| Howard Hughes | |
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| Born | 24 December 1905 Humble, Houston, Texas, U.S. |
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| Died | 5 April 1976 (aged 70) Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Occupation | Chairman, Hughes Aircraft; industrialist; aviator; engineer; film producer and director |
| Net worth | ▲ US$43. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Humble is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 4 billion[1] US$12. 8 billion [2] |
| Spouse | Ella Rice (1925-1929) Terry Moore (1949-1976) Jean Peters (1957-1971) |
Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (24 December 1905 – 5 April 1976) was an American aviator, industrialist, film producer/director, philanthropist, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material This list of the richest people ever or the most wealthy historical figures is essentially the list of the richest people in the history of mankind since the dawn of civilization (from He is famous for setting multiple world air-speed records, building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 "Spruce Goose" aircraft, producing the movies Hell's Angels, Scarface and The Outlaw, as well as owning and expanding Trans World Airlines. An air speed record is the highest speed attained by an Aircraft of a particular class WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. Hell's Angels is a 1930 American epic War film, directed by Howard Hughes and starring Jean Harlow, Ben This article is about the 1932 film For the 1983 remake see Scarface. The Outlaw is a 1943 American Western film, directed by Howard Hughes and starring Jane Russell. Trans World Airlines ( TWA) renamed TWA Airlines LLC in 2001 was a major U Hughes remains an iconic figure of the 20th century, not only for his professional accomplishments, but for his debilitating eccentric behaviour in later life. In popular usage eccentricity refers to unusual or odd Behavior on the part of an individual Despite his well-known bouts with obsessive-compulsive disorder and reclusiveness, Hughes is believed by many to be one of the most brilliant minds that America has produced and still to this day is one of the most successful American aviators. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD is a Chronic Anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by obsessive Distressing Intrusive thoughts
Biography
Early years
The Hughes birthplace is disputed in various sources as either Humble, Texas or Houston, Texas. Humble is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area Hughes claimed his birthday was Christmas Eve, although some biographers debate his exact birth date. Christmas Eve, December 24, is the day before Christmas Day, the celebrated birthday of Jesus. (According to NNDB. The Notable Names Database ( NNDB) produced by Soylent Communications, is an Online database of biographical details of over 33000 people com, it was most likely "the more mundane date of September 24"; NNDB in turn refers to his baptismal records, but does not provide them for verification[3]. ) His parents were Allene Stone Gano Hughes (a descendant of Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, by second husband Owen Tudor)[4][5] and Howard R. Hughes, Sr., who patented the two-cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 &ndash 3 January 1437 was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 Princess Mother redirects here for Princess Mother Srinagraidra of Thailand see Srinagarindra A Queen Dowager or Dowager Queen (compare The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during Owain ap Mredydd (or Owen ap Meredith ap Tewdwr or Owen Tudur or Owen Tudor) (c Howard Robard Hughes Sr ( September 9, 1869 &ndash January 14, 1924) was an American entrepreneur best known as the father of Well drilling is the Process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as Ground water, Natural gas, or Petroleum Howard R. Hughes, Sr. , founded Hughes Tool Company in 1909 to commercialise this invention. Hughes Tool Company was established in 1909 as Sharp-Hughes Tool Company when Howard R
Hughes grew up under the strong influence of his mother, who was obsessed with protecting her son from all germs and diseases. A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly From his father, Hughes inherited an interest in all things mechanical. Showing great aptitude in engineering at an early age, Hughes erected Houston's first wireless broadcast system when he was 11 years old. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and [6] At the age of 12, Hughes was supposedly photographed in the local newspaper as being the first boy in Houston to have a 'motorized' bicycle, which he had built himself from parts taken from his father's steam engine. [7] He was an indifferent student with a liking for mathematics and flying, taking flying lessons at 14 and later auditing math and engineering courses at Caltech. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena [6][7]
Allene Hughes died in March 1922 from complications of an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is a Complication of pregnancy in which the fertilized Ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall In January 1924, Howard Hughes, Sr. , died of a heart attack. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the creation of a medical research laboratory in his 1925 will. In Common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the Testator) regulates the rights of others over his or her Property Because Howard Sr. 's will had not been updated since Allene's death, Hughes inherited 75% of the family fortune. [8] On his 19th birthday, Hughes was declared an emancipated minor, enabling him to take full control of his legacy. Emancipation of minors is a legal mechanism by which a child is freed from control by their parent(s/guardian(s and the parent(s/guardian(s is/are freed from any and all responsibility [9]
Hughes dropped out of Rice University shortly after his father's death. William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters Science and Art In June 1925, he married Ella Rice, and moved to Hollywood, where he hoped to make a name for himself making movies.
Hollywood years
Hughes was at first dismissed by Hollywood insiders as a rich man's son. However, his first two films, 1927's Everybody's Acting and 1928's Two Arabian Knights, were financial successes, the latter winning an Academy Award for Best Director of a Comedy Picture. Two Arabian Knights is an Academy Award -winning 1927 American Comedy film, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to 1928's The Racket and 1931's The Front Page were nominated for Academy Awards. The Racket is an Academy Award -nominated 1928 American Crime film, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Thomas The Front Page is an Academy Award -nominated 1931 American Comedy film, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Adolphe "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Hughes spent a then-unheard-of US$3. 8 million of his own money to make Hell's Angels, an epic flying film that ultimately became a smash hit after overcoming many obstacles, released in 1930. Hell's Angels is a 1930 American epic War film, directed by Howard Hughes and starring Jean Harlow, Ben He produced another hit, Scarface, in 1932. This article is about the 1932 film For the 1983 remake see Scarface. One of his best-known films may be The Outlaw which made a star of Jane Russell, for whom Hughes designed a special bra (although Russell decided against wearing the bra because of a mediocre fit). The Outlaw is a 1943 American Western film, directed by Howard Hughes and starring Jane Russell. Jane Russell (born June 21) is an American film actress and Sex symbol. brassiere ( Brit /'bɹæzɪə(ɹ/ US /bɹə'ziɹ/ commonly referred to as a bra, /bɹɑ/ is an article of clothing that covers supports and elevates Scarface and The Outlaw both received considerable attention from industry censors; Scarface for its violence, The Outlaw due to Russell's revealing costumes.
