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House of Stuart
Scotland, England, Ireland and Great Britain
Country: Scotland
Parent house: Clan Stuart
Titles: High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Lennox, Duke of Aubigny, Earl of Moray, Marquess of Bute, King of Scots, King of England, King of Ireland, King of Great Britain
Founder: Robert II of Scotland
Final ruler: Anne of Great Britain
Current head: None agnatically. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The title of High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the Stewart family The Mormaer of Lennox or Earl of Lennox was the ruler of the long-lasting provincial Mormaerdom / Earldom of Lennox in the Medieval The Scottish Dukes of Aubigny (Ducs d'Aubigny had their origins in Aubigny-sur-Nère, France, from the 15th century which was an important honour throughout title Earl of Moray (pronounced "Murry" has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. The monarch of Scotland was the Head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during The designation King of Ireland (Rí na hÉireann and Queen (regnant of Ireland was used during three periods of Irish history. See also List of British consorts. This is a list of the monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Marriages and issue His first wife was Elizabeth Mure, by her he had at least ten children King Robert III of Scotland Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of The current Jacobite claimant is Franz, Duke of Bavaria, a member of the House of Wittelsbach. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland The Jacobite succession is the line through which the crown in pretence has descended since the flight of James II & VII from London at the time Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern (born July 14, 1933, as Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Prinz von Bayern) styled as ''His Royal The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. The cadet branches of Bute, Moray and Appin are headed by the Earl of Dumfries, the Earl of Moray and the 17th Chief of Appin respectively. Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. title Earl of Moray (pronounced "Murry" has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. Clan Stewart of Appin is a west highland branch of the Clan Stewart and have been considered a distinct clan since the 15th century John Colum Crichton-Stuart 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958 in Rothesay, Isle of Bute) styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993 title Earl of Moray (pronounced "Murry" has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. Clan Stewart of Appin is a west highland branch of the Clan Stewart and have been considered a distinct clan since the 15th century
Founding year: 1371
Dissolution: 1714
Ethnicity: Scottish
Cadet branches: Stuarts of Appin

Stuarts of Bute
Stuarts of Moray
Stewart of Darnley
The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart
The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart

The House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. Clan Stewart of Appin is a west highland branch of the Clan Stewart and have been considered a distinct clan since the 15th century Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. title Earl of Moray (pronounced "Murry" has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. Stewart of Darnley was a notable Scots family a branch of the House of Stewart, whose claim to the Throne of England provided the dynastic basis for the A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríocht na hÉireann was the name given to the Irish state from 1541 by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Mary Queen of Scots adopted the French spelling Stuart while in France to ensure that the Scots Stewart was pronounced correctly. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern The name itself originates from the ancient hereditary Scottish title High Steward of Scotland. The title of High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the Stewart family

The House of Stuart ruled the Kingdom of Scotland for 336 years, between 1371 and 1707. The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe Queen Elizabeth I of England's closest heir was King James VI of Scotland via her grandfather King Henry VII of England, who was founder of the Tudor dynasty. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period At Elizabeth's death, James Stuart ascended the thrones of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland and inherited the English claims to the French throne. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríocht na hÉireann was the name given to the Irish state from 1541 by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. The English claims to the French throne have a long and rather complex history between the 1340s and the 1800s From 1603, the Stuarts styled themselves "Kings/Queens of Great Britain", though there was no parliamentary union until the reign of Queen Anne, the last monarch of the House of Stuart. The Union of the Crowns was the Accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the throne of England in March 1603 thus uniting Scotland and England The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of The Stuarts were followed by the House of Hanover, under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701. The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England, originally filed in 1700 and passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English throne Members of various cadet and illegitimate branches still survive today. The descendants in the male-line of a younger son of a Monarch or Patriarch collectively constitute a cadet branch of that ancestor's lineage In Common law, legitimacy is the status of a Child that is born to parents who are legally married to one another or that is born shortly after the

