For a full history of the Capetian family, see Capetian dynasty. For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet.

The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, (French: Les Capétiens, la Maison capétienne), also called The House of France (la maison de France), or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty - itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians. The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western For Gaul before the Roman conquest see Gaul. Roman Gaul consisted of an area of provincial rule in the Roman Empire, in modern day The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin France in the Middle Ages covers an area roughly corresponding to modern day France, from the death of Charlemagne in 814 to the middle of the 15th The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Early Modern France is the Early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The History of France from 1789 to 1914 ( The long 19th century) extends from the French Revolution to World War I and includes The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the Constitutional and legislative assembly The Executive Directory ( Directoire exécutif) was a body of 5 single-male Directors that held executive power in France following The Consulate was the government of France between the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French The July Monarchy (1830-1848 was a period of liberal monarchy rule of France under Louis-Philippe The February 1848 Revolution in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852 History Revolution of 1848 See also Mid-nineteenth century France The industrial population of the Faubourgs The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May The History of France from 1914 to the present includes the later years of the Third Republic (1871–1941 World War I (1914–18 Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 The Provisional Government of the French Republic ( gouvernement provisoire de la République française or GPRF was an interim government which governed The founding of the Fourth Republic (1944-47 See also Three Parties, Third Force (France European Unity The creation of the See also Government of France The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département This is a history of the economy of France. For more information on historical cultural demographic and sociological developments in France see the chronological As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2000 years across areas including modern France, greater France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world For practical purposes the history of French art has been divided into a series of separate articles accessible through the template to the right This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the The Culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by its geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and This is a timeline of French history. To read about the background to these events see History of France. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet. The Robertians, or Robertines, were a Frankish predecessor family of whatbecame the Capetians. As rulers of France, the dynasty succeeded the Carolingian dynasty. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The name derives from the nickname of Hugh, the first Capetian King, who was known as Hugh Capet. Hugh Capet (c 940 &ndash 24 October, 996) was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the

The direct House of Capet came to an end in 1328, when the three sons of Philip IV all failed to produce surviving male heirs to the French throne. With the death of Charles IV, the throne passed to the House of Valois, the direct descendants of Charles of Valois, a younger son of Philip III. Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Charles of Valois ( March 12, 1270 &ndash December 16, 1325) was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was It would later pass again, to the House of Bourbon and the House of Orléans (both descended from Louis IX), while always remaining in the hands of agnatic descendants of Hugh Capet. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's royal founder Hugh Capet For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet.

History

Early Capetian kings

The first Capetian monarch was Hugh Capet (c. Hugh Capet (c 940 &ndash 24 October, 996) was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the 940–996), a French nobleman from the Île-de-France, who, following the death of Louis V of France (c. Events By Place Asia Saadia Gaon compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book in Iraq. Events By Place Europe March / April — Pope John XV dies before being able to crown Otto III, King Île-de-France is one of the ancient Provinces of France, and the one that has been the centre of power during most of French history. Louis V (c 967 – 21 May 987) called the Indolent or the Sluggard (from French Louis le Fainéant, meaning "Louis 967–987) – the last Carolingian King – secured the throne of France by election. 967 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe The Bishopric of Merseburg is formed in Saxony Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the He then proceeded to make it hereditary in his family, by securing the election and coronation of his son, Robert II (972–1031), as co-King. "Heir" and "Heiress" redirect here For the men and women fragrances endorsed by Paris Hilton see Heiress (fragrance. A coronation is a ceremony marking the investiture of a Monarch with regal power specifically involving the placement of a crown upon his or her head and the Robert II ( 27 March 972 &ndash 20 July 1031) called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 972 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe Otto II marries Theophanu, Byzantine The throne thus passed securely to Robert on his father's death, who followed the same custom – as did many of his early successors.