He signed an unknown actor, David Bacon, in 1942 to play Billy the Kid, and then later replaced him with Jack Buetel. David Bacon ( March 24, 1914 &ndash September 13, 1943) was an American Film Actor. Henry McCarty (November 23 1859—July 14 1881 better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William H Jack Buetel (born September 5, 1915; died June 27, 1989) was an American Film Actor. According to Albert "Cubby" Broccoli and Lucien Ballard, both of whom worked on The Outlaw, Hughes did not have any sexual interest or relationship with any man that they knew of. Albert Romolo Broccoli, CBE (Hon ( April 5 1909 &ndash June 27 1996) nicknamed "Cubby" was an American Lucien Ballard, ASC ( 6 May 1908 – 1 October 1988) was an American cinematographer and Director of photography Homosexual rumours arose after Bacon's murder the following year. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries Bacon's widow, Greta Keller, claimed later that he wanted to get out of his contract with Hughes and had been prepared to reveal details about their alleged homosexual relationship in order to secure a release from the studio. Greta Keller-Bacon ( February 8, 1903 &ndash November 11, 1977) Vienna -born cabaret singer and Hollywood actress Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. However, according to the book written by Brown and Boeske, hundreds of depositions from Hughes' associates have never revealed any evidence that he was gay, including his lifelong business partner, friend and mentor Noah Dietrich. Dietrich, whose many "duties" for Hughes included cleaning up the numerous wrecks created by Hughes womanizing, states in his own biography that he heard the rumours and knew that they were false. Actress Phyllis Brookes, who dated both Hughes and Cary Grant [who was also said to be a homosexual after his death in 1986] dismissed the rumours as "absolute balderdash. " More to the point, the FBI could find nothing in its exhaustive investigation of Hughes to suggest anything of this kind. [10]
Hughes kept his wife isolated at home for weeks at a time and, in 1929, she returned to Houston and filed for divorce. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. Hughes was a notorious ladies' man who spent time with many famous women, including Billie Dove, Bette Davis, Ava Gardner, Olivia de Havilland, Katharine Hepburn and Gene Tierney. Billie Dove (born May 14 1903 Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (April 5 1908 – October 6 1989 was an American actress of Film, Television and Theatre. Ava Lavinia Gardner ( December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an Academy Award -nominated American actress Olivia Mary de Havilland (born July 1, 1916) is a two-time Academy Award -winning actress. Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12 1907 – June 29 2003 was an American actress of film television and stage Gene Tierney ( November 19, 1920 – November 6, 1991) was an American film and stage actress. He also proposed to Joan Fontaine several times, according to her autobiography No Bed of Roses. Joan Fontaine (born October 22, 1917) is an Academy Award -winning British Actress in American films Bessie Love was a mistress during his first marriage. Bessie Love ( September 10, 1898 - April 26, 1986) was an American Motion picture actress who achieved fame largely Jean Harlow accompanied him to the premiere of Hell's Angels, but Hughes' longtime, right-hand man, Noah Dietrich, wrote many years later that the relationship was strictly professional—Hughes personally disliked Harlow. Jean Harlow ( March 3, &ndash June 7,) was an American Film Actress and Sex symbol of the 1930s Noah Dietrich ( February 28, 1889 - February 15, 1982) was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes empire from 1925 until In his 1971 book, Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes, Dietrich also noted that Hughes genuinely liked and respected Jane Russell but never sought romantic involvement with her. Jane Russell (born June 21) is an American film actress and Sex symbol. According to Russell's autobiography, however, Hughes once tried to bed her after a party. Russell (who was married at the time) refused him and Hughes promised it would never happen again. The two maintained a professional and private friendship for many years. Hughes remained good friends with Tierney – when Tierney's daughter Daria was born deaf and blind with severe mental retardation due to Tierney being exposed to the German Measles during her pregnancy, he saw to it that she received the best medical care and paid all expenses. Mental retardation is a generalized triarchic disorder characterized by subaverage cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors with onset before the age Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a Disease caused by Rubella virus
On 11 July 1936, a car driven by Hughes struck and killed a pedestrian named Gabriel Meyer at the corner of 3rd Street and Lorraine in Los Angeles. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Although Hughes was certified as sober at the hospital to which he was taken after the accident, a doctor there made a note that Hughes had been drinking. He was taken to jail and booked on "suspicion of negligent homicide. Negligent homicide is a charge brought against people who by inaction allow others under their care or presence intentionally to die " A witness to the accident told police that Hughes was driving erratically and too fast, and that Meyer had been standing in the safety zone of a streetcar stop. By the time of the coroner's inquiry, however, the witness had changed his story and claimed that Meyer had moved directly in front of Hughes' car. Hughes made the same claim to reporters outside the inquiry, saying, "I was driving slowly and a man stepped out of the darkness in front of me. " The District Attorney recommended that Hughes be cleared of responsibility for Meyer's death.
In 1956, he released The Conqueror, considered a tremendous flop and particularly infamous for what was considered a miscasting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan. The Conqueror is a 1956 Epic film produced by Howard Hughes and starring John Wayne as the Mongol conqueror Genghis John Wayne ( May 26, 1907 &ndash June 11, 1979) was an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award -winning American Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder
On 12 January 1957, Hughes married actress Jean Peters, whom he had known in Hollywood for several years. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Elizabeth Jean Peters ( October 15, 1926 – October 13, 2000) was an American actress. His second marriage was troubled, however, with much of the contact between husband and wife conducted by phone.
Aviator and engineer
Hughes was a lifelong aircraft enthusiast, pilot, and self-taught aircraft engineer. At Rogers Airport in Los Angeles, he learned to fly from pioneer aviators, including Moye Stephens. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Moye Wicks Stephens (1907 - 1995 was an American aviator and businessman He set many world records and designed and built several aircraft himself while heading Hughes Aircraft at the airport in Glendale. Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. Operating from there, the most technologically important aircraft he designed was the Hughes H-1 Racer. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On 13 September 1935, Hughes, flying the H-1, set what was believed to be an airspeed record of 352 mph (566 km/h) over his test course near Santa Ana, California, although it is now recognised that Giuseppe Motta had reached 362 mph in 1929 and George Stainforth reached 407. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An air speed record is the highest speed attained by an Aircraft of a particular class Founded in 1869 Santa Ana ( is the most populous city in Orange County California and is the County seat and a city of about 353184 people. Giuseppe Motta ( Airolo, December 29, 1871 - January 23, 1940) was a Swiss politician member of the Swiss Federal Wing Commander George Hedley Stainforth AFC RAF ( 1899 - 27 September 1942) was a British Royal Air 5 mph in 1931. A year and a half later, (19 January 1937), flying a somewhat re-designed H-1 Racer, Hughes set a new transcontinental airspeed record by flying non-stop from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds (beating his own previous record of 9 hours, 27 minutes). Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These are records for flight between coasts in North America Transcontinental air speed record In-flight and on-ground time are counted after the earliest flights Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City of New York His average speed over the flight was 322 mph (518 km/h). [11]
The H-1 Racer featured a number of design innovations: it had retractable landing gear and all rivets and joints set flush into the body of the aircraft to reduce drag. The H-1 Racer is thought to have influenced the design of a number of World War II fighters such as the Mitsubishi Zero, the Focke-Wulf FW190 and the F6F Hellcat;[12] although that has never been proven. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The H-1 Racer was donated to the Smithsonian in 1975 and is on display at the National Air and Space Museum. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The National Air and Space Museum (NASM of the Smithsonian Institution is a museum in Washington D
On 10 July 1938 Hughes set another record by completing a flight around the world in just 91 hours (3 days, 19 hours), beating the previous record by more than four days. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Taking off from New York City, he continued to Paris, Moscow, Omsk, Yakutsk, Anchorage, Minneapolis, and continued to New York City. The City of New York Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Omsk (Омск is a city in southwest Siberia in Russia, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast. Yakutsk (Яку́тск Дьокуускай) is a city in the Russian Far East, located about 4° (450 kilometres For this flight he did not fly an aircraft of his own design but a Lockheed Super Electra (a twin-engine transport with a four-man crew) fitted with all of the latest radio and navigational equipment. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Hughes wanted the flight to be a triumph of technology, illustrating that safe, long-distance air travel was possible. In 1938, the William P. Hobby Airport in Houston, Texas, known at the time as Houston Municipal Airport, was re-named "Howard Hughes Airport," but the name was changed back after people objected to naming the airport after a living person. William P Hobby Airport is a public Airport located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of the Central business district of Houston, Texas Houston Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use Airport located two miles (3 km southwest of the Central business district of Houston, a city
He had a hand in the design and financing of both the Boeing Stratoliner and Lockheed L-049 Constellation. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [13]
Hughes received many awards as an aviator, including the Harmon Trophy in 1936 and 1938, the Collier Trophy in 1938, the Octave Chanute Award in 1940, and a special Congressional Gold Medal in 1939 ". Harmon Trophyjpg|thumb|200px|right|The Harmon Aviatrix Trophy]]The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies to be awarded annually to the world's outstanding aviator aviatrix The Collier Trophy is an annual Aviation award administered by the U This award was created about 1901 by the Western Society of Engineers for papers of merit on engineering innovations Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States . . in recognition of the achievements of Howard Hughes in advancing the science of aviation and thus bringing great credit to his country throughout the world. " According to his obituary in the New York Times, Hughes never bothered to come to Washington to pick up the Congressional Gold Medal. Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States It was eventually mailed to him by President Harry S. Truman.
