| Howard Metzenbaum | |
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| In office January 4, 1974 – December 23, 1974 December 29, 1976 – January 4, 1995 |
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| Preceded by | William B. Saxbe Robert Taft, Jr. |
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| Succeeded by | John H. Glenn, Jr. Mike DeWine |
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| Born | June 4, 1917 Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Died | March 12, 2008 (aged 90) Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Religion | Judaism |
Howard Morton Metzenbaum (June 4, 1917–March 12, 2008) was an American politician who served for almost 20 years as a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Ohio (1974, 1976–1995). The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 William Bart Saxbe (born June 24, 1916) was an American politician of the Republican Party, who served as a U Robert Taft (generally known as Robert Taft Jr for the sake of convenience - see below) ( February 26, 1917 &ndash December 7, John Herschel Glenn Jr (born July 18 1921 in Cambridge Ohio) is a former United States Senator who first rose to fame as the first American to Orbit Richard Michael "Mike" DeWine (born January 5, 1947) is a former Republican senator from Ohio Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads
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Biography
Early life
Metzenbaum was born in Cleveland, to a wealthy Jewish retailing family, the son of Anna (née Klafter) and Charles I. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Metzenbaum. He received a bachelor's degree from Ohio State University in 1939 and a Juris Doctor (J. A bachelor is a man above the Age of majority who has never been married (see single) The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional D. ) degree from the same school in 1941. During the 1940s, he practiced law in Cleveland, mostly for large labor unions, first the Communications Workers of America and then the International Association of Machinists. Communications Workers of America (CWA is the largest communications and media labor union in the United States (the union also has locals in Canada The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers is an AFL-CIO / CLC Trade union representing approx
Political & business career
Despite urban legends to the contrary, he claims he never represented the Communist Party. An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them The Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in the United States. [1] When the National Republican Senatorial Committee suggested in 1987 that he had "Communist sympathies", Chairman Rudy Boschwitz apologized for the insulting smear. The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC is the Republican Hill committee for the United States Senate, working to elect Republicans to Rudolph Ely "Rudy" Boschwitz is a former Independent-Republican United States Senator from Minnesota. [2]
Metzenbaum served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1943 to 1947. The Ohio House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Ohio General Assembly, the state legislature of the U He then served in the Ohio Senate from 1947 to 1951. The Ohio Senate is the upper house in Ohio 's Bicameral Legislature, the Ohio General Assembly; the lower house is the Ohio House of Representatives In 1958, he was the campaign manager for U. S. Senator Stephen M. Young. Stephen Marvin Young ( May 4, 1889 &ndash December 1, 1984) was an American politician of the Democratic Party from
Metzenbaum became wealthy through insightful investments, particularly in real estate near what became the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, which Metzenbaum and his partner, Alva "Ted" Bonda, correctly envisioned would make for extremely profitable, 24 hour, well lighted parking lots. Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is a public Airport located nine miles (14 km) southwest of the Central business district of Cleveland Alva T "Ted" Bonda (born 1917 in Cleveland OH died October 22 2005 in Cleveland was the president of the Cleveland Indians from 1973 to 1978 The business expanded to become APCOA, the world's largest parking lot company. [3] By 1970 he had sold his interest in his airport parking lot company for $20 million. [4] In the early 1970s, Metzenbaum co-owned the Sun Newspapers chain of weeklies in the Cleveland suburbs. Sun Newspapers is a chain of 25 weekly newspapers serving 82 different communities in the Greater Cleveland and Akron, Ohio areas [5]. Bonda and Metzenbaum also started one of the country's first car-rental companies, now Avis. [3]
In 1970, Metzenbaum ran for the Senate seat of his former employer, Young, defeating John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit the earth, in the Democratic primary. John Herschel Glenn Jr (born July 18 1921 in Cambridge Ohio) is a former United States Senator who first rose to fame as the first American to Orbit An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained A primary election ( nominating primary) also referred to simply as a primary, is an election in which voters in a Jurisdiction select candidates But Metzenbaum lost to Robert Taft, Jr. in the general election. Robert Taft (generally known as Robert Taft Jr for the sake of convenience - see below) ( February 26, 1917 &ndash December 7, A general election is an Election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election Metzenbaum then ran a group of weekly newspapers in the Cleveland area. In 1974, when Senator William B. Saxbe (R-OH) resigned from his seat to accept the nomination as U. William Bart Saxbe (born June 24, 1916) was an American politician of the Republican Party, who served as a U S. attorney general, Governor Jack Gilligan appointed Metzenbaum to fill out the remainder of Saxbe's term. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Governors Initially after the American Revolution, parts of the area now known as Ohio were claimed by New York, Virginia, and Connecticut John Joyce ("Jack" Gilligan (born March 22, 1921) is a Democratic politician from the U Metzenbaum ran for election to the seat, but in a bitter Democratic primary, Metzenbaum lost to Glenn, who won the general election.