The Capetian Kings were initially weak rulers of the Kingdom – they directly ruled only small holdings in the Île-de-France and the Orléanais, all of which were plagued with disorder; the rest of France was controlled by potentates such as the Duke of Normandy, the Count of Blois, the Duke of Burgundy (himself a member of the Capetian Dynasty after 1032) and the Duke of Aquitaine (all of whom facing to a greater or lesser extent the same problems of controlling their subordinates). This article is about the French city of Orléans for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation. Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Robert I Capet (1011 &ndash March 21 1076) was Duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the The House of Capet was, however, fortunate enough to have the support of the Church, and – with the exception of Philip I (1052–1108), Louis IX (1215–1270) and the shortlived John the Posthumous (1316) – were able to avoid the problems of underaged Kingship. Philip I ( 23 May 1052 &ndash 29 July 1108) called the Amorous or the Fat, was King of France from 1060 John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre In law the term minor (also infant or infancy) is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes Adulthood and is legally

Capetian and Plantagenet

Briefly, under Louis VII 'the Young' (1120–1180), the House of Capet rose in their power in France – Louis married Aliénor (1122–1204), the heiress of the Duchy of Aquitaine, and so became Duke – an advantage which had been eagerly grasped by Louis VI 'the Fat' (1081–1137), Louis the Young's father, when Aliénor's father had asked of the King in his Will to secure a good marriage for the young Duchess. Louis VII, called the Younger or the Young (Louis le Jeune 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of France, the son and successor For other Eleanors of England see Eleanor of England (disambiguation Eleanor Duchess of Aquitaine (1122&ndash1 April 1204 Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137 However, the marriage – and thus one avenue of Capetian aggrandisement – failed: the couple produced only two daughters, and suffered marital discord; driven to secure the future of the House, Louis thus divorced Aliénor (who went on to marry Henry II of England (1133–1189), and be known to English history as Eleanor of Aquitaine), and married twice more before finally securing a son, Philippe Dieu-donné ("The God-Given"), who would continue the House as Philip II Augustus (1165–1223), and break the power of the Angevins – the family of Aliénor and Henry II – in France. Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied

Coat of Arms of the House of Capet – a blue field strewn with Lilies

Louis VIII (1187–1226) – the eldest son and heir of Philip Augustus – married Blanche of Castile (1188–1252), a granddaughter of Aliénor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England. Louis VIII the Lion ( 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226 For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. In her name, he claimed the crown of England, invading at the invitation of the English Barons, and briefly being acclaimed – though, it would later be stressed, not crowned – as King of England. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during However, the Capetians failed to establish themselves in England – Louis was forced to sign the Treaty of Lambeth, which legally decreed that he had never been King of England, and the Prince reluctantly returned to his wife and father in France. The Treaty of Lambeth, also known as the Treaty of Kingston, was signed on an island at Kingston-upon-Thames in 1217 by Prince Louis of France More importantly for his dynasty, he would during his brief reign (1223-1226) conquer Poitou, and some of the lands of the Pays d'Oc, declared forfeit from their former owners by the Pope as part of the Albigensian Crusade. Poitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209&ndash1229 was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar These lands were added to the French crown, further empowering the Capetian family.

Louis IX (1215–1270) – Saint Louis – succeeded Louis VIII as a child; unable to rule for several years, the government of the realm was undertaken by his mother, the formidable Queen Blanche. She had originally been chosen by her grandmother, Aliénor, to marry the French heir, considered more suitable a Queen of France than her sister Urracca; as regent, she proved this to be so, being associated in the Kingship not only during her son's minority, but even after he came into his own. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Louis, too, proved a largely acclaimed King – though he expended much money and effort on the Crusades, only for it to go to waste, as a King of France he was admired for his austerity, strength, bravery, justice, and his devotion to France. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Dynastically, he established two notable Capetian Houses:the House of Anjou (which he created by bestowing the County of Anjou upon his brother, Charles (1227–1285)), and the House of Bourbon (which he established by bestowing Clermont on his son Robert (1256–1317) in 1268, before marrying the young man to the heiress of Bourbon, Beatrix (1257–1310)); the first House would go on to rule Sicily, Naples, and Hungary, suffering many tragedies and disasters on the way; the second would eventually succeed to the French thone, collecting Navarre along the way. Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied Anjou is a former County (c 880) Duchy ( 1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvasis first appear in the early 11th century Robert of France (1256 &ndash February 7 1317) was made Count of Clermont in 1268 Beatrice of Burgundy (1257 &ndash October 1 1310) was Lady of Bourbon and through her mother heiress of all Bourbon estates The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either