Near-fatal crash of the XF-11
Hughes was involved in a near-fatal aircraft accident on 7 July 1946, while piloting the experimental U.S. Army reconnaissance XF-11 over Los Angeles. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West An oil leak caused one of the counter-rotating propellers to reverse pitch, causing the aircraft to yaw sharply. Hughes tried to save the craft by landing it on the Los Angeles Country Club golf course (incorrectly stated as Wilshire Country Club in the 2004 film), but seconds before he could reach his attempted destination, the XF-11 started to drop dramatically and crashed in the Beverly Hills neighborhood surrounding the country club. History In the fall of 1897 a group of Los Angelenos organized a voluntary association to further the cause of one of Southern California's newest sports A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for [14]
When the XF-11 finally skidded to a halt after mowing down three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting fire to the aircraft and a nearby home. Hughes lay seriously injured beside the burning XF-11 until he was rescued by Marine Master Sergeant William L. Durkin, who happened to be in the area visiting friends. A master sergeant is the Military rank for a senior Non-commissioned officer in some armed forces William Lloyd Durkin ( April 30, 1916 - April 29, 2006) was a United States Marine master sergeant most famous for rescuing Hughes sustained significant injuries in the crash; including a crushed collar bone, 24 broken ribs[15] and numerous third-degree burns. In Vertebrate Anatomy, ribs ( Latin costae) are the long curved Bones which form the ribcage. A burn is a type of Injury that may be caused by Heat, cold, Electricity, Chemicals, Light, Radiation, or
However, Hughes was proud of the fact that his mind was still working. Also, as he lay in his hospital bed, he noted that he did not like the design of his bed. He called in plant engineers to design a "tailor-made" bed, equipped with hot and cold running water, built in six sections, and operated by 30 electric motors, with push-button adjustments. [16]
Many attribute his long-term addiction to opiates to his use of morphine as a painkiller during his convalescence. An opioid is a chemical Substance that has a Morphine -like action in the body Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in The trademark moustache he wore afterwards was meant to cover a scar on his upper lip resulting from the accident. For the Swedish heavy metal band see Mustasch. A moustache (or mustache) is Facial hair grown on the upper Lip.
Hughes H-4 Hercules
Possibly his most famous aircraft project was the H-4 Hercules(HK-1), nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" (to Hughes' consternation, since its frame was built of birch, not spruce). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae The aircraft was originally contracted by the U. S. government for use in World War II, as a viable way to transport troops and equipment across the Atlantic instead of sea going troop transports that were liable to the threat of German U-Boats. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers In 1947, it was the largest aircraft ever built, weighing 190 tons and not completed until just after the end of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Hercules flew only once for a mile (1. 6 km) (with Hughes at the controls) on 2 November 1947. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The Hercules has the longest wingspan of any aircraft ever built, at 319 ft 11 in (97. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 54 m) (the next largest wingspan is about 30 ft (9 m) shorter), but it is not the longest nor the heaviest. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It is the largest flying boat ever built and also the largest aircraft ever made from wood. [17]
Hughes was summoned to testify before the Senate War Investigating Committee to explain why the aircraft had not been delivered to the United States Army Air Forces during the war, but the committee disbanded without releasing a final report. The Senate War Investigating Committee was formed by R Owen Brewster in 1947 to investigate contracts delivered to Hughes Aircraft for the Hughes XF-11 The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. Because the contract required the aircraft to be built of "non-strategic materials," Hughes built the aircraft largely from birch (rather than aluminum) in his Westchester, California facility to fulfill his contract. Westchester is a neighborhood in western part of Los Angeles California. The aircraft was on display alongside RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California for many years before being moved to McMinnville, Oregon, where it is now part of the Evergreen Aviation Museum. Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast McMinnville is the County seat and largest city of Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum is an aviation Museum which displays a number of Military and Civilian Aircraft and Spacecraft
Hughes Aircraft
Hughes Aircraft Company, a division of Hughes Tool Company, was originally founded by Hughes in 1932, in a rented corner of a Lockheed Aircraft Corporation hangar in Burbank, California, to carry out the expensive conversion of a military aircraft into the H-1 racer. Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. During and after World War II, Hughes fashioned his company into a major defense contractor. The Hughes Helicopters division started in 1947 when helicopter manufacturer Kellett sold their latest design to Hughes for production. Hughes Helicopters was a major manufacturer of military and civil Helicopters from the 1950s to the 1980s History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys.
In 1948, Hughes created a new division of the company, the Hughes Aerospace Group. Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. The Hughes Space and Communications Group and the Hughes Space Systems Division were later spun off in 1948 to form their own divisions and ultimately became the Hughes Space and Communications Company in 1961. Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. In 1953, Howard Hughes gave all his stock in the Hughes Aircraft Company to the newly formed Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thereby turning the aerospace and defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute sold Hughes Aircraft in 1985 to General Motors for US$5. 2 billion. In 1997 General Motors sold Hughes Aircraft to Raytheon and in 2000 sold Hughes Space & Communications to Boeing. Boeing, GM, and Raytheon acquired the Hughes Research Laboratories. HRL redirects here For the US airport see Valley International Airport.
Airlines
In 1939, at the urging of Jack Frye, president of TWA, Hughes quietly purchased a majority share of TWA stock for nearly US$7 million and took control of the airline. Trans World Airlines ( TWA) renamed TWA Airlines LLC in 2001 was a major U Upon assuming ownership of TWA, Hughes was prohibited by federal law from building his own aircraft. Seeking an aircraft that would perform better than TWA's fleet of Boeing 307 Stratoliners, Hughes approached Boeing's competitor, Lockheed. The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was the first commercial transport Aircraft with a pressurized cabin. The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta Hughes already had a good relationship with Lockheed since they had built the aircraft he used in his record flight around the world in 1938. Lockheed agreed to Hughes' request that the new aircraft be built in absolute secrecy. The result was the revolutionary Constellation and TWA purchased the first 40 of the new airliners off the production line. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Hughes' ownership of and plans for TWA may have been the real reason he was investigated by the Senate following the war. Pan American World Airways chief Juan Trippe sought to monopolize international air travel and had influenced powerful Maine Senator Owen Brewster to propose legislation securing Pan Am as the sole American airline allowed to fly overseas at a time when Hughes planned TWA service to Europe with the Constellation. Juan Terry Trippe ( June 27 1899 – April 3 1981) was a US Airline Entrepreneur and pioneer and the The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Ralph Owen Brewster ( February 22, 1888 &ndash December 25, 1961) was an American politician from Maine. Dietrich wrote of the investigation that Hughes beat the Senate committee by turning the hearings into an attack on Brewster. Hughes successfully exposed Brewster's dealings with Pan Am and later helped defeat his re-election bid by pouring considerable funds into the campaign of his opponent, Frederick Payne. Frederick George Payne ( July 24 1904 June 15 1978) was a Republican politician from the U
In 1956, Hughes placed an order for 63 Convair 880s for TWA at a cost of US$400 million. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Although Hughes was extremely wealthy at this time, outside creditors demanded that Hughes relinquish control of TWA in return for providing the money. In 1960, Hughes was ultimately forced out of TWA, although he still owned 78 percent of the company and battled to regain control.
Before Hughes' ouster, the TWA jet financing issue precipitated the end of Hughes' relationship with Noah Dietrich. Dietrich remembered Hughes developing a plan by which Hughes Tool Company profits were to be inflated in order to sell the company for a windfall that would pay the bills for the 880s. Dietrich agreed to go to Texas to implement the plan on the condition that Hughes agreed to a capital gains arrangement he had long promised Dietrich. When Hughes balked, Dietrich resigned immediately. "Noah," Dietrich quoted Hughes as replying, "I cannot exist without you!" Dietrich stood firm and eventually had to sue to retrieve personal possessions from his office after Hughes ordered it locked.
In 1966, Hughes was forced by a U. S. federal court to sell his shares in TWA due to concerns over conflict of interest between his ownership of both TWA and Hughes Aircraft. The sale of his TWA shares netted him a profit of US$547 million. During the 1970s, Hughes went back into the airline business, buying the airline Air West and renaming it Hughes Airwest. Hughes Airwest was an Airline that was backed by multi-millionaire Howard Hughes.
RKO
In 1948, Hughes gained control of RKO, a struggling major Hollywood studio, by acquiring 25% of the outstanding stock. During his tenure, RKO suffered as a result of his management style. Within weeks of taking control, he dismissed three-quarters of the work force and production was shut down for six months in 1949 while he undertook the investigation of the politics of all remaining studio employees. Completed pictures would be sent back for reshooting if he felt his star (especially female) was not properly presented, or if a film's anti-communist politics were not sufficiently clear. Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and An aborted sale in 1952 to a Chicago-based group with no experience in the industry disrupted studio operations even further. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.