In the 1974 Senate primary race, Metzenbaum contrasted his business background with Glenn's military and astronaut credentials, saying his opponent had "never worked for a living. " Glenn's reply came to be known as the "Gold Star Mothers" speech. He told Metzenbaum to go to a veterans' hospital and "look those men with mangled bodies in the eyes and tell them they didn't hold a job. You go with me to any Gold Star mother and you look her in the eye and tell her that her son did not hold a job. " Many felt the "Gold Star Mothers" speech won the primary for Glenn. [3]
In 1976, however, Metzenbaum sought a rematch against Taft. This time he won, riding on Jimmy Carter's coattails. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Taft resigned the seat a few days before his term ended, allowing Metzenbaum to be sworn in a few days early and hence have a small edge in seniority over other senators newly elected in 1976. He was reelected in 1982, defeating frequent Republican candidate Paul Pfeifer. For the American video artist see Paul Pfeiffer. Paul E Pfeifer (born 15 October 1942) is an American politician In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Glenn and Metzenbaum had strained relations. There was a thaw in 1983 when Metzenbaum endorsed Glenn for president. In 1981, Metzenbaum was insulted on the floor of the Senate when Senator Ernest Hollings of South Carolina called him the "senator from B'nai Brith". Ernest Frederick "Fritz" Hollings (born January 1 1922) served as a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The Independent Order of B'nai B'rith ( IPA: /bəneɪ 'brɪθ/ Hebrew: בני ברית "Sons of the Covenant " is the oldest continually-operating Some interpreted this as a slur on Metzenbaum's Jewish faith. Hollings later apologized to Metzenbaum and the remarks were stricken from the record.
In 1988, Metzenbaum was opposed by Cleveland mayor George Voinovich. The Mayor of Cleveland is the chief executive of the city 's government George Victor Voinovich (born July 15, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member Voinovich accused Metzenbaum of being soft on child pornography. Child pornography refers to material depicting Children being in a state of undress engaged in erotic poses or sexual activity Voinovich's charges were roundly criticized by many, including Glenn, Metzenbaum's old-time rival in the Democratic party and then Senate colleague who now came to Metzenbaum's aid, recording a statement for television refuting Voinovich's charges. Metzenbaum won the election in a landslide, even as President George Bush won Ohio's electoral votes by 11 percent. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993
Metzenbaum did not run for reelection in 1994. His son-in-law, Joel Hyatt, was nominated by the Democrats to replace him, but Hyatt lost to Lieutenant Governor Mike DeWine, who had been elected as Voinovich's running mate in 1990. Joel Z Hyatt (born Joel Hyatt Zylberberg, 1950 is a prominent businessman and former attorney and American politician of the Democratic party. The position of lieutenant governor of Ohio was established in 1852 Richard Michael "Mike" DeWine (born January 5, 1947) is a former Republican senator from Ohio
While in the Senate, Metzenbaum was a powerful liberal. Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual Liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty whether they come from He was known as "Senator No" (a nickname shared by Republican Jesse Helms of North Carolina) and "Headline Howard"[3] because the Senate Democrats knew that almost nothing would get through if Metzenbaum opposed it even though he never held an official party leadership post or chaired a committee. Jesse Alexander Helms Jr (October 18 1921 – July 4 2008 was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Metzenbaum took a particular interest in antitrust and consumer protection issues, often threatening to repeal the exemption from antitrust laws given to Major League Baseball. Consumer protection is a form of Government Regulation which protects the interests of Consumers For example a government may require businesses to disclose detailed Since his retirement, however, the issue has gone largely unaddressed. Metzenbaum became well-known for his service on the Senate Judiciary Committee, particularly because of his dedicated efforts to keep stringent antitrust laws and his pro-choice stance on abortion. The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the The abortion debate refers to discussion and controversy surrounding the moral and legal status of Abortion.