Apogee of royal power

At the death of Louis IX (who shortly after was set upon the road to beatification), France under the Capetians stood as the pre-eminent power in Western Europe. Hugh Capet (c 940 &ndash 24 October, 996) was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Robert II ( 27 March 972 &ndash 20 July 1031) called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 Robert II ( 27 March 972 &ndash 20 July 1031) called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 Henry I ( 4 May 1008 &ndash 4 August 1060) was King of France from 1031 to his death Robert I Capet (1011 &ndash March 21 1076) was Duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death Henry I ( 4 May 1008 &ndash 4 August 1060) was King of France from 1031 to his death Philip I ( 23 May 1052 &ndash 29 July 1108) called the Amorous or the Fat, was King of France from 1060 Philip I ( 23 May 1052 &ndash 29 July 1108) called the Amorous or the Fat, was King of France from 1060 Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137 Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137 Louis VII, called the Younger or the Young (Louis le Jeune 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of France, the son and successor Robert I of Dreux, (Robert I Capet nicknamed the Great (c 1123 &ndash October 11, 1188) was the fifth son of Louis VI of France and Louis VII, called the Younger or the Young (Louis le Jeune 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of France, the son and successor Marie of France, or Marie Capet, Countess of Champagne (1145 &ndash March 11, 1198) was the elder daughter of Louis VII of France Alix of France (summer 1151 &ndash 1197/1198 was the second daughter born to Louis VII of France by his first wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. Marguerite of France (November 1157 – August/September 1197 was the eldest daughter of Louis VII of France by his second wife Constance of Castile. Alys Countess of the Vexin ( 4 October 1160 &ndash c 1220 was the daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife Constance of Castile Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Agnes of France (1171 &ndash after 1204 was a daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne. Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Louis VIII the Lion ( 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226 Louis VIII the Lion ( 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226 Robert I "the Good" (1216 &ndash February 8 1250) was Count of Artois. Alfonso or Alphonse ( 11 November 1220 &ndash 21 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse Saint Isabel of France (March 1225– 23 February 1270) was the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Robert of France (1256 &ndash February 7 1317) was made Count of Clermont in 1268 Agnes of France (c 1260 - December 19, 1327) was the youngest daughter of Louis IX of France and Marguerite Berenger of Provence Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Charles of Valois ( March 12, 1270 &ndash December 16, 1325) was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon Louis of France Count d'Évreux (May 3 1276 &ndash May 19, 1319, Paris) was the third son of King Philip III the Bold with his second wife For other people with the same name see Marguerite of France. Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Joan II of Navarre ( January 28, 1312 &ndash October 6, 1349) was Queen of Navarre 1328&ndash1349 John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre Joan of Burgundy ( 2 May[[ 308]] &ndash 1349 also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne or Jeanne de France was the eldest daughter of King Philip V of France and Marguerite de France (1310 &ndash 9 May 1382) was a medieval noblewoman reigning Countess Palatine of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté) and Countess Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Joan II of Navarre ( January 28, 1312 &ndash October 6, 1349) was Queen of Navarre 1328&ndash1349 John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church This stance was largely continued, if not furthered, by his son Philip III (1245–1285), and his son Philip IV (1268–1314), both of whom ruled with the aid of advisors committed to the future of the House of Capet and of France, and both of whom made notable – for different reasons – dynastic marriages. Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Philip III married as his first wife Isabel (1247–1271), a daughter of King James I of Aragon (1208–1276); long after her death, he claimed the throne of Aragon for his second son, Charles (1270–1325), by virtue of Charles' descent via Isabel from the Kings of Aragon. Not to be confused with Elizabeth of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon (Duchess of Milan and Isabella of Aragon Princess of Asturias. James I the Conqueror ( Catalan: Jaume el Conqueridor, Aragonese: Chaime lo Conqueridor, Spanish: Jaime el Conquistador Charles of Valois ( March 12, 1270 &ndash December 16, 1325) was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon Unfortunately for the Capetians, the endeavour proved a failure, and the King himself died of dysentery at Perpignan, succeeded by his son, Philip IV. Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative

