A ranch style house in Salinas, California

A suburban style house in Sacramento, California

House generally refers to a shelter or building that is single family detached dwelling or place for habitation by human beings. Salinas is the County seat and largest municipality of Monterey County in the U "Homes" on the other hand include many kinds of dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to high-rise apartment buildings. ^[1] However, the word can also be used as a verb ("to house"), and can have adjectival formations as well. In some contexts, "house" may mean the same as dwelling, residence, home, abode, accommodation, housing, lodging, among other meanings. "Habitation" redirects here For Habitation at Port-Royal see Habitation at Port-Royal. A home is a place of Residence or Refuge. It is usually a place where an individual or a family can rest in and be able to store Personal property. Lodging or a holiday accommodation is a type of residential Accommodation. A house is where some people live (most).

The social unit that lives in a house is known as a household. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many Social, Microeconomic and Government models Most commonly, a household is a family unit of some kind, though households can be other social groups, such as single persons, or groups of unrelated individuals. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many Social, Microeconomic and Government models Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Settled agrarian and industrial societies are composed of household units living permanently in housing of various types, according to a variety of forms of Land tenure. Land tenure is the name given particularly in Common law systems to the legal regime in which land is owned by an individual who is said to "hold" the land English-speaking people generally call any building they routinely occupy "home". In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A home is a place of Residence or Refuge. It is usually a place where an individual or a family can rest in and be able to store Personal property. Many people leave their house during the day for work and recreation but typically return to it to sleep or for other activities. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. Sleep is a Natural state of bodily rest observed throughout the animal kingdom

History

The oldest house in the world is approximately from 10,000B. C. and was made of mammoth bones, found at Mezhirich near Kiev in Ukraine. Mezhyrich (Межиріч also referred to as Mezhirich) is a Village ( selo) in central Ukraine. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. It was probably covered with mammoth hides. The house was discovered in 1965 by a farmer digging a new basement six feet below the ground. ^[2]

Architect Norbert Schoenauer, in his book 6,000 Years of Housing, identifies three major categories of types of housing: the "Pre-Urban" house, the "Oriental Urban" house, and the "Occidental Urban" house.

Types of Pre-Urban houses include temporary dwellings such as the Inuit igloo, semi-permanent dwellings such as the pueblo, and permanent dwellings such as the New England homestead. An igloo ( Inuit language: iglu, Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᒡᓗ "house" plural iglooit or igluit, but in English Pueblos are traditional communities of Native Americans in the southwestern United States of America. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the

"Oriental Urban" houses include houses of the ancient Greeks and Romans, and traditional urban houses in China, India, and Islamic cities. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

"Occidental Urban" houses include medieval urban houses, the Renaissance town house, and the houses, tenements and apartments of the 19th and 20th centuries. ^[1]

Types

See also: List of house types

Structure

A suburban neighborhood in San Jose, California. Residential dwellings can be built in a large variety of configurations

The developed world in general features three basic types of house that have their own ground-level entry and private open space, and usually on a separately titled parcel of land:

• Single-family detached houses - free-standing on all sides. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors
• Semi-detached houses (duplexes) - houses that are attached, usually to only one other house via a party wall. Semi-Detached (1998 was Therapy? 's last album for A&M Records. Party wall (or parti-wall is a dividing partition between two adjoining buildings (or units that is shared by the Tenants of each residence or business
• Terraced house (UK) also known as a row house or townhouse - attached to other houses, possibly in a row, each separated by a party wall. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses Party wall (or parti-wall is a dividing partition between two adjoining buildings (or units that is shared by the Tenants of each residence or business

In addition, there are various forms of attached housing where a number of dwelling units are co-located within the same structure, which share a ground-level entry and may or may not have any private open space, such as apartments (a. k. a. flats) of various scales. Another type of housing is movable, such as houseboats, caravans, and trailer homes. A houseboat is a Boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a Human Dwelling. A travel trailer or caravan is a trailer towed behind a road Vehicle to provide a place to sleep which is more comfortable and protected than a Mobile homes or static caravans are prefabricated homes built in factories rather than on site and then taken to the place where they will be occupied