Contents

History

The earliest known member of the House of Stewart was Flaald I (Flaald the Seneschal), an 11th century Breton follower of the Lord of Dol and Combourg. Dol-de-Bretagne (Dol Gallo: Dóu) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Bretagne in northwestern Combourg (Komborn Gallo: Conbórn) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Bretagne in northwestern Flaald and his immediate descendants held the hereditary and honorary post of Dapifer (food bearer) in the Lord of Dol's household. His grandson Flaald II was a supporter of Henry I of England and made the crucial move from Brittany to Britain, which was where the future fortunes of the Stewarts lay. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Walter the Steward (died 1177), the grandson of Flaald II, was born in Oswestry (Shropshire). Oswestry (ˈɒzwəstɹɪ is a town and Civil parish in Shropshire, England, very close to the Welsh border Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Along with his brother William, ancestor of the Fitzalan family (the Earls of Arundel), he supported Empress Matilda during the period known as the Anarchy. The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. Matilda of England (sometimes Maud or Maude; 7 February 1102 &ndash 10 September 1167 was the daughter and dispossessed Heir of Henry I of England The Anarchy or The Nineteen Year Winter refers to a period of English history during the reign ( 1135 &ndash 1154) of the Norman King Matilda was aided by her uncle, David I of Scotland, and Walter followed David north in 1141, after Matilda had been usurped by King Stephen. David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; b Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England Walter was granted land in Renfrewshire and the position of Lord High Steward. Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. Malcolm IV made the position hereditary and it was inherited by Walter's son, who took the surname Stewart. Malcolm IV ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Eanric; Modern Gaelic Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig) nicknamed Virgo, "the Maiden" ( The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293-1326), married Marjorie, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn currying further favour. Marjorie Bruce or Margaret de Bruce (December 1296 &ndash March 2, 1316) was the eldest daughter of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots Robert I King of Scots ( 11 July, 1274 &ndash 7 June, 1329) usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce ( The Battle of Bannockburn ( Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich in Gaelic (24 June 1314 was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371. Marriages and issue His first wife was Elizabeth Mure, by her he had at least ten children King Robert III of Scotland Daibhidh a Briuis ( Modern Gaelic: Dàibhidh Bruis) anglicised as David II ( 5 March 1324 &ndash 22 February

In 1503, James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. James IV ( 17 March 1473 &ndash 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Margaret Tudor ( 28 November, 1489 &ndash 18 October 1541) was the elder of the two surviving daughters of Henry VII of England The birth of their son, later James V, brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne. James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and their daughter, Margaret Douglas, was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Archibald Douglas 6th Earl of Angus (1490 &ndash January 1557 was a Scottish nobleman active during the reigns of James V and Mary Queen of Scots. Margaret Douglas Countess of Lennox ( October 8, 1515 &ndash March 7, 1578) was the daughter of Archibald Douglas 6th Earl of Angus Henry Stuart 1st Duke of Albany ( 7 December 1545 – 10 February 1567) commonly known as Lord Darnley, was a King Consort In 1565, Darnley married his half-cousin Mary, the daughter of James V. James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death Darnley's father was Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House. Matthew Stuart ( September 21, 1516 &ndash September 4, 1571) was the 4th Earl of Lennox, and leader of the Catholic Stewart of Darnley was a notable Scots family a branch of the House of Stewart, whose claim to the Throne of England provided the dynastic basis for the Lennox was a direct descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, also descended from James II, being Mary's heir presumptive. Alexander Stewart (1214 &ndash 1283 was 4th hereditary High Steward of Scotland from his father's death in 1246 James II of Scotland ( October 16 1430, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh &ndash August 3 1460) reigned as King of Scots An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne peerage or other hereditary honor but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir apparent Therefore Darnley was also related to Mary on his father's side and at the time of their marriage was himself second in line to the Scottish throne. Because of this connection, Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stewart. Because of the long French residence at Aubigny, held by Darnley's branch in the Auld Alliance, the surname was altered to Stuart. Aubigny-sur-Nère is a commune in the Cher department in central France. The Auld Alliance (Vieille Alliance auld-alliansen refers to a series of treaties offensive and defensive in nature between Scotland and France aimed specifically In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, who had an illegitimate son by Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kérouaille Duchess of Portsmouth (September 1649 &ndash 14 November 1734) was a mistress of Charles II of England This descent received the main Stuart appanages of Lennox and Aubigny, as well as the main Tudor appanage of Richmond. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The Scottish Dukes of Aubigny (Ducs d'Aubigny had their origins in Aubigny-sur-Nère, France, from the 15th century which was an important honour throughout The title Duke of Richmond is named after Richmond and its surrounding district of Richmondshire, and has been created several times in the Peerage of England