Hughes let go of the RKO theaters in 1953 as settlement of the United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. antitrust case. United States v Paramount Pictures, Inc, 334 US 131 ( 1948) (also known as the Hollywood Antitrust Case of 1948, the Paramount With the sale of the profitable theaters, the shaky status of the film studio became increasingly apparent. A steady stream of lawsuits from RKO's minority shareholders, charging him with financial misconduct and corporate mismanagement, became an increasing nuisance, especially because Hughes wanted to focus on his aircraft-manufacturing and TWA holdings during the Korean War years. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Eager to be rid of the distraction, Hughes offered to buy out all other stockholders.
By the end of 1954, at a cost of nearly US$24 million, he had gained near total control of RKO, becoming the closest thing to a sole owner of a studio that Hollywood had seen in more than three decades. Six months later, Hughes sold the studio to the General Tire and Rubber Company for US$25 million. The General Tire and Rubber Company is an American manufacturer of Tires for Motor vehicles. Hughes retained the rights to pictures he had personally produced, including those made at RKO. He also retained Jane Russell's contract. For Howard Hughes, this was the virtual end of his 25-year involvement in motion pictures; though he had all but destroyed a major Hollywood studio, his reputation as a financial wizard emerged unscathed. He reportedly walked away from RKO having made US$6. 5 million in personal profit. [18]
General Tire was interested mainly in exploiting the value of the RKO library for television programming, though it made some attempts to continue producing films. After a year and a half of mixed success, General Tire shut down film production at RKO for good at the end of January 1957. The studio lots in Hollywood and Culver City were sold to Desilu Productions later that year for US$6. Culver City is a city in western Los Angeles County California. Desilu Productions was a Los Angeles California based company jointly owned by American actors Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. 15 million.
Medical Institute
| Howard Hughes Medical Institute | |
 |
|
| Founder(s) | Howard Hughes |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1953 |
| Headquarters | Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States |
| Focus | Biological and Medical research |
| Method | Laboratories, Funding |
| Endowment | US$16. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Chevy Chase is the name of both a Town and an unincorporated Census-Designated Place (CDP in Montgomery County Maryland. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested 3 billion |
| Website | http://www.hhmi.org |
In 1953, Hughes launched the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Maryland, formed with the express goal of basic biomedical research including trying to understand, in Hughes' words, the "genesis of life itself. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI is a United States Non-profit medical Research institute based in Chevy Chase Maryland Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted " Hughes' first will, that he signed in 1925 at the age of 19, stipulated that a portion of his estate should be used to create a medical institute bearing his name (Brown and Boeske 34). Hughes gave all his stock in the Hughes Aircraft Company to the institute, thereby turning the aerospace and defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute's new board of trustees sold Hughes Aircraft in 1985 to General Motors for US$5. 2 billion, allowing the institute to grow dramatically.
The deal was the topic of a protracted legal battle between Hughes and the Internal Revenue Service, which Hughes ultimately won. The After his death in 1976, many thought that the balance of Hughes' estate would go to the institute, although it ultimately was divided among his cousins and other heirs, given the lack of a will to the contrary. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute is America's second largest private foundation and the largest devoted to biological and medical research, with an endowment of US$16. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested 3 billion as of June 2007.
Watergate Scandal
Shortly before the 1960 Presidential election, Richard Nixon was harmed by revelations of a US$205,000 loan from Hughes to Nixon's brother Donald. The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D Francis Donald Nixon ( 23 November 1914 – 27 June 1987) was a brother of United States President Richard Nixon. It has long been speculated that Nixon's drive to learn what the Democrats were planning in 1972 was based in part on his belief that the Democrats knew about a later bribe that his friend Bebe Rebozo had received from Hughes after Nixon took office. Charles Gregory "Bebe" Rebozo ( November 17, 1912 &ndash May 8, 1998) was a Florida banker who gained fame for
In late 1971, Donald Nixon was collecting intelligence for his brother in preparation for the upcoming presidential election. One of Donald's sources was John H. Meier,[19] a former business adviser of Hughes who had also worked with Democratic National Chairman Larry O'Brien. John H Meier (born September 28, 1933) is an American Financier and business consultant now living in Vancouver, Canada Lawrence Francis "Larry" O'Brien Jr ( July 7 1917 – September 28, 1990) was one of the United States Democratic Party
However, Meier—in collaboration with former Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey and others—wanted to feed misinformation to the Nixon campaign. Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr ( May 27, 1911 &ndash January 13, 1978) was the thirty-eighth Vice President of the United States, serving Meier[20] told Donald that he was sure the Democrats would win the election because Larry O’Brien had a great deal of information on Richard Nixon’s illicit dealings with Howard Hughes that had never been released;[21] O’Brien didn’t actually have any such information, but Meier wanted Nixon to think he did. Donald told his brother that O’Brien was in possession of damaging Hughes information that could destroy his campaign. [22] Terry Lenzner, who was the chief investigator for the Senate Watergate Committee, speculates that it was Nixon's desire to know what O'Brien knew about Nixon's dealings with Hughes that may have partially motivated the Watergate break-in. The Watergate burglaries, which took place on May 28 and June 17, 1972, have been cited in testimony media accounts and popular works on Watergate as [23]
Glomar Explorer
In 1972, Hughes was approached by the CIA to help secretly recover Soviet submarine K-129 which had sunk near Hawaii four years earlier. Project Jennifer See also Project Jennifer Since the K-129 had sunk in very deep water a large ship was required for the recovery operation near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Discovery and salvage - Project Jennifer In early August 1968 the wreck of K-129 was pin-pointed by the USS ''Halibut'' (SSGN-587 northwest of Oahu, at an The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the He agreed. Thus the Glomar Explorer, a special-purpose salvage vessel, was born. Hughes' involvement provided the CIA with a plausible cover story, having to do with civilian marine research at extreme depths and the mining of undersea manganese nodules. Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the Sea bottom formed of concentric layers of Iron and Manganese In the summer of 1974, Glomar Explorer attempted to raise the Soviet vessel.
However, during the recovery a mechanical failure in the ship's grapple caused half of the submarine to break off and fall to the ocean floor. This section is believed to have held many of the most sought after items, including its code book and nuclear missiles. Two nuclear-tipped torpedoes and some cryptographic machines were recovered, along with the bodies of six Soviet submariners who were subsequently given formal burial at sea in a filmed ceremony. The operation, known as Project Jennifer, became public in February 1975 because burglars had obtained secret documents from Hughes' headquarters in June 1974. "Jennifer" was the Code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA project to recover the sunken Soviet submarine K-129
Mental and physical illness
By the late 1950s (if not earlier), Hughes had developed the debilitating symptoms of ADHD, Agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which made itself manifest in various ways. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder affecting about 3-5% of the world's population Agoraphobia is an Anxiety disorder, often precipitated by the fear of having a Panic attack in a setting from which there is no easy means of escape Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD is a Chronic Anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by obsessive Distressing Intrusive thoughts His mother may have suffered from OCD, and coddled and spoiled her only child. It was Hughes' mother who first provided her young son with a means of escaping social situations and pressures by using the excuse of illness. As a young boy, when Howard wanted to attend summer camp (during a time when the public feared the spread of polio), his parents wanted assurances that their son was protected. When this assurance was not forthcoming, his mother decided it was better to keep him home. Subsequently after attending camp one summer, Hughes avoided another year at camp by complaining about headaches and bad dreams when he returned home. Later, on the verge of adolescence, young Howard became ill and was kept out of school for most of the year. He developed a form of paralysis that was never diagnosed and which disappeared after several months. [24]
In the 1930s, close friends reported he was obsessed with the size of peas, one of his favorite foods, and used a special fork to sort them by size before he ate. While producing The Outlaw, Hughes became obsessed by a minor flaw in one of Jane Russell's blouses, claiming that the fabric bunched up along a seam and gave the appearance of two nipples on each of Russell's breasts. The Outlaw is a 1943 American Western film, directed by Howard Hughes and starring Jane Russell. He was reportedly so concerned by the matter as to write a detailed memorandum to the film crew on how to fix the problem.