Philip IV had married Jeanne (1271–1305), the heiress of Navarre and Champagne. Joan I de Navarre, also known as Joanna or Joan of Navarre (c Champagne is a historic province in the northeast of France, best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name By this marriage, he added these domains to the French crown. He engaged in conflicts with the Papacy, eventually kidnapping Pope Boniface VIII (c. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 1235–1303), and securing the appointment of the more sympathetic Frenchman, Bertrand de Goth (1264–1314), as Pope Clement V; and he boosted the power and wealth of the crown by abolishing the Order of the Temple, seizing its assets in 1307. Pope Clement V' (About 1264 &ndash April 20, 1314) born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Gouth and de The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order More importantly to French history, he summoned the first Estates General – in 1302 – and in 1295 established the so-called "Auld Alliance" with the Scots, at the time resisting English domination. In France under the Ancien Regime, the States-General or Estates-General (French états généraux) was a Legislative assembly The Auld Alliance (Vieille Alliance auld-alliansen refers to a series of treaties offensive and defensive in nature between Scotland and France aimed specifically Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He died in 1314, less than a year after the execution of the Templar leaders – it was said that he had been summoned to appear before God by Jacques de Molay (d. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Jacques de Molay (est 1244–5/1249–50 – 18 March 1314) was the 23rd and officially last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, leading the 1314), the Grand Master of the Templars, as the latter was burnt at the stake as a heretic; it was also said that de Molay had cursed the King and his family. Grand Master is the typical Title of the supreme head (in some national orders below the Sovereign Head of state of various orders of knighthood including Military orders

The successional crisis

It was Philip IV who presided over the beginning of his House's end. The first quarter of the century saw each of Philip's sons reign in rapid succession; • Louis X (1314-1316) • Philip V (1316-1322) • Charles IV (1322-1328). Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and

Having been informed that his daughters-in-law were engaging in adultery with two knights – according to some sources, he was told this by his own daughter, Isabelle – he allegedly caught two of them in the act in 1313, and had all three shut up in royal prisons. Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of Margaret (1290–1315), the wife of his eldest son and heir, Louis Hutin (1289–1316), had borne her husband only a daughter at this time, and the paternity of this girl, Jeanne, was with her mother's adultery now suspected. Margaret of Burgundy, (Marguerite de Bourgogne (1290 &ndash August 14 1315) was the first queen consort of King Louis X of France and Navarre Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Accordingly, Louis – unwilling to release his wife and return to their marriage – needed to remarry. He arranged a marriage with his cousin, Clementia of Hungary (1293–1328), and after Queen Margaret conveniently died in 1315, (strangled by order of the King, some claimed), he swiftly remarried to Clementia. Clémence d'Anjou, also called Clementia of Hungary (Clémence de Hongrie ( 1293 - October 12 1328) Queen consort of France She was pregnant when he died a year later, after an unremarkable reign; uncertain of how to arrange the succession (the two main claimants being Louis' daughter Jeanne – the suspected bastard – and Louis' younger brother Philip (1293–1322), Comte de Poitou), the French set up a regency under the Comte de Poitou, and hoped that the child would be a boy. Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became This proved the case, but the boy – John (1316), known as the Posthumus – died after only 5 days, leaving a succession crisis. John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre Eventually, it was decided based on several legal reasons (later reinterpreted as Salic Law) that Jeanne was ineligible to inherit the throne, which passed to the Comte de Poitou, who became Philip V. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages He, however, produced no surviving sons with his wife, Joan, Countess of Burgundy (1291–1330), who had been cleared of her charges of adultery; thus, when he died in 1322, the crown passed to his brother, Charles (1294–1328), Comte de La Marche, who became Charles IV; the County of Burgundy, brought to the Capetians by the marriage of Joan and Philip V, remained with Joan, and ceased to be part of the royal domains. See also Joan of Burgundy Jeanne Countess of Burgundy ( 15 January[[ 292]] - 21 January 1330) also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne Jeanne Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and The County of Marche (la Marcha was a Medieval French County, approximately corresponding to the modern département of Creuse The Free County of Burgundy, in German Freigrafschaft Burgund, was a Medieval County (from 867 to 1678 AD within the traditional province and modern French

