Citizendia

House of Fraser
TypePrivate
FoundedGlasgow, Scotland (1849)
HeadquartersLondon, England
Key peopleDon McCarthy, Chairman
John King, CEO
Stefan Cassar, Executive Finance Director
IndustryRetail
ProductsClothing, cosmetics, housewares
Revenue£701. A private company limited by shares is a type of company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, that of certain Commonwealth countries Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 9 million GBP (52 weeks to 28 Jan 2006)
Employees6,553 (2005)
Websitewww.houseoffraser.co.uk

House of Fraser is a British department store group with 63 stores (April 2008) across the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The group was founded in Glasgow in 1849. The flagship London store is House of Fraser on Oxford Street whilst the retailer has recently undertaken its largest new store opening in Belfast. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in London, England in the City of Westminster. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Over the years House of Fraser has purchased a number of famous stores, such as Jenners of Edinburgh, Howells of Cardiff, David Evans of Swansea, Rackhams of Cirencester, the Beatties department stores, and Harrods of Knightsbridge (which is now owned privately by Mohamed Al Fayed). Jenners Department Store, commonly known simply as Jenners, is a Department store located in Edinburgh, Scotland. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Howells is a large Department store located on St Mary's Street in Cardiff, Wales. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. Cirencester is a Market town in Gloucestershire, England, 93 miles (150 km west northwest of London Beatties is a British Department store group with 8 stores located primarily in the Midlands of England. Harrods is a Department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. Knightsbridge is a road which gives its name to an exclusive district lying to the west of Central London. It has a long term strategy of re-branding its stores under the 'House of Fraser' name. Former well known names such as Dickins & Jones (Regent Street, London), D H Evans (Oxford Street, London), Army & Navy (Victoria, London), and Kendals in Manchester have all disappeared or been rebranded. Dickins & Jones was a Department store that had operated between 1835 and 2006 (tracing origins as early as 1803 in London, United Kingdom. Regent Street is one of the major shopping streets in London 's West End. Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in London, England in the City of Westminster. Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London Kendals, Kendal Milne & Co, Kendal Milne & Falkner or Watt's was the name of a Department store in Manchester, England.

Contents

History

The early years

The company was founded in 1849, when partners Hugh Fraser and James Arthur opened a small drapery shop on the corner of Argyle Street and Buchanan Street in Glasgow, Scotland. Argyle Street is the name of a street in many cities and towns Buchanan Street is one of the main shopping thoroughfares in Glasgow, the largest City in Scotland. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The business premises required extensive alteration to create a new access point from Buchanan Street.

Hugh Fraser was born in 1815, the son of a Dunbartonshire farmer. Name Dumbarton was formerly the county town and the county was originally also spelled Dumbartonshire. He was apprenticed to Stewart & McDonald Ltd, a well-known and respected Glasgow drapery warehouse, where he rose to the position of warehouse manager before deciding to go into business with Arthur. Draper is the now largely obsolete term for a merchant in cloth or dry goods though often used specifically for one who owns or works in a draper's shop or store Fraser was a popular figure at Stewart & McDonalds and many of his customers followed him when Arthur & Fraser began trading.

The background of James Arthur was slightly different to Fraser in that he had previously owned a retail drapery business in Paisley, near Glasgow. Paisley (Pàislig is a town and former Burgh in the west- Central Lowlands of Scotland. However after the opening of Arthur & Fraser he appointed a manager to oversee the Paisley business in order to concentrate his attention fully on the Arthur & Fraser store.

Arthur & Fraser quickly expanded the business and established a wholesale trade in adjoining premises in Argyle Street. Wholesaling is the sale of Goods or Merchandise to Retailers to industrial commercial institutional or other professional Business users In 1856 the wholesale business moved to a larger site in Miller Street, Glasgow and it became a separate part of the company, being given the name Arthur & Co. Meanwhile the retail side of the business expanded into the vacant buildings left by the movement of the wholesale side.

At this time the partners chose to devote their attention to the development of the wholesale trade, appointing Thomas Kirkpatrick to manage the retail side. Kirkpatrick left after a few years in charge, to be replaced by Alexander McLaren. In 1865 tensions began to surface between Fraser and Arthur and the partnership was dissolved. Fraser assumed control of the retail business while Arthur took control of the wholesale business. From 1865 Fraser managed the store in partnership with Alexander McLaren, and the business was renamed Fraser & McLaren.