Richard Fleischer, who directed His Kind of Woman with Hughes as executive producer, wrote at length in his autobiography about the difficulty of dealing with the famed tycoon. Richard O Fleischer ( December 8, 1916 – March 25, 2006) was an American Film director. His Kind of Woman is a Black-and-white 1951 Comedy drama Film noir starring Robert Mitchum and Jane Russell In his book, Just Tell Me When to Cry, published in 1993, Fleischer explained that Hughes was fixated on trivial details and was alternately indecisive and obstinate. He went on to say that Hughes' unpredictable mood swings made him wonder at times if the film would ever be completed. A mood swing is an extreme or rapid change in mood. They are commonly associated with Mood disorders of which the classic example is Bipolar disorder (also
As an adult—at one time one of the most visible men in America—Hughes ultimately vanished from public view altogether, although the tabloids continued to follow rumors regarding his behavior and whereabouts. At various times, the media reported him to be terminally ill, mentally unstable, or possibly dead. Hughes eventually became a complete recluse, locking himself in darkened rooms in a medication-induced daze. Though he always kept a barber on call, Hughes only had his hair cut and nails trimmed about once a year. Several doctors were kept in the house on a substantial salary, but Hughes rarely saw them and usually refused to follow their advice. Toward the end of his life, his inner circle was largely composed of Mormons because he considered them trustworthy even though Hughes himself was not a member of their church. TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known
Hughes by this time had become severely addicted to codeine, valium, and a number of other prescription drugs and was becoming increasingly frail. The Chrysler New Yorker was a premium automobile built by the Chrysler Corporation from 1939 to 1996 serving for several years as the brand's flagship model Codeine ( INN) or methylmorphine is an Opiate used for its Analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties Diazepam (daɪˈæzɨpæm first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a Benzodiazepine derivative Drug. He insisted on using tissues to pick up objects, so that he could insulate himself from germs. It has also been said that he watched the 1968 film Ice Station Zebra some 150 times. Ice Station Zebra is a 1968 Action film directed by John Sturges, starring Rock Hudson as the submarine captain Patrick McGoohan [25]
In a bout of obsession with his home state of Texas, Hughes began purchasing all restaurant chains and four star hotels that had been founded within Texan borders. This included, if for only a short period, many unknown franchises currently out of business. Ownership of the restaurants was placed in the hands of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and all licenses were re-sold shortly after.
Managing the financial empire
As his empire grew, Hughes used every trick conceivable to avoid paying taxes to the government. In the early years of Hughes Aircraft, Hughes attempted to move his company from Southern California to Nevada in an effort to take advantage of Nevada's low tax rates. Ultimately, Hughes donated all his stock in Hughes Aircraft to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thereby turning the military contractor into a tax-exempt charity. In addition to avoiding income taxes, this had the effect of silencing the upper management in Hughes Aircraft, who for many years had clamored for stock in the company as part of their compensation.
Hughes was able to keep and maintain highly qualified managers in his companies by promising them large sums of money at the end of their careers. In order to be able to give them the most money without taxation, Hughes would make an arrangement whereby he would publicly criticize a certain manager that had recently left his company. Then, the manager would sue Hughes in court for public defamation. A settlement was given to this manager in court which was not subject to taxes. This happened with Noah Dietrich, Robert Maheu, and others. Robert Aime Maheu ( October 30 1917 &ndash August 4, 2008) was an American Businessman who worked for the FBI CIA For example, Robert Maheu was awarded US$2. 2 million in a defamation lawsuit shortly after leaving Hughes' employ. [26]
Although Hughes lived in his own home in California for many years, he later came up with the idea of living in hotels as this enabled him not to have a legally declared residence in any state which would require him to pay personal income taxes. Shortly after Hughes began living in hotels with no state as his official residence, legislation was passed that any person living in a state 180 days or longer was subject to personal income tax during that time period in that state. Then, Hughes would live in a given hotel for just under 180 days, before moving to another hotel for just under 180 days, and so on. His extremely creative efforts to avoid taxes were successful; even after his death, the states of California and Texas were unable to collect inheritance taxes since it could not be proven that he was a legal resident of either state.
Las Vegas Baron and Recluse
The wealthy and aging Howard Hughes, accompanied by his entourage of personal aides, moved from one hotel to another, always taking up residence in the top floor penthouse. During the last ten years of his life, from 1966 to 1976, Hughes lived in hotels in Beverly Hills; Boston; Las Vegas; Nassau, Bahamas; Freeport, Bahamas Xanadu Princess Hotel; Vancouver, Canada;[27] London, England; Managua, Nicaragua; Acapulco, Mexico; and others. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Nassau is the Capital, largest city and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name Acapulco (Officially Acapulco de Juárez) is a City and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast
On 24 November 1966 (Thanksgiving Day),[28] Hughes arrived in Las Vegas by railroad car and moved into the Desert Inn. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The Desert Inn was a Las Vegas Nevada hotel/casino that operated from April 24, 1950 to August 28, 2000. Refusing to leave the hotel and to avoid further conflicts with the owners of the hotel, Hughes bought the Desert Inn in early 1967. The hotel's eighth floor became the nerve center of his empire and the ninth-floor penthouse became Hughes' personal residence. Between 1966 and 1968, Hughes bought several other hotels/casinos (Castaways, New Frontier, The Landmark Hotel and Casino, Sands, and Silver Slipper) from the Mafia. This article is about the casino on the Las Vegas Strip For people stranded on a desert island see Castaway, or for the casino on the Boulder Strip see Castaways The New Frontier was a Hotel and Casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada, USA, that had operated continuously The Landmark Tower was a hotel/casino located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Sands Hotel was an historic Las Vegas Strip hotel/casino that operated from December 15, 1952 to June 30, 1996. The Silver Slipper was a Las Vegas Nevada casino that operated from September 1950 to November 29, 1988. The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century An unusual incident marked an earlier Hughes connection to Las Vegas. During his 1944 engagement at the Last Frontier hotel in Las Vegas, flamboyant entertainer Liberace mistakenly took Howard Hughes for his light director, instructing him to instantly bring up a blue light should he start to play "Claire De Lune. The New Frontier was a Hotel and Casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise Nevada, USA, that had operated continuously Wladziu Valentino Liberace He had a twin who died at birth and he was born with a Caul, which in his family as in many societies was taken as a sign of genius and an exceptional " The alleged staff member nodded in accordance as the hotel's entertainment director approached the scene, properly introducing Howard Hughes to Liberace. [29]
Hughes wanted to change the image of Las Vegas from its mobsters in gaudy silk suits and thousand-dollar-a-night call girls to something more glamorous. " Mobster " is a slang term for a person who participates in Organized crime, which is known as belonging to "the Mob" A call girl or escort is a Sex worker who (unlike a street walker) is not visible to the general public As Hughes wrote in a memo to an aide, "I like to think of Las Vegas in terms of a well-dressed man in a dinner jacket and a beautifully jeweled and furred female getting out of an expensive car. " A chronic insomniac, Hughes bought several local television stations (including KLAS-TV) so that there would always be something for him to watch in the early hours of the morning. Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area KLAS-TV (Channel 8 analog, 7 digital) is the CBS station serving the Las Vegas, Nevada market
Hughes' considerable business holdings were overseen by a small panel unofficially dubbed "The Mormon Mafia" because of the many Latter-day Saints on the committee. [30] In addition to supervising day-to-day business operations and Hughes' health, they also went to great pains to satisfy Hughes' every whim. Hughes once became fond of Baskin-Robbins' Banana Nut ice cream, so his aides sought to secure a bulk shipment for him—only to discover that Baskin-Robbins had discontinued the flavor. Baskin-Robbins is a global chain of Ice cream parlors founded by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in 1945 in Glendale California. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined They put in a request for the smallest amount the company could provide for a special order, 350 gallons (1,300 L), and had it shipped from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West A few days after the order arrived, Hughes announced he was tired of Banana Nut and wanted only French Vanilla ice cream. The Desert Inn ended up distributing free Banana Nut ice cream to casino customers for a year, until the 350 gallons were gone. [31]
As an owner of several major businesses in Las Vegas, Hughes wielded enormous political and economic power in Nevada and was often able to influence the outcome of elections there and elsewhere. A marked obsession that affected Hughes throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s was the underground nuclear testing that was then occurring in Nevada. Hughes was afraid of the risk posed by the residual nuclear radiation from the tests. Image talkNew_radiation_symbol_ISO_21482svg for details --> Ionizing radiation Hughes stayed up for days and nights on end, leveraging his assets to try to halt the nuclear tests. When the tests finally went through despite Hughes' efforts, the detonations were powerful enough that the entire hotel in which he was staying trembled with the shock wave. For the music album by Converter see Shock Front For the 1977 horror film see Shock Waves A shock wave (also called In two separate, last-ditch maneuvers, Hughes instructed his representatives to offer million-dollar bribes to both presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon. His aides never offered the bribes, reporting to Hughes that Johnson declined the offer and they were unable to contact Nixon. Hughes' personal correspondence makes it clear that the Nevada nuclear testing issue was the last straw leading to his self-imposed exile from the United States, which was to end only with his death.