Charles IV swiftly divorced his adulterous wife, Blanche of Burgundy (c. Blanche of Burgundy (Blanche de Bourgogne ( c. 1296 - April 29, 1326) was queen of France for a few months in 1322 due to her marriage 1296–1326) (sister of Countess Joan), who had given him no surviving children, and who had been locked up since 1313; in her place, he married Marie of Luxembourg (1304–1324), a daughter of Emperor Henry VII (c. Not to be confused with Marie de Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme Henry VII ( Heinrich; c 1275 (or 1279 &ndash 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and 1275–1313). Marie died in 1324, giving birth to a still-born child; tragically for the King, the baby was a son. He then remarried to his cousin, Jeanne d'Évreux (1310–1371), who however bore him only daughters; when he died in 1328, his only child was Marie, a daughter by Jeanne, and the unborn child his wife was pregnant with. Jeanne d'Évreux ( 1310 - 4 March 1371) was the third wife of King Charles IV of France, daughter of his uncle Louis d'Évreux. Philip of Valois (1293–1350), Count of Anjou and Valois, Charles' cousin, was set up as regent; when the Queen produced a daughter, Blanche, Philip by assent of the great magnates became Philip VI, of the House of Valois, cadet branch of the Capetian Dynasty. Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father The Valois, originally Val d'Ois, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in modern Picardy. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and

Last heirs

The last of the direct Capetians were the daughters of Philip IV's three sons, and Philip IV's daughter, Isabelle. The wife of Edward II of England (1284–1327), Isabelle (c. For the play see Edward II (play. For the film see Edward II (film. 1295–1358) overthrew her husband in favour of her son (Edward III, 1312–1377) and her lover (Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, 1287–1330), only for Edward III to execute Mortimer and have Isabelle removed from power. Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Roger de Mortimer 1st Earl of March ( 25 April 1287 &ndash 29 November 1330) an English nobleman was for three years de facto ruler On the death of her brother, Charles IV, she claimed to be her father's heiress, and demanded the throne pass to her son (who as a male, an heir to Philip IV, and of adult age, was considered to have a good claim to the throne); however, her case was refuted, eventually providing a cause for the Hundred Years' War. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior

Jeanne (1312–1349), the daughter of Louis X, succeeded on the death of Charles IV to the throne of Navarre, she now being – questions of paternity aside – the unquestioned heiress. Joan II of Navarre ( January 28, 1312 &ndash October 6, 1349) was Queen of Navarre 1328&ndash1349 She was the last direct Capetian ruler of that Kingdom, being succeeded by her son, Charles II of Navarre (1332–1387); his father, Philip of Évreux (1306–1343) had been a member of the Capetian House of Évreux. Charles II ( October 10[[ 332]] Évreux, &ndash January 1, 1387, Pamplona) called "Charles the Bad" was Philip III ( 27 March 1306 &ndash 16 September 1343) Count of Évreux (1319 &ndash 1343 and King of Navarre (1328 &ndash The House of Évreux was a noble French family a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, which flourished from the beginning of the 14th century to the mid 15th century Mother and son both claimed on several occasions the throne of France, and later the Duchy of Burgundy.