In the United Kingdom, 27% of the population live in terraced houses and 32% in semi-detached houses, as of 2002. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. In the United States as of 2000, 61. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 4% of people live in detached houses and 5. 6% in semi-detached houses, 26% in row houses or apartments, and 7% in mobile homes. Mobile homes or static caravans are prefabricated homes built in factories rather than on site and then taken to the place where they will be occupied

Shape

Archaeologists have a particular interest in house shape: they see the transition over time from round huts to rectangular houses as a significant advance in optimizing the use of space, and associate it with the growth of the idea of a personal area (see personal space). Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Personal space, an updated form of Edward T Hall 's 1966 Proxemics, is the region surrounding each person or that area which a person considers their domain or territory

Function

A Nalukettu traditional Kerala house in India

Some houses transcend the basic functionality of providing "a roof over one's head" or of serving as a family "hearth and home". Nālukettu is the traditional homestead of old Tharavadu where many generations of a matrilineal family lived Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country In common historic and modern usage a hearth (Har-th is a Brick - or stone -lined Fireplace or Oven used for Cooking and/or Heating When a house becomes a display-case for wealth and/or fashion and/or conspicuous consumption, we may speak of a "great house". Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Conspicuous consumption is a term used to describe the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying Income or Wealth. For the architecture of great houses see Mansion. For the great house masonry pueblos see Chaco Culture National Historical Park. The residence of a feudal lord or of a ruler may require defensive structures and thus turn into a fort or a castle. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The house of a monarch may come to house courtiers and officers as well as the royal family: this sort of house may become a palace. A courtier is a person who attends the court of a Monarch or other powerful person. In the United Kingdom, the Great Officers of State are traditional Crown ministers who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure. Moreover, in time the lord or monarch may wish to retreat to a more personal or simple space such as a villa, a hunting lodge or a dacha. A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Dacha ( is a Russian word for seasonal or year-round second homes located in the Exurbs of Soviet and Russian cities Compare the popularity of the holiday house or cottage, also known as a crib. Holiday House Inc, is a publishing house founded in 1935 in New York City, specializing in Children's literature. In modern usage a cottage is a dwelling typically in a rural or semi-rural location (although there are cottage-style dwellings in cities

In contrast to a relatively upper class or modern trend to ownership of multiple houses, much of human history shows the importance of multi-purpose houses. Thus the house long served as the traditional place of work (the original cottage industry site or "in-house" small-scale manufacturing workshop) or of commerce (featuring, for example, a ground floor "shop-front" shop or counter or office, with living space above). The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work It was also known as the workshop system. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale A workshop is a room or Building which provides both the area and Tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer In Digital logic and Computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays the number of times a particular event or process An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an Organization with specific duties attached During the Industrial Revolution there was a separation of manufacturing and banking from the house, though to this day some shopkeepers continue (or have returned) to live "over the shop". The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the A shopkeeper is an individual who owns a shop. Generally shop employees are not shopkeepers but are often incorrectly referred to as shopkeepers

Inside the house

Parts

Floor plan of a "foursquare" house

Many houses have several rooms with specialized functions. A floor plan ( floorplan) in Architecture and Building engineering is a Diagram, usually to scale, of the relationships between rooms These may include a living/eating area, a sleeping area, and (if suitable facilities and services exist) washing and lavatory areas. A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger livestock (like cattle) often share part of the house with human beings. Most conventional modern houses will at least contain a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen (or kitchen area), and a living room. A bedroom is a large Room where people usually sleep for the night and/or for relaxation during the day A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context For the Banana Yashimoto novel see Kitchen (novel A kitchen, is a room or part of a room (sometimes called "kitchen A living room, also known as sitting room, lounge room or lounge (in the United Kingdom and Australia) is a room for entertaining A typical "foursquare house" (as pictured) occurred commonly in the early history of the United States of America, with a staircase in the center of the house, surrounded by four rooms, and connected to other sections of the house (including in more recent eras a garage). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A residential garage is part of a home or an associated building designed or used for storing a vehicle or vehicles

The names of parts of a house often echo the names of parts of other buildings, but could typically include:

See also: Room (architecture)