Fraser & Sons

Hugh Fraser (the first) died in 1873 and under the terms of his will each of his five sons was given the chance to purchase a share in the business for the sum of £8,000. The three eldest sons, James, John and Hugh, eventually did so, although all were minors when their father died, so the trustees watched over their interests until they came of age. When old enough, James and John Fraser, initially with Alexander McLaren and later with John Towers as managing partners, directed the business, which was now called Fraser & Sons. In 1891 Hugh also joined the partnership.

In 1879, the current flagship store on Oxford Street was opened by Dan Harries Evans, a 23 year old from Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. Merthyr Tydfil today Government The current Borough boundaries date back to 1974 when the former county borough of Merthyr Tydfil expanded slightly to cover He had previously been apprenticed to a draper near his home town. Apprenticeship is a system of Training a new generation of practitioners of a skill Draper is the now largely obsolete term for a merchant in cloth or dry goods though often used specifically for one who owns or works in a draper's shop or store He moved to London in 1878 to set up his own business in Westminster Bridge Road. Westminster Bridge Road is a short but busy Road in London, SE1. The store traded under the D H Evans name until 2001.

By the turn of the century Hugh had assumed effective control, forming a private company, Fraser & Sons Ltd in 1909. The new company saw the introduction of the now famous stag’s head emblem which was to represent the Fraser name for nearly eighty years.

Growth and expansion

Hugh Fraser II was an excellent businessman and he consolidated the company’s position. His son Hugh Fraser III, who took over the company after the death of his father in 1927, wanted to build on the strong base his father had left and undertake ambitious expansion for the company. Hugh Fraser 1st Baron Fraser of Allander ( 15 January 1903 &ndash 6 November 1966) was the grandson of Hugh Fraser

Hugh Fraser III was born in 1903 and initially started to train as an accountant after leaving school. He was though, eager to enter the family business and joined Fraser & Sons at the age of eighteen. He soon began to open new departments and he also enlarged the tearoom and opened a restaurant to try and increase business. In 1924 he was appointed managing director and on the death of his father he became chairman of the company. The next few years were a difficult time in Britain as an economic recession took a grip on the country. At a time when most companies were reducing staff and expenses, Fraser recognised the need to invest for the future. He extended and improved the store in Buchanan Street and then began to look at the possible acquisition of other retail businesses.

In 1936 Fraser purchased Arnott & Co Ltd and its neighbour Robert Simpson & Sons Ltd in nearby Argyle Street, merging the companies to help improve trade. The start of expansion in 1936 was to develop to such an extent that between 1936 and 1985 over seventy companies, not including their subsidiaries would come under the Fraser umbrella.

1950s to 1970s

When the company, now named House of Fraser, went public in 1948, it already comprised sixteen different Scottish branches. A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company It was not until 1951, when the company purchased McDonalds Ltd, ironically where Hugh Fraser I had completed his apprenticeship, that they had an outlet in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Although McDonalds Ltd was a Scottish company it also had a branch in Harrogate. Harrogate (or Harrogate Spa) is a large wealthy Spa town in North Yorkshire, England. Fraser then purchased the Scottish Drapery Corporation in 1952, shortly followed by the acquisition of the Sunderland based Binns group of stores. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England.

The financial tactics of Fraser were astute. He appreciated that a store’s major assets lay in stock and goodwill, so he sold the property sites to insurance companies, leasing them back for long terms at advantageous rates. This enabled the release of capital for the purchase of new premises and the modernisation of existing stores. In 1957 the Kensington store group of John Barker & Co Ltd was acquired and two years later the prestigious Harrods group also joined the company. Kensington is a district of West London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, located west of Charing Cross. Harrods is a Department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. Fraser was granted the title Lord Fraser of Allander in 1963, for his generous philanthropy and services to Scottish tourism. Lord Fraser died three years later in 1966. Sir Hugh Fraser, who succeeded his father as head of the company, resumed the expansion of the company in 1969 with the takeover of J. J. Allen Ltd, a Bournemouth based group. Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England.

During the 1970’s the House of Fraser Group acquired more companies including: T. Baird & Sons Ltd of Scotland, Switzer & Co. Ltd, Dublin, Erie and E. Dingle & Co. Ltd, Chiesmans Ltd, Hide & Co and the Army & Navy Stores in southern England, as well as a number of independent stores with good trading prospects. Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London During the decade over fifty stores joined the group and in 1975 seven regional divisions were formed; Scottish, Binns, Midland, Dingles, Army & Navy, Harrods and Chiesmans. Although each division had its own head office, management services and buyers, overall direction was still provided from Glasgow.