In 1971, Jean Peters filed for divorce; the two had not lived together for many years. Peters requested a lifetime alimony payment of US$70,000 a year, adjusted for inflation, and waived all claims to Hughes' estate. Alimony, maintenance or spousal support is an obligation established by Law in many countries that is based on the premise that both spouses have an absolute In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time Hughes offered her a settlement of over a million dollars, but she declined it. Hughes did not insist upon a confidentiality agreement from Peters as a condition of the divorce; aides reported that Hughes never spoke ill of her. A gag order (or suppression order) is an order sometimes a legal order by a court or government other times a private order by an employer or other institution restricting She refused to discuss her life with Hughes and declined several lucrative offers from big-name publishers and biographers. Peters would state only that she had not seen Hughes for several years before their divorce, because his psychological problems forced him to stay in a separate room, talking with her only by phone.
Hughes was living in the Intercontinental Hotel near Lake Managua in Nicaragua, seeking privacy and security,[32] when a powerful, magnitude 6. Lake Managua (also known as Lake Xolotlán) (located at) is a Lake in Nicaragua. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America 5 earthquake damaged Managua in December 1972. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name As a precaution, Hughes moved to the Nicaraguan National Palace and stayed there as a guest of former dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle before leaving for Florida on a private jet the following day. Anastasio ("Tachito" Somoza Debayle (anasˈtasjo soˈmosa ðeˈβaile ( December 5, 1925 &ndash September 17, 1980) was officially Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the [33]. He subsequently moved into the Penthouse at the Xanadu Princess Resort on Grand Bahama Island, which he had purchased recently. He lived almost exclusively in the penthouse of the Xanadu Resort and marina for the last four years of his life. The Xanadu Beach Resort & Marina, also known as the Xanadu Princess Resort & Marina, is a Resort and Marina on the island of Grand Bahama in
Hughes had spent a total of US$300 million on his many properties during his Vegas buying spree. [28]
Irving Memoir Hoax
In 1972, author Clifford Irving created a media sensation when he claimed to have co-written an authorized autobiography of Hughes. Clifford Michael Irving (born November 5, 1930) is an American writer best known for an "authorized An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" Hughes was such a reclusive figure that he did not immediately publicly refute Irving's statement, leading many people to believe Irving's book was a genuine autobiography. Before the book's publication, however, Hughes finally denounced Irving in a teleconference and the entire project was eventually exposed as a hoax. Irving was later convicted of fraud and spent 17 months in prison. In the broadest sense a fraud is a Deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual The 2007 film The Hoax, starring Richard Gere, is based on these events. The Hoax is a 2007 American Drama film based on the true story of American novelist Clifford Irving 's falsified autobiography Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Actor.
Death and burial
Hughes died on 5 April 1976, at 1:27 PM while on an aircraft owned by Robert Graf, en route from his penthouse in Freeport Grand Bahama to The Methodist Hospital in Houston. The Glenwood Cemetery is located at 2525 Washington Avenue in Houston Texas. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Methodist Hospital is a hospital located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston Texas. It has also been argued that he died before leaving Mexico inside his penthouse at the "Acapulco Princess Hotel". His reclusive activities and drug use had made him practically unrecognizable; his hair, beard, fingernails, and toenails had grown grossly long, his once-strapping 6'4" (193 cm) frame now weighed barely 90 lb (41 kg), and the FBI had to resort to fingerprints to identify the body. A nail is a horn -like structure at the end of an animal's Finger or Toe. A nail is a horn -like structure at the end of an animal's Finger or Toe. A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger [34]
A subsequent autopsy noted kidney failure as the cause of death. An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, or obduction, is a Medical procedure that consists of a thorough Examination Renal failure or kidney Hughes was in extremely poor physical condition at the time of his death; X-rays revealed broken-off hypodermic needles still embedded in his arms and severe malnutrition. A hypodermic needle is a hollow needle commonly used with a Syringe to inject substances into the body Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. While his kidneys were damaged, his other internal organs were deemed perfectly healthy.
Hughes is buried in the Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. The Glenwood Cemetery is located at 2525 Washington Avenue in Houston Texas.
Estate
Approximately three weeks after Hughes' death, a handwritten will was found on the desk of an official of the Mormon Church in Salt Lake City. A holographic will is a will and testament that has been entirely handwritten and signed by the Testator. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The so-called "Mormon Will" gave US$1. Melvin Earl Dummar (born August 28, 1944) is a Utah man who earned national attention when he claimed to have saved reclusive billionaire Howard Hughes 56 billion to various charities (including US$625 million to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute); nearly US$470 million to the upper-management in Hughes' companies and to his aides; US$156 million to first cousin William Lummis; US$156 million split equally between his two ex-wives Ella Rice and Jean Peters; and US$156 million to a gas-station owner named Melvin Dummar. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI is a United States Non-profit medical Research institute based in Chevy Chase Maryland Melvin Earl Dummar (born August 28, 1944) is a Utah man who earned national attention when he claimed to have saved reclusive billionaire Howard Hughes Dummar initially denied any knowledge about the will but changed his story when his fingerprints were found on the envelope containing the will.
Dummar claimed to reporters that late one evening in December 1967, he found a disheveled and dirty man lying along U.S. Highway 95, 150 miles (250 km) north of Las Vegas. US Route 95 is a north-south United States highway. Unlike many other US highways it has not seen deletion or replacement on most of the course caused by an encroaching Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally The man asked for a ride to Las Vegas. Dropping him off at the Sands Hotel, Dummar said the man told him he was Hughes. The Sands Hotel was an historic Las Vegas Strip hotel/casino that operated from December 15, 1952 to June 30, 1996. Dummar then claimed that days after Hughes' death, a "mysterious man" appeared at his gas station, leaving an envelope containing the will on his desk. Unsure if the will was genuine, and unsure of what to do, Dummar left the will at the LDS Church office. In a trial lasting seven months, the Mormon will was eventually rejected by the Nevada court in June 1978 as a forgery. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. The court declared that Hughes had died intestate. Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies owning property greater than the sum of his or her enforceable debts and funeral expenses without having made a
Hughes' US$2. 5 billion estate was eventually split in 1983 among 22 cousins, including William Lummis who serves as a trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dummar was largely discounted by the public as a phony and an opportunist. Jonathan Demme's film Melvin and Howard (starring Jason Robards and Paul Le Mat), was based on Dummar's tale. Robert Jonathan Demme (born February 22 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer and Melvin and Howard is a 1980 American Comedy-drama Film directed by Jonathan Demme. Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. Paul Le Mat (born September 22 1946) is an American Actor who first came to prominence in the 1973 film American Graffiti
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Hughes Aircraft was owned by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, who sold it to General Motors in 1985 for US$5. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI is a United States Non-profit medical Research institute based in Chevy Chase Maryland General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. 2 billion. Suits brought by the states of California and Texas claiming they were owed inheritance tax were both rejected by the court. In 1984, Hughes' estate paid an undisclosed amount to Terry Moore, who claimed to have been secretly married to Hughes on a yacht in international waters off Mexico in 1949 and never divorced. Terry Moore (born Helen Luella Koford January 7, 1929) is an Oscar -nominated American actress. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Although Moore never produced proof of a marriage, her book, The Beauty and the Billionaire, became a best-seller.