Layout

House in Brazil. In modern Architecture, an atrium (plural atria is a large open space often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows often situated within an An attic is a space found directly below the pitched Roof of a house or other building (also called garret, Loft or Alcove (through the Spanish alcova, from the Arabic al-, the and quobbah, a vault is an architectural term for a recess in a room usually A basement is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the Ground floor. A basement is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the Ground floor. A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context A bath (bɑθ bathtub ( AmE) or Tub ( informal) is a Plumbing fixture used for Bathing. A shower (also called shower bath is a booth for washing usually in a Bathroom, having an overhead nozzle that sprays water down on the body A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. A bedroom is a large Room where people usually sleep for the night and/or for relaxation during the day A nursery is usually in American connotations a Bedroom within a House or other dwelling set aside for an Infant or Toddler A conservatory is a Glass and Metal structure traditionally found in the Garden of a large house A dining room is a room for consuming food In modern times it is usually adjacent to the Kitchen for convenience in serving although in Medieval times A family room is an informal all-purpose room in a House similar to a Living room. A fireplace is an architectural element consisting of a space designed to contain a Fire, generally for Heating but sometimes also for Cooking A foyer is a safe, large and vast Room or complex of rooms in a Theatre, Opera, Concert hall, Showroom, cinema A living room, also known as sitting room, lounge room or lounge (in the United Kingdom and Australia) is a room for entertaining A residential garage is part of a home or an associated building designed or used for storing a vehicle or vehicles Several things are commonly known as Halls or halls. For the development of meaning of the word 'hall' see Hall (concept. In common historic and modern usage a hearth (Har-th is a Brick - or stone -lined Fireplace or Oven used for Cooking and/or Heating For the Banana Yashimoto novel see Kitchen (novel A kitchen, is a room or part of a room (sometimes called "kitchen A larder is a cool area for storing Food prior to useLarders were commonplace in houses before the widespread use of the Refrigerator. A laundry room (also called a Utility room) is a room where Clothes are washed A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution A living room, also known as sitting room, lounge room or lounge (in the United Kingdom and Australia) is a room for entertaining DEN may refer to The country The IATA code for Denver International Airport (also the former IATA code of Stapleton International Airport An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an Organization with specific duties attached A study is a room in a House which is used for paperwork Computer work or reading. A pantry is a room where Food, provisions or dishes are stored and served in an ancillary capacity to the Kitchen. Parlour (or parlor) from the French word parloir, from parler ("to speak" denotes an "audience chamber" recreation room (also known as a rec room or rumpus room) is a room used for a variety of purposes such as parties games and other everyday or casual recreation room (also known as a rec room or rumpus room) is a room used for a variety of purposes such as parties games and other everyday or casual Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used A sunroom is a Structure which is constructed onto the side of a House, usually to allow enjoyment of the surrounding Landscape while being sheltered from A workshop is a room or Building which provides both the area and Tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair A room, in Architecture, is any distinguishable space within a structure |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet the needs of the people who will live in the house. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Such designing, known as "interior design", has become a popular subject in universities. Interior design is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls windows doors finishes textures light furnishings and furniture Feng shui, originally a Chinese method of situating houses according to such factors as sunlight and micro-climates, has recently expanded its scope to address the design of interior spaces with a view to promoting harmonious effects on the people living inside the house. Feng shui ( ˈfəŋˌʃueɪ fehng-shway in English is an ancient Chinese system of Aesthetics believed to utilize the Laws of both heaven (astronomy and earth (geography Feng shui can also mean the 'aura' in or around a dwelling. Compare the real-estate sales concept of "indoor-outdoor flow". Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom

The square footage of a house in the United States reports the area of "living space", excluding the garage and other non-living spaces. The square foot is an Imperial unit / US customary unit (non- SI non- metric) of Area, used mainly in the United States The "square meters" figure of a house in Europe reports the area of the walls enclosing the home, and thus includes any attached garage and non-living spaces.

Construction

The structure of the house (under demolition). This house is constructred from bricks and wood and was later covered by insulating panels. The roof construction is also seen.

In the United States, modern house-construction techniques include light-frame construction (in areas with access to supplies of wood) and adobe or sometimes rammed-