1980s

The early 1980’s were difficult years with an economic recession and fierce competition in the high street, compounded by the Lonrho Group’s attempt to intervene in the running of the company's affairs. Lonmin plc () formerly Lonrho plc, is a producer of Platinum group metals operating in the Bushveld Complex of South Africa. In 1981 Prof. Roland Smith replaced Sir Hugh Fraser as chairman. A takeover bid by Lonrho was referred to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission and declared to be contrary to the public interest. The Competition Commission is an independent body responsible for investigating Mergers market shares and conditions and the regulation of firms under United Kingdom The growth of the company continued through this time of uncertainty with four brand new stores opening between 1980 and 1984.

In 1984, in compliance with new company law the group became, House of Fraser plc. The company had strengthened its involvement in other areas other than department stores and fashion retailing with the growth of Astral sports and Wylie & Lochhead(Funerals), also the launch of YOU cosmetics and jewellery shops and the purchase in 1985, of Turnbull & Asser Holdings Ltd, shirt makers of Jermyn Street, London and Kurt Geiger Holdings Ltd, shoe retailers. Jermyn Street (pronounced "Germin" is a street in the City of Westminster, central London, to the south parallel and adjacent to Piccadilly.

Developments during the 1980s included the introduction of ‘Lifestyle’ merchandise ranges to attract younger customers and a huge investment in store refurbishment nationwide. In 1983 the Frasercard, valid at all stores and administered from a central computing facility in Swindon, was introduced to replace the existing charge accounts for customers. Swindon ( is a large town in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire in the South West of England, midway between Bristol (64 km / 40 miles

Late 1980s and 1990s

In March 1985 House of Fraser was purchased by the Al Fayed family in a £615 million deal. The Al Fayeds owned important international shipping, oil, banking and property businesses and supported the continuing expansion of the company and the introduction of a new corporate identity. In 1985 the stag’s head logo of the company was replaced by a stag leaping from a triangle. Harder times were to come in the 1990’s as a number of stores were closed, with a substantial loss of staff.

In 1994 House of Fraser went public, but Harrods was kept under the private ownership of the Al Fayed family. John Coleman was appointed as chief executive of the House of Fraser Group in 1996. In difficult times the company closed more stores and cut nearly 1,000 staff. The company started to move direction into high-margin private label brands aimed at ‘fashion lovers, smart career movers, and quality classics’. House of Fraser launched its Linea brand in 1997 and Platinum and Fraser the following year.

The new change in direction by the company worked with profitability being achieved by 1998. House of Fraser set up BL Fraser, a 50-50 joint venture with the British Land Company, in 1999 to buy 15 House of Fraser stores that would continue to be operated by House of Fraser. British Land Company PLC ( is one of the largest property development and investment companies in the United Kingdom. The company added to its private-label brands in 2000 with House of Fraser womenswear, The Collection menswear, and a Linea Home line.

2000s

On 14 January 2006, the company closed its Dickins & Jones store in London's Regent Street, which traces its history back more than 200 years, and the loss making Beatties store in Birmingham. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The 135-year-old Barkers business in Kensington High Street closed two weeks previously on 2 January 2006. Kensington High Street is the main shopping street in Kensington, west London. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

House of Fraser opened a new flagship store in the Chapelfield Shopping Centre, Norwich in September 2005, and its first store outside the UK in Dundrum Town Centre, Dublin, Ireland. History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund Dundrum Town Centre is a shopping centre located in Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland on the site of the defunct Pye television factory Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world They also opened a store in Croydon's new Centrale shopping centre in 2004. Croydon is a large town and major commercial centre in South London, and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Croydon. Centrale is a shopping centre in Croydon, South London, the largest in London "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The company will become an anchor tenant of the new Westfield London shopping centre at White City, London, due to open in autumn 2008. Westfield London will be a large Shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush, London, United Kingdom. White City is a place in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, to the north of Shepherd's Bush. [1]

In February 2006 the group announced that it had received a preliminary bid approach valuing it at £300 million[2], but the bidder, private equity firm Apax, later withdrew. In Finance, private equity is an Asset class consisting of equity Securities in operating companies that are not Publicly traded on [3]

In May 2006 speculation surrounding House of Fraser of an approach from a potential buyer was later confirmed as the Icelandic investor Baugur. Baugur Group ( in Icelandic, otherwise often) is an Icelandic Investment company. [1] House of Fraser was acquired by Bauger for £351. 4 million in August 2006.


In January 2007 - House of Fraser (Reading) has now launched the sale of designer brand clothing within the store such as Versace Collections, Ed Hardy, Evisu, Armani, Hugo Boss and D&G, aimed at the growing demand for these brands nationwide.


In March 2008 House of Fraser opened its first store in Northern Ireland in the newly built Victoria Square Centre. This new store at 200,000 sq ft will make it the largest store that House of Fraser has opened (as opposed to taken over) in the UK.