Awards
- Congressional Gold Medal (presented 7 August 1939). Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Popular culture
Howard Hughes has now emerged as one of the 20th century's most iconic business and aviation figures spawning a wide range of cultural references.
Motion pictures
- The Amazing Howard Hughes (1977), directed by William A. Graham. Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11 1974 is a three-time Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning American film actor. John Christopher Reilly (born May 24, 1965) is an Academy Award - and two-time Golden Globe -nominated American Actor. Noah Dietrich ( February 28, 1889 - February 15, 1982) was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes empire from 1925 until WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Amazing Howard Hughes is a 1977 Television movie about American aviation pioneer and filmmaker Howard Hughes, based on the book by Hughes' William Alexander Graham ( September 5, 1804 August 11, 1875) was a United States Senator from North Carolina from Tommy Lee Jones stars as Howard Hughes. Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an Academy Award - Golden Globe - Screen Actors Guild - and Emmy Award -winning
- Melvin and Howard (1980), directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jason Robards (a distant cousin) as Howard Hughes and Paul le Mat as Melvin Dummar. Melvin and Howard is a 1980 American Comedy-drama Film directed by Jonathan Demme. Robert Jonathan Demme (born February 22 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer and Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress (Mary Steenburgen). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Best Supporting Actor or Best Supporting Actress is an accolade given by a group of Film or Theatre professionals in recognition of the work Mary Nell Steenburgen (born February 8, 1953) is an Academy Award -winning American actress. The film focuses on Melvin Dummar's claims of meeting Hughes in the Nevada desert and subsequent estate battles over his inclusion in Hughes' will. Critic Pauline Kael called the film "an almost flawless act of sympathetic imagination. Pauline Kael (June 19 1919 &ndash September 3 2001 was an American Film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991 "[35]
- Hughes is featured briefly in the 1988 film Tucker: The Man and His Dream, where he is played by Dean Stockwell. Tucker The Man and His Dream is a 1988 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Jeff Bridges which tells the story of Preston Dean Stockwell (born March 5, 1936) is an Academy Award -nominated Emmy Award -nominated Cannes Award and Golden Globe
- Hughes was portrayed by Terry O'Quinn in Disney's The Rocketeer (1991), substituting for the "mystery inventor" (Doc Savage) in the original comic book version. Terrance " Terry " O'Quinn (born July 15, 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning American Actor. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Doc Savage is a Fictional character, one of the Pulp heroes of the 1930s and 1940s A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative In the film, Hughes had designed the rocket for use by soldiers, regretted the project, and declined to manufacture any more rockets. In the first scene with Hughes, he is arguing with two War Department people about his decision.
- Before The Aviator (2004), there were several attempts to create a bio-pic based on the life of Hughes. For years, director-actor Warren Beatty wanted to play Hughes and direct a big-screen film of the mogul. Warren Beatty (born Henry Warren Beaty; March 30 1937 is an American Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning Actor, producer It was to be released alongside Beatty's film Reds, but due to the lack of the right script, the project was abandoned. Reds is a 1981 film starring Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton. It centers on the life of John Reed, the Communist, journalist In the 1990s, producers with Touchstone Pictures wanted to do it with John Malkovich, Edward Norton, or Johnny Depp as Hughes, but, due to climbing costs, that venture was abandoned. Touchstone Pictures is one of several alternate Film labels of The Walt Disney Company, established in 1984 John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Emmy Award -winning two-time Academy Award -nominated American Actor John Castle Rock Entertainment also tried to develop a biopic called Mr. Castle Rock Entertainment is a film and television Production company founded in 1987 by Martin Shafer, director Rob Reiner, Andy Scheinman, Hughes with Jim Carrey starring and with Christopher Nolan directing and re-writing a script originated by David Koepp and Brian De Palma. James Eugene Redmond "Jim" Carrey (born January 17 1962 is a Canadian-American Film actor and Comedian. Christopher Jonathan James Nolan (born July 30 1970 is a Film director, writer and producer. David Koepp (born June 9, 1963) is an American Screenwriter and director. Brian De Palma (born Brian Russell DePalma on September 11 1940 in Newark New Jersey) is an American Film director. When The Aviator began production, the idea was scrapped, and Nolan went on to direct Batman Begins. Batman Begins is a 2005 American Superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, directed by
- The Aviator (2004), directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Hughes. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11 1974 is a three-time Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning American film actor. Nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and winning five, the acclaimed film takes the usual bio-pic liberties (Ella Rice is not seen or mentioned although Hughes was married to her during the making of Hell's Angels). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The film focuses primarily on Hughes' achievements in aviation and in the movies and on the increasing handicaps imposed on him by his obsessive-compulsive behavior.
- The Hoax (2007), directed by Lasse Hallström. The Hoax is a 2007 American Drama film based on the true story of American novelist Clifford Irving 's falsified autobiography Lars Sven "Lasse" Hallström (b 2 June 1946 Stockholm Sweden) is a Swedish Film director. The story depicts events in the life of Clifford Irving, an American novelist who became well known in the early 1970s when his "authorized autobiography" of Howard Hughes was exposed as a hoax. Clifford Michael Irving (born November 5, 1930) is an American writer best known for an "authorized
Music
- John Hartford's 1972 album Morning Bugle includes the song "Howard Hughes Blues" which describes his solitary life of "poor old Howard Hughes and all of his blues". John Cowan Hartford ( December 30 1937 &ndash June 4 2001) was an American folk, country and bluegrass Morning Bugle is John Hartford's excellent 1972 follow-up to the groundbreaking Aereo-Plain album [36] The song was covered by Laura Cantrell on her 2008 digital-only release, Trains and Boats and Planes. Laura Cantrell is a country singer and DJ from Nashville, Tennessee.
- The soul trio Hues Corporation, whose biggest hit was "Rock the Boat", originally called themselves "Children of Howard Hughes", but changed their name after 1973 for fear of a lawsuit. The Hues Corporation was a pop and soul trio formed at Santa Monica California in 1969. [37]
- The Boomtown Rats released the song "Me And Howard Hughes" on their record Tonic For The Troops in 1978. The Boomtown Rats were a new wave group led by Bob Geldof. All six members were originally from Dún Laoghaire, Republic of Ireland.
- The British punk rock band The Tights wrote a song "Howard Hughes" which was the title track of their "Howard Hughes" single (1978). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Tights are a English Punk rock band from Worcester. The band's only two singles were released by the Cherry Red Records
- Gary Numan said the suited visage he used for the Dance (1981) and I, Assassin albums were patterned in part after Howard Hughes, whom he identified as one of his heroes. Gary Numan (born Gary Anthony James Webb on 8 March 1958 is an English singer composer and musician
- Stan Ridgway mentions being like Howard Hughes in his song, "I Wanna Be A Boss" (1992). Stan Ridgway born April 5, 1954 in Barstow California, is a Multi-instrumentalist Singer-songwriter, and was the original The lyric states, "And everyone will know me, I'll be more famous than Howard Hughes. I'll grow a long beard and watch Ice Station Zebra in the nude!"[38]
- The British shoegazer band Ride mentioned Howard Hughes in their song "Castle on the Hill"[39] In addition, they have a song titled "Howard Hughes" on their 1992 CD single Twisterella. Ice Station Zebra is a 1968 Action film directed by John Sturges, starring Rock Hudson as the submarine captain Patrick McGoohan Shoegazing (also known as shoegaze or shoegazer) is a genre of Alternative rock that emerged from the United Kingdom in the late 1980s Ride were a British Shoegazing band The band formed in 1988 in Oxford, England, and officially broke up in 1996
- Cello trio, Rasputina have a song entitled "Howard Hughes" in Thanks for the Ether (1996). Rasputina is a band consisting mostly of cellists. The band officially began in Brooklyn, New York in 1992 when Melora Creager put out an advertisement Thanks for the Ether is the debut album of Rasputina, released in 1996 with Columbia Records. [40]
- Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell wrote a song called "Bargain Basement Howard Hughes" included in his Degradation Trip solo album (2002). Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle Washington in Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr (born March 18, 1966 in Tacoma, Washington) is an American Guitarist, Singer, and Songwriter Degradation Trip is the second solo Album by Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell, released on June 18, 2002.