Of the daughters of Philip V and Joan of Burgundy, only the elder two proved significant. Joanna, Countess of Burgundy (1308–1349), married Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy (1295–1350), uniting the Duchy and County of Burgundy. Joan of Burgundy ( 2 May[[ 308]] &ndash 1349 also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne or Jeanne de France was the eldest daughter of King Philip V of France and Eudes IV (1295 &ndash 3 April 1350) was Duke of Burgundy from 1315 until his death and Count of Burgundy and Artois between 1330 Her line became extinct with the death of her sole grandchild, Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (1346-1361), whose death also served to break the union between the Burgundys once more. Philip I of Burgundy, also Philip II of Palatine Burgundy, Philip II of Boulogne, Philip III of Artois, Philip III of Boulogne, nicknamed Her sister, Margaret (1310–1382), married Louis I, Count of Flanders (1304–1346), and inherited the County of Burgundy after the death of Philip I; their granddaughter and heiress, Margaret of Dampierre (1350–1405), married the son of John II of France (1319–1364), Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404), uniting the two domains once more. Marguerite de France (1310 &ndash 9 May 1382) was a medieval noblewoman reigning Countess Palatine of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté) and Countess Louis I (1304 &ndash August 26, 1346, ruled 1322&ndash1346 was Count of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel. counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries Margaret of Dampierre ( 13 April 1350 &ndash 16/ 21 March 1405) was Countess of Flanders (as Margaret III) Countess John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Philip the Bold (Philippe le Hardi also Philip II Duke of Burgundy ( January 15, 1342, Pontoise &ndash April 27, 1404

Of Charles IV's children, only Blanche (1328–1392) – the youngest, the baby whose birth marked the end of the House of Capet – survived childhood. She married Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans (1336–1376), the son of Philip VI, but they produced no children. Philip of Valois (born July 1, 1336 at Vincennes - died September 1, 1376 at Orléans) Duke of Orléans, of With her death in 1392, the House of Capet finally came to an end.

List of Direct Capetian kings of France

• 987–996, Hugh Capet (Hugues Capet), Count of Paris, crowned King of France
• 996–1031, Robert II, the Pious (Robert II le Pieux)
• 1031–1060, Henry I (Henri Ier)
• 1060–1108, Philip I (Philippe Ier)
• 1108–1137, Louis VI, the Fat (Louis VI le Gros)
• 1137–1180, Louis VII, the Young (Louis VII le Jeune)
• 1180–1223, Philip II Augustus, the God-Given (Philippe II Auguste Dieudonné)
• 1223–1226, Louis VIII, the Lion (Louis VIII le Lion)
• 1226–1270, Louis IX, the Saint, ("Saint Louis") (Louis IX le Saint, Saint Louis)
• 1270–1285, Philip III, the Bold (Philippe III le Hardi)
• 1285–1314, Philip IV, the Fair (Philippe IV le Bel)
• 1314–1316, Louis X, the Quarrelsome (Louis X le Hutin)
• 1316–1316, John I, the Posthumus (Jean Ier le Posthume)
• 1316–1322, Philip V, the Tall (Philippe V le Long)
• 1322–1328, Charles IV, the Fair (Charles IV le Bel)

Sources

Lines of Succession, by Michael Maclagan and Jiri Louda

See also

• List of French monarchs
• Kings of France family tree
• France in the Middle Ages
• Capetian Dynasty

External links

• Genealogies of the Capetian dynasty from Genealogy.eu