In September 2008, House of Fraser Bristol relocates to the Cabot Circus development within the City, becoming the flagship store of Bristol. This is also the first new store opened by House of Fraser since new ownership, where the new owners have been involved from the planning stages onwards, unlike the new stores in High Wycombe and Belfast.

House of Fraser goes online

PricewaterhouseCoopers reported Internet marketing spend totaled $16. PricewaterhouseCoopers (or PwC is one of the world's largest Professional services firms 9 billion in 2006 [4]. Up until 2007 House of Fraser never had an online shop where their customers could buy online. In September 2007 House of Fraser launched a new website, along with an online store. [5] Recognising the huge profits to be made from internet retail, the firm offers most of it's of brands and products at www. houseoffraser. co. uk, making it easy for customers to find garments and accessories.

Financial performance

House of Fraser's turnover for the 52 weeks ended 28 January 2006 was £701. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 9 million. Profits were £22. 3 million before tax and £18. 2 million after tax.

Customer service

House of Fraser have had mixed reviews [2] from customers about their customer services.

Department stores

As of April 2008 the company operates 63 department stores. Most of these trade as House of Fraser, but some continue to trade under other names such as Army & Navy, Binns, Dingles, David Evans and Rackhams. The stores are in a mixture of town and city centre and regional shopping centre locations. They are generally the largest or second largest department store in their local market. As part of the Bauger takeover all brand names for their stores, including the Beatties branches, will be replaced with the House of Fraser name with the exception of Jenners. Jenners Department Store, commonly known simply as Jenners, is a Department store located in Edinburgh, Scotland. [6]

London

South East England

South West England

Central England

Beatties (before rebranding to House of Fraser in Aug 2007) in Telford forms part of Telford Shopping Centre.
Beatties (before rebranding to House of Fraser in Aug 2007) in Telford forms part of Telford Shopping Centre. Croydon is a large town and major commercial centre in South London, and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Croydon. Centrale is a shopping centre in Croydon, South London, the largest in London King William Street is the name of a street in the City of London, England. Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in London, England in the City of Westminster. Victoria is an informal area of inner city London, lying wholly within the City of Westminster, and named after Victoria of the United Kingdom. Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London White City is a place in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, to the north of Shepherd's Bush. Westfield London will be a large Shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush, London, United Kingdom. See also Aylesbury Urban Area Aylesbury is the County town of Buckinghamshire in south east England. Camberley is a town in Surrey, England, situated 31 miles (50 km south west of Central London Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, England. It has a long history as a settlement its Roman past and its subsequent importance Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London Army & Navy Stores was the name of a Department store group in the United Kingdom, the flagship of which was located on Victoria Street in London See also Epsom New Hampshire, and Epsom New Zealand. For the chemical compound see Epsom salts. Greenhithe is a Village in Dartford District of Kent, England. Bluewater is a super-regional shopping centre, opened on 16 March 1999. Guildford ( IPA /ˈgɪlfəd/ is the County town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford and the See also High Wycombe Western Australia High Wycombe (hai ˈwɪk Maidstone is the County town of Kent, England, south-east of London. Milton Keynes ( ˌmɪltənˈkiːnz often abbreviated to MK, is a large town Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between The Oracle is a large indoor shopping and leisure mall by London-based Hammerson plc, located on the banks of the River Kennet in Reading, Richmond is a town and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in England. West Thurrock is an area of Thurrock, Essex, England, located 17 The Lakeside Shopping Centre is a large out-of-town shopping centre located in West Thurrock, in the borough of Thurrock, Essex just beyond the Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Exeter ( (IPA ˈeksɪtər is a city, district and County town of Devon, England. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Swindon ( is a large town in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire in the South West of England, midway between Bristol (64 km / 40 miles Telford ( ˈtɛlfɚd is a large new town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England, Telford Shopping Centre is a 50 acre being located roughly equidistant between Shrewsbury, the county town and the West Midlands conurbation.
Beatties Wolverhampton.
Beatties Wolverhampton.