Metzenbaum devised a different method for filibustering in the Senate by offering scores of amendments to bills in place of talking one bill to death like his Southern colleagues did during the debate for Civil Rights in the 1950s and 1960s.
Metzenbaum was behind several important pieces of legislation, including the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, which required warning periods for large factory closures; the Brady Law, which established a waiting period for handgun purchases;[6][3] and the Howard M. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN Act is a United States labor law which protects employees their families and communities by requiring most employers The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence are two closely affiliated non-profits in the United States that work Metzenbaum Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 (MEPA) (U. S. Public Law 103-82), which prohibits federally subsidized adoption agencies from delaying or denying child placement on grounds of race or ethnicity.
After leaving the Senate in 1995, Metzenbaum served as the chairman of the Consumer Federation of America. The Consumer Federation of America (CFA is a Non-profit organization founded in 1968 to advance the consumer interest through research education and advocacy The United States Bankruptcy Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio, was named in his honor in 2002.
Metzenbaum's cousin, James Metzenbaum, was a prominent Ohio attorney who wrote a noted text on zoning law and once ran for a seat on the Ohio Supreme Court. James Metzenbaum 1883-1960 was a prominent lawyer in Cleveland Ohio, who wrote a noted treatise on zoning law An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom The Supreme Court of Ohio is the highest Court in the US state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution
He died at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on March 12, 2008. Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [7]
Popular culture
Metzenbaum was referenced in the Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode Switcheroo. Space Ghost Coast to Coast is an animated spoof talk show The main characters of the show include Space Ghost, Zorak, Moltar, and Space Ghost mentioned him as a guest, but his staff had forgotten to book him.
Metzenbaum had a cameo in the 1993 film Dave. Dave is a 1993 Comedy-drama movie written by Gary Ross, directed by Ivan Reitman, and starring Kevin Kline (in He was also referenced in numerous Cleveland-area advertisements.
References
- ^ Personal correspondence, Jan. 5, 2006, from Harold S. Stern, Metzenbaum's law partner after 1953
- ^ "American Notes: POLITICS", TIME magazine, August 10, 1987. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-02-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ a b c d e “Howard M. Metzenbaum, 1917-2008: Ohio Senator was a champion of labor and master of rules”, Los Angeles Times: B9, 03-13-2008, <http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-metzenbaum13mar13,0,7830134.story>
- ^ "Upset Time: POLITICS", TIME magazine, May 18, 1970. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation
- ^ "Sun Newspapers," Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, David D. VanTassel, ed. , 1997. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2008
- ^ Associated Press, "Former Ohio Sen. Howard Metzenbaum dies," 13 Mar. 2008. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2008
- ^ Former Sen. Howard Metzenbaum dies at 90
| Preceded by William B. Saxbe |
United States Senator (Class 3) from Ohio 1974 Served alongside: Robert Taft (Jr.) |
Succeeded by John H. Glenn, Jr. |
| Preceded by Robert Taft (Jr.) |
United States Senator (Class 1) from Ohio 1976–1995 Served alongside: John H. Glenn, Jr. |
Succeeded by R. Michael DeWine |
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