The House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting
The Guises were Catholic, and Henry Guise wanted to end growing Calvinist influence. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Henry I Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Count of Eu ( January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois) sometimes Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The assassination of Guise heightened passions and inspired Catholic attacks on Huguenots and their culture. The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth
The House of Guise was founded as a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine by Claude de Lorraine, first Duke of Guise (1496-1550), who entered French service and was made a duke by King François I. The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions Claude of Lorraine ( October 20 1496, Château de Condé-sur-Moselle, &ndash April 12 1550, Château de Joinville Count of Guise and Duke of Guise were titles in the French nobility A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Claude's daughter, Mary of Guise (1515-1560), married King James V of Scotland and was mother of Mary Queen of Scots. Mary of Guise (Marie de Guise November 22, 1515 &ndash June 11 1560) was the Queen Consort of James V of Scotland James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death Claude's eldest son, François, became a military hero thanks to his capture of Calais from the English in 1558. Francis II Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Duke of Aumale ( February 17, 1519 &ndash February 24, 1563) called Balafré ("the Calais (kaˈlɛ in English often kæˈleɪ traditional English pronunciation /ˈkælɨs/ Kales is a town in northern France.
In 1558, King François II, married Mary Queen of Scots. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born By 1559, she had her two powerful uncles of the House of Guise appointed to high positions in the French government. This prompted the Amboise conspiracy in which the Huguenots and the House of Bourbon plotted to usurp the power of the House of Guise. The Amboise conspiracy, or Tumult of Amboise ( 1560) was a failed attempt by Huguenots and the House of Bourbon to wrest power over France The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. The Duke of Guise and his brother, Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, in his powerful capacity as a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, controlled French politics during the short reign of the sickly young king, François II. Charles of Guise Cardinal of Lorraine, ( 17 February 1524 &ndash 26 December 1574) Duke of Chevreuse, was a Cardinal A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Cardinal of Lorraine was also leader of the French representatives at the final sittings of the Council of Trent, and, ironically given his family's role in French politics, had fought for a greater willingness to compromise with Protestantism than the Italian and Spanish delegates. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church.
Championing Catholicism against the Huguenots, in 1560, the Guise family brutally put down the Conspiracy of Amboise. After King François' death they opposed the more tolerant policy of the Regent, Catherine de' Medici, and their doings provoked the French Wars of Religion. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting
The House of Guise, led by François, defeated the Huguenots at the battle of Dreux, but he was assassinated shortly afterward, in 1563. The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December, 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots His son, Henri de Lorraine, became the third Duke of Guise (1550-1588). Henry I Prince of Joinville Duke of Guise Count of Eu ( January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois) sometimes He helped plan the infamous St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and was responsible for the formation of the Catholic League. The St Bartholomew's Day massacre ( Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Roman Catholic Mob violence against the Huguenots The Catholic League of France, sometimes referred to by contemporary (and modern Roman Catholics as the Holy League, was formed by Duke Henry of Guise in The death of the heir-presumptive, the Duc d'Anjou, in 1584, which made the Protestant King Henry of Navarre heir to the French throne, led to a new civil war, the War of the Three Henries, with King Henry III, Henry III of Navarre, and Henry of Guise all fighting for control of France. Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Henry III of France (Henri III Henryk ( September 19 1551 – August 2, 1589) Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Guise began the war by declaring the unacceptability of Navarre as King, and his control of the powerful Catholic League soon forced the King to follow in his wake. Immensely ambitious, in 1588 Guise, with Spanish support, instigated a revolt against the king, taking control of the city of Paris and becoming the de facto ruler. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city
After an apparent conciliation, in December of 1588 King Henri III had both the Duke of Guise and his brother, Louis de Lorraine, Cardinal of Guise (1555–1588), murdered during a meeting in the Royal Chateau at Blois. Louis II Cardinal of Guise ( July 6, 1555, Dampierre &ndash December 24, 1588, Château de Blois) was the third son of The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. Leadership of the Catholic League fell to their brother, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne who was commander of the armed forces of the Catholic League. For information on the regent of the Netherlands see Charles of Lorraine.
After King Henri III had his brother murdered, the Duke of Mayenne became head of the Catholic League. For information on the regent of the Netherlands see Charles of Lorraine. The Catholic League of France, sometimes referred to by contemporary (and modern Roman Catholics as the Holy League, was formed by Duke Henry of Guise in His nephew, the young Duke of Guise, was proposed by the Catholic League as a candidate for the throne, possibly through a marriage to Philip II of Spain's daughter Isabella, the granddaughter of Henry II of France. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Although Mayenne and other members of the House of Guise had murdered, tortured and wreaked havoc on the lives of many French citizens, for the sake of the country King Henri IV bought peace with him and in January of 1596 a treaty was signed that put an end to the League. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III
The senior line of the Dukes of Guise became extinct in 1688.
External links
Dukes of Guise
See Duc de Guise for a list. Count of Guise and Duke of Guise were titles in the French nobility
Other members of the House of Guise
- Charles of Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine (1527-1574)
- Charles II of Guise-Lorraine, Duke of Elbeufit. Charles of Guise Cardinal of Lorraine, ( 17 February 1524 &ndash 26 December 1574) Duke of Chevreuse, was a Cardinal The Seigneurie of Elbeuf, later a marquisate and duchy was based on the territory of Elbeuf in the Vexin, ruled first by the Counts of Valois and then Guisa
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