Yorkshire and Humber

North East England

North West England

Scotland

Wales

Northern Ireland

Ireland

Former locations

Predecessor, subsidiary and associated companies

References

  1. ^ Organic grocer replaces Barkers (Times Online)
  2. ^ House of Fraser reveals £300m bid approach (Times Online)
  3. ^ House of Fraser profits flattered by acquisitions (The Independent)
  4. ^ PricewaterhouseCoopers reported US Internet marketing spend totalled $16.9 billion in 2006" (Accessed 18-June-2007)
  5. ^ House of Fraser is to launch an online shopin September 2007" (Accessed 16-August-2007)
  6. ^ Baugur plans to sharpen HoF image (Times Online)
  7. ^ Kelly, Sean. Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western Hamilton is a town in South Lanarkshire, in the west- Central Lowlands of Scotland. Harrogate (or Harrogate Spa) is a large wealthy Spa town in North Yorkshire, England. Harrogate (or Harrogate Spa) is a large wealthy Spa town in North Yorkshire, England. Helston (Hellys or Henlys is a small Town and Civil parish in the Kerrier district of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom Hove is a town on the south coast of England, immediately to the west of its larger neighbour Brighton, with whom it forms the Unitary authority Brighton Ilford is a district of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is a suburban development situated east north-east of Charing Cross and one the major metropolitan centres Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. Irvine ( Gaelic: Irbhinn) is a coastal New town in North Ayrshire, Scotland. Kensington is a district of West London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, located west of Charing Cross. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Kensington is a district of West London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, located west of Charing Cross. Kensington is a district of West London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, located west of Charing Cross. Kilmarnock (Cill Meàrnaig locally known as Killie) is a large Burgh in East Ayrshire, Scotland, with a population of 44170 Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough Kirkcaldy (kɪrˈkɔːdi Cathair Chaladain) is a town and former Royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. Knightsbridge is a road which gives its name to an exclusive district lying to the west of Central London. Harrods is a Department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Schofields was a Department store that operated on The Headrow in Leeds, England from 1901 to 1996 Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Lewisham is a district in south-east London, England and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Lewisham. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Maidstone is the County town of Kent, England, south-east of London. Motherwell ( Tobar na Màthar in Gaelic) and ( Motherwill in local Scots - local people tend not to pronouce the 'e' in Motherwell is a large Town Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Newport is the County town of the Isle of Wight, an island off the south coast of England. Newquay (Tewynn Pleustri is a town Civil parish, Seaside resort and Fishing port on the north Atlantic coast of Cornwall, Newton Abbot is a market Town in Devon, England on the River Teign, with a population of 23580 (2001 census Newton Abbot is a market Town in Devon, England on the River Teign, with a population of 23580 (2001 census Newton Abbot is a market Town in Devon, England on the River Teign, with a population of 23580 (2001 census Paisley (Pàislig is a town and former Burgh in the west- Central Lowlands of Scotland. Penzance (Pensans also Penzans, IPA: /pɛnˈzæns/ is a town Civil parish, and Port in the Penwith district of Cornwall Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Peterhead is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's largest settlement having a population of approximately 19000 Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Port Glasgow ( Gaelic Port Ghlaschu pɔɾʃd̪̊ˈɣɫ̪as̪əxu is the second largest town in the Inverclyde Council area Regent Street is one of the major shopping streets in London 's West End. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Dickins & Jones was a Department store that had operated between 1835 and 2006 (tracing origins as early as 1803 in London, United Kingdom. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rochester is a town in Kent, England. It is located within the Unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the Salisbury (ˈsɒlzbri ˈsɔːlzbri ('Solzbry' or ˈzɔːwzbri ('Zawzbry' — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in the Scunthorpe is a town within North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire Unitary authority Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England John Walsh was a family owned Department store in Sheffield, England. John Walsh was a family owned Department store in Sheffield, England. John Walsh was a family owned Department store in Sheffield, England. John Walsh was a family owned Department store in Sheffield, England. Shotts is a Town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. As of the 2001 Census, the population was 8235 South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. Stirling ( Gaelic: Sruighlea, Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient Burgh in Scotland, and is at Stirling ( Gaelic: Sruighlea, Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient Burgh in Scotland, and is at Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. Torquay (tɔrˈkiː is a town in the Unitary authority of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. Trowbridge is the County town of Wiltshire, England, situated on the River Biss in the west of the county approximately 12 miles (19 km southeast Truro (ˈtruːrəʊ Truru is a city in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, and is the centre for administration leisure Upton Park is an area in the London Borough of Newham. Upton Park is centred upon Green Street a High street that runs north-south between the This article refers to the place for the Rugby Football Club see West Hartlepool R Whifflet is a suburb of Coatbridge, Scotland. It was originally known as wheat flats but over time the name developed to Whifflet Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre For the village in England see Wishaw Warwickshire Wishaw ( Scots Wishae) is a large town and former Burgh in Wood Green is a district in the London Borough of Haringey in North London, England. Yeovil (ˈjovɪl is a town in south Somerset, England, on the A30 and A37. "A Death by 1,000 Cuts", Shopping Centers Today, March 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.  

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