917 – February 4 2005) was an American Film Actor, director, Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American Claude Brown ( February 23, 1937 - February 2, 2002) is the author of Manchild in the Promised Land, published to critical Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael ( June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998) also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian Tracie Nicole Thoms (born August 19, 1975) is an American Television, Film, and stage Actress. Roberta Flack (born February 10, 1937) is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician who is notable in the areas of Jazz Lance Gross is a NAACP Image Award -winning American actor currently portraying a character in the TBS sitcom Tyler Perry's House of Payne, and other Neil Shaka Hislop CM (born 22 February 1969) is a former professional football goalkeeper. Phylicia Rashād (born Phylicia Ayers-Allen on June 19, 1948) is a Tony Award -winning American actress, perhaps best known Richard Smallwood is an American Gospel music artist born in Atlanta Georgia who formed The Richard Smallwood Singers in 1977 in Washington DC The 1990s R&B group Shai was formed on the campus of Howard University. Shai is an early 1990s vocal R&B / soul Quartet. Their biggest hit was an A cappella single " If I Ever Fall in Love " Their hit song "If I Ever Fall In Love" was recorded there as well. The Hollywood Reporter reported that when Howard alumna Debbie Allen became the producer-director of the popular television series A Different World, she "drew from her college experiences in an effort to accurately reflect in the show the social and political life on black campuses. The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. Deborrah Kaye “Debbie” Allen (b January 16, 1950) is an American Actress, Choreographer, Television director, "

Main article: List of Howard University people

Student organizations originated at Howard University

A number of student organizations were founded at Howard University, including:

• Alpha Kappa Alpha Founded - 1908
• Omega Psi Phi Founded - 1911
• Delta Sigma Theta Founded - 1913
• Phi Beta Sigma Founded - 1914
• Zeta Phi Beta Founded - 1920

Howard University is also host to other Greek letter organizations, including Alpha Phi Alpha,Alpha Phi Omega Kappa Alpha Psi, Sigma Gamma Rho, Gamma Iota Sigma, Iota Phi Theta, Phi Mu Alpha, Sigma Alpha Iota, Delta Sigma Pi, Phi Sigma Pi, Alpha Phi Omega, Gamma Sigma Sigma, Kappa Kappa Psi, and Tau Beta Sigma. This list of Howard University people, sometimes known as Howardites, includes faculty staff graduates non-graduate former students and current students of Alpha Kappa Alpha ( ΆΚΆ) is the first Greek-lettered Sorority established and incorporated by African American college women Omega Psi Phi (ΩΨΦ is an international fraternity and was the first African-American national fraternal organization to be founded at a historically black Delta Sigma Theta ( ΔΣΘ) Sorority is a Non-profit Greek letter organization of college educated women who perform public service placing emphasis on the Phi Beta Sigma (ΦΒΣ is a predominately African-American fraternity which was founded at Howard University in Washington D Zeta Phi Beta ( ΖΦß) is an international historically black Greek-lettered sorority and a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council. Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of Alpha Phi Omega (commonly known as APO but also ΑΦΩ A-Phi-O and A-Phi-Q is the largest collegiate fraternity in the United States, with chapters at over 350 campuses an Kappa Alpha Psi ( KAΨ) is a collegiate Greek-letter fraternity with a predominantly African American membership Sigma Gamma Rho ( ΣΓΡ) was founded on the campus of Butler University on November 12, 1922, by seven school teachers in Indianapolis, Gamma Iota Sigma ( GIS) is a college academic fraternity, founded on April 16, 1966 at Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio The Iota Phi Theta Fraternity ( ΙΦΘ) is a nationally incorporated predominantly African-American fraternity was founded on September 19 1963 Phi Mu Alpha (ΦΜΑ Sinfonia is a collegiate social fraternity for men with an interest in music Sigma Alpha Iota ( ΣΑΙ) is a music fraternity Formed to "uphold the highest ideals of a music education" and "to further the development of music in America" ΔΣΠ (Delta Sigma Pi is a Co-ed professional business fraternity in the United States of America. Phi Sigma Pi ( ΦΣΠ) is a national Coeducational honor fraternity based in the United States Alpha Phi Omega (commonly known as APO but also ΑΦΩ A-Phi-O and A-Phi-Q is the largest collegiate fraternity in the United States, with chapters at over 350 campuses an Gamma Sigma Sigma (ΓΣΣ is a national service Sorority founded in October 1952 at Beekman Tower in New York City. Kappa Kappa Psi is a national honorary band fraternity dedicated to serving college and university bands The fraternity headquartered at Tau Beta Sigma is a Co-educational national honorary band Sorority dedicated to serving college and university bands The Sorority

See also

• List of historically black colleges of the United States
• Howard University alumni

References

External links

• Howard University
• University Hospital
• The Hilltop (student newspaper)
• Howard University Press
• Howard Athletics
• Howard Homecoming
• PBS
• Black Excel
• [2]
• Oliver Howard Memorial at Gettysburg