- Leadbelly composed a folksong, "Howard Hughes", which accompanies the final credits of the film The Aviator (2004). Huddie William Ledbetter, (January 1888 – December 6 1949 was an American folk and Blues Musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous
- On his variety program, Dean Martin sang the lines "Fairy tales can come true/It can happen to you/If you're Howard Hughes. Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7 1917 &ndash December 25 1995 was an American Singer, Film Actor, television personality . . "
- Genesis mention Howard Hughes among a string of other celebrities on the song "Broadway Melody of 1974" from their 1974 album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway (sometimes called simply The Lamb) is a double concept album recorded and released in 1974 by the British
- The Rock Band Kansas has a song titled "Closet Chronicles" (Point of Know Return) that is a biography of the life of Howard Hughes. Kansas is an American Progressive rock band which became a popular Arena rock group in the 1970s with hit singles such as " Carry On Wayward Point of Know Return is the fifth Album by American rock band Kansas, released in 1977 (see 1977 in music)
- The British band The Teardrop Explodes 1980 hit single "Reward" contains the line "Death in solitude like Howard Hughes". The Teardrop Explodes were an English Post-punk / Neo-Psychedelic band formed in Liverpool in 1978
- UK band 10cc mention Hughes in their song "Wall Street Shuffle" - it contains the line "Oh Howard Hughes, did your money make you better Are you waiting for the hour when you can screw me".
Bibliography
- Barlett, Donald L. and Steele, James B. Empire: The Life, Legend and Madness of Howard Hughes. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1979. ISBN 0-393-07513-3, republished in 2003 as Howard Hughes: His Life and Madness.
- Barton, Charles. Howard Hughes and his Flying Boat. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, 1982. Republished in 1998, Vienna, VA: Charles Barton, Inc. ISBN 0-9663175-0-5.
- Brown, Peter Harry and Broeske, Pat H. Howard Hughes: The Untold Story. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. ISBN 0-525-93785-4.
- Dietrich, Noah and Thomas, Bob. Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes. New York: Fawcett Publications, 1972. ISBN 0-0-44902-565-1.
- Drosnin, Michael. Citizen Hughes: In his Own Words, How Howard Hughes Tried to Buy America. Portland, Oregon: Broadway Books, 2004. ISBN 0-76791-934-3.
- Hack, Richard. Hughes: The Private Diaries, Memos and Letters: The Definitive Biography of the First American Billionaire. Beverly Hills, California: New Millennium Press, 2002. ISBN 1-893224-64-3.
- Kistler, Ron. I Caught Flies for Howard Hughes. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1976. ISBN 0-87223-447-9.
- Lasky, Betty. RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All, 2d ed . Santa Monica, California: Roundtable, 1989. ISBN 0-91567-741-5.
- Maheu, Robert and Hack, Richard. Next to Hughes: Behind the Power and Tragic Downfall of Howard Hughes by his Closest Adviser. New York: Harper Collins, 1992. ISBN 0-06016-505-7.
- Marrett, George J. Howard Hughes: Aviator. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2004. ISBN 1-59114-510-4.
- Moore, Terry. The Beauty and the Billionaire. New York: Pocket Books, 1984. ISBN 0-67150-080-5.
- Moore, Terry and Rivers, Jerry. The Passions of Howard Hughes. Los Angeles: General Publishing Group, 1996. ISBN 1-88164-988-1.
- Phelan, James. Howard Hughes: The Hidden Years. New York, Random House, 1976. ISBN 0-39441-042-4.
- Real, Jack. The Asylum of Howard Hughes. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2003. ISBN 1-4134-0875-3.
- Thomas, Bob. Liberace: The True Story. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. ISBN 0-312-01469-4.
- Tierney, Gene and Herskowitz, Mickey. Self-Portrait. New York: Peter Wyden Books, 1979. ISBN 0-883261-52-9.
- Photograph collections related to Hughes: Houston Public Library; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum; Charles Barton, Inc.
References
- ^ Wealthy historical figures 2008 - February 2008
- ^ (1958 Forbes 400)
- ^ NNDB
- ^ Tombo do Guarda-Mór Guarda-Mór-Edição de Publicações Multimédia, Lda Lisboa, 2000
- ^ Howard Robard Hughes Jr
- ^ a b Howard Hughes - MSN Encarta Retrieved: 5 January 2008. The list of the most wealthy historical figures of 2008 is based on research done around the world by Forbes magazine in 2007 and other sources of information and has been The Forbes 400 or 400 Richest People (first published in 1982) is a list published by Forbes Magazine of the Wealthiest 400 Americans Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ a b Howard Hughes Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Howard Hughes." about. com. Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Golf's Bizarre Billionaire", Retrieved 4 September 2007. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Brown and Broeske 1996, p. 100.
- ^ Howard R. Hughes, Jr. – The Record Setter Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Aviator Howard Hughes H-1 Racer History Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Hughes Aircraft
- ^ "Crash of the XF-11." Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Howard Hughes: XF-11." UNLV Libraries' Howard Hughes Collection. Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Associated Press wire article, Hughes Designs Hospital Bed", 14 August 1946
- ^ Largest Plane in the World
- ^ Lasky 1989, p. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 229.
- ^ Records of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force
- ^ counsels/watergate/hughes-investigation.html Campaign Contributions Task Force #804 - Hughes/Rebozo Investigation
- ^ "Hughes Nixon and the C. I. A. " Playboy Magazine, September 1976.
- ^ Bellett, Gerald. Age of Secrets: The Conspiracy that Toppled Richard Nixon and the Hidden Death of Howard Hughes. Age of Secrets The Conspiracy that Toppled Richard Nixon and the Hidden Death of Howard Hughes is a biography on Howard Hughes personal advisor and former U Osceola, Wisconsin: Voyageur Press, 1995. ISBN 0-921842-42-2
- ^ "Watergate: 'Aviator' Connection?, Lesley Stahl Talks To Watergate Investigator About Motive For Break-In." CBS News, Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Hughes autopsy
- ^ Hughes anecdote
- ^ "Howard Hughes Company Must Pay US$2. 8 Million to Slandered Ex-Aide. " The Washington Post , 5 December 1974. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar.
- ^ News
- ^ a b Levitan, Corey. "TOP 10 SCANDALS: GRITTY CITY", Las Vegas Review-Journal. The Las Vegas Review-Journal is published in Las Vegas Nevada, United States Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
- ^ Thomas 1987, p. 41.
- ^ "The Keepers of the King." Time Magazine, Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "News from me - Archives." Retrieved: 5 January 2008
- ^ Mallin, Jay. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Great Managua Earthquake
- ^ Channel 4 - History - Howard Hughes: A chronology Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Hack 2002, p. 16-18.
- ^ [url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/movies.php?id=952 Melvin and Howard (1980) - Movie Preview] RopeofSilicon. com. Retrieved: 5 January 2008. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Morning Bugle: John Hartford
- ^ Hues Corporation
- ^ Stan Ridgway impact
- ^ Ticket to Ride
- ^ Rasputina
External links
- Howard Hughes at Find A Grave
- Howard Hughes at the Internet Movie Database
- The Howard Hughes Corporation
- The Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering, UNLV
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Welcome Home Howard: Collection of photographs kept by UNLV
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hughes, Howard Robard, Jr. Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | aviator, engineer, industrialist, and film producer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 24, 1905 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Humble, Texas, U.S. |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 5, 1976 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | en route from Acapulco, Mexico, to Houston, Texas |
An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Humble is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Acapulco (Officially Acapulco de Juárez) is a City and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.
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