The South Acton estate in West London

Bukit Batok New Town in Singapore employs the use of housing estates combined with urban planning, layout of amenities, and transport infrastructure. Acton is a place in west London, England situated west of Charing Cross. Etymology There are many different versions of the origins of its name Bukit Batok.

Housing estate in Ireland

A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Accordingly, a housing estate is usually built by a single contractor, with only a few styles of house or building design, so they tend to be uniform in appearance.

In Asian cities such as Singapore and Hong Kong, an estate may range from detached houses to high density tower blocks with or without commercial facilities; in Europe and America, these may take the form of town housing, or the older-style rows of terraced houses associated with the industrial revolution, detached or semi-detached houses with small plots of land around them forming gardens, and are frequently without commercial facilities. Singapore Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Semi-Detached (1998 was Therapy? 's last album for A&M Records. House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings.

Housing estates are the usual form of residential design used in new towns, where estates are designed as an autonomous suburb, centred around a small commercial centre. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Such estates are usually designed to minimise through-traffic flows, and to provide recreational space in the form of parks and greens.

This word usage may have arisen from an area of housing being built on what had been a country estate as towns and cities expanded in and after the 19th century. For other uses see Estate. An estate comprises the houses and outbuildings and supporting farmland and woods that surround the gardens and grounds Reduction of the phrase to mere "estate" is common in Britain, especially when prefigured by the specific name, but is not so called in America.

United Kingdom

In the UK, housing estates have become prevalent since World War II, as a more affluent population demanded larger and more widely spaced houses coupled with the increase of car usage for which terraced streets were unsuitable. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses

The Broadwater Farm Estate in North London. Broadwater Farm, often referred to simply as "The Farm" is an area in Tottenham, North London, straddling the River Moselle. In the early 1980s it became a byword for poor-quality housing, culminating in a night of civil unrest in 1985 that left two dead. Following extensive redevelopment, it is now one of the safest urban areas in the world.

Housing estates were produced by either local corporations or by private developers. The former tended to be a means of producing public housing leading to estates full of council houses and therefore known as "council estates". Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local The council house is a form of public or social housing in the United Kingdom.

In addition, the problems incurred by the early attempts at high density tower-block housing turned people away from this style of living. The resulting demand for land has seen many towns and cities increase enormously in size for only moderate increases in population. This has been largely at the expense of rural and greenfield land. There is now much evidence coming to light of a severe and detrimental impact on the environment as a result, partly from the change of land use caused by the estates themselves, and partly because most estates encourage rather than discourage the use of the car for transport. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Recently, there has been some effort to address this problem by banning the development of out-of-town commercial developments, and encouraging the reuse of brownfield or previously developed sites for residential building. Nevertheless the demand for housing continues to rise, and in the UK at least has precipitated a significant housing crisis.

In the UK the post war New towns were constructed en masse from housing estates rather than as organic growth from a population centre. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically

Hong Kong

Due to the dense population, the most common form of residential housing in Hong Kong is the high-rise housing estate, which may be publicly owned, privately owned, of semi-private. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Due to the oligopoly of real-estate developers in the territory, and the economies of scale of mass developments, there is the tendency of new private tower block developments with 10 to over 100 towers, ranging from 30-to-70-storeys high. An oligopoly is a Market form in which a Market or Industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building.

There is currently some controversy over the "wall effect" caused by uniform high-rise developments which adversely impact air circulation. ^[1]. In-fill developments will tend to done by smaller developers with less capital. These will be smaller in scale, and less prone to the wall effect.

Public housing

Main article: Public housing estate

Public housing estates provide affordable homes for those on low incomes, with rents which are heavily subsidised, financed by financial activities such as rents and charges collected from car parks and shops within or near the estates. A public housing estate ( is a Housing estate in Hong Kong mainly built by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and the Hong Kong Housing Society In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector They may vary in scale, and are under the responsibility of the Hong Kong Housing Authority, a Government body or the Hong Kong Housing Society, and usually located in the remote or less accessible parts of the territory, but urban expansion has put some of them in the heart of the urban area. The Hong Kong Housing Authority ( HA;) is the main provider of Public housing in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Housing Society ( or Housing Society (房屋協會 房協 for short is the second largest Public housing provider in Hong Kong (the first

Semi-private housing

Main article: Home Ownership Scheme

Semi-private housing units most frequently form part of the Government's Home Ownership Scheme. Home Ownership Scheme ( Chinese 居者有其屋計劃 HOS for short is a Housing programme carried out by Hong Kong Housing Authority in Hong Kong They are usually similar in construction to, and adjacent to, public housing and managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority. The Hong Kong Housing Authority ( HA;) is the main provider of Public housing in Hong Kong. Although some units are destined exclusively for rental, some of the flats within each development are earmarked for sale by the Authority at prices which are lower than for private developments.

Private housing

Main article: Private housing estate

Although these may be low-rise, a private housing estate is usually characterised by a cluster of high-rise buildings, often with a shopping centre or market of its own in the case of larger developments. A private housing estate ( is a Housing estate developed by a private developer in Hong Kong, as opposed to a Public housing estate built by the Hong A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Mei Foo Sun Chuen, built by Mobil, is the earliest (1965) and largest (99 blocks) example of its kind. Mei Foo redirects here For the MTR station in the area see Mei Foo Station. Mobil Gas Station by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|Mobil gas station East Village section of New York City]] Mobil was a major American oil company Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar.

Since the mid 1990s, private developers have been incorporating leisure facities which incorporate clubhouse facilities^[2]: namely swimming pools, tennis courts, function rooms in their more up-market developments. The most recent examples would also be equipped with cinemas, dance studios, cigar-rooms.

References