French connections were notoriously unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts, whose mutual enemies identified with the emergent Protestant nationalism and urban mercantilism as opposed to Catholic feudalism and rural manorialism. Mercantilism is the idea that a colony should export more goods than it imports and that a colony should sell at higher prices and buy at lower prices This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here The Glorious Revolution caused the deposition of James II in favor of his son-in-law and his daughter, William and Mary. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death James continued to claim the thrones of England and Scotland, and encouraged revolts in his name, and his grandson Charles led an ultimately unsuccessful rising in 1745, becoming ironic symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined For opposition to all forms of government social hierarchy or authority see Anarchism. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Due to the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts, Catholic Emancipation was not passed until Jacobitism (as represented by direct Stuart heirs) was extinguished. Catholic Emancipation (Fuascailt na gCaitliceach or Catholic Relief, was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended to Irish subjects, this was not the preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríocht na hÉireann was the name given to the Irish state from 1541 by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

Heads of the House of Stewart

Dapifers of Dol

High Stewards of Scotland

Kings of the Scots

Kings of Great Britain, France and Ireland

See also: List of British monarchs

Jacobite Claimants

Patrilineal descent

Patrilineal descent, descent from father to son, is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that the historically accurate royal house of the Stuart monarchs was the House of Stuart. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart ( 11 March 1725 &ndash 13 July 1807) was the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones Patrilineality (aka agnatic kinship) is a system in which one belongs to one's father's lineage it generally involves the Inheritance of property names or titles A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. [1]

  1. Alan of Dol, b. 1020
  2. Flaald fitz Alan, Baron of St. Florent
  3. Alan FitzFlaald, d. after 1114
  4. Walter fitz Alan, 1106 - 1177
  5. Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland, d. Alan FitzWalter (1140 - 1204 was hereditary High Steward of Scotland and a crusader 1204
  6. Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland, 1178 - 1241
  7. Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, 1214 - 1283
  8. Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, 1246 - 1298
  9. Sir Alan Stewart of Dreghorn, 1280 - 1333
  10. Sir Alexander Stewart, d. Walter Steward of Dundonald (or Walter Óg) (d 1246 was 3rd hereditary High Steward of Scotland and Justiciar of Scotia. Alexander Stewart (1214 &ndash 1283 was 4th hereditary High Steward of Scotland from his father's death in 1246 1374
  11. Sir Alexander Stewart, d. 1404
  12. Sir John Stewart, 1st Lord Aubigny, 1370 - 1429
  13. Sir Alan Stewart of Darnley, 1407 - 1439
  14. John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox, 1430 - 1495
  15. Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, 1472 - 1513
  16. John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox, 1490 - 1526
  17. Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, 1516 - 1571
  18. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, 1545 - 1567
  19. James I of England, 1566 - 1625
  20. Charles I of England, 1600 - 1649
  21. James II of England, 1633 - 1701
  22. Mary II of England, 1662 - 1694 and Anne of Great Britain, 1665 - 1714

References

  1. ^ Descent from before Walter fitz Alan is from [1] and may be unreliable. John Stewart 1st Earl of Lennox (b bef 1430 d 8 Jul/11 Sep 1495 Was created Lord Darnley and Earl of Lennox. Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl of Lennox (Bef 5 May 1488-9 September 1513 Flodden was a prominent Scottish nobleman John Stewart 3rd Earl of Lennox (c 1490-4 Sep 1526 Linlithgow West Lothian was a prominent Scottish Magnate. Matthew Stuart ( September 21, 1516 &ndash September 4, 1571) was the 4th Earl of Lennox, and leader of the Catholic Henry Stuart 1st Duke of Albany ( 7 December 1545 – 10 February 1567) commonly known as Lord Darnley, was a King Consort James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of

See also

Further reading

External links

House of Stuart
Preceded by
House of Bruce		 Ruling House of the Kingdom of Scotland
1371 – 1649 , 1660 – 1707		 Titles Merged
See Act of Union 1707
Preceded by
House of Tudor		 Ruling House of the Kingdom of England
1603 – 1649 , 1660 – 1707
Preceded by
New Creation		 Ruling House of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1707 – 1714		 Succeeded by
House of Hanover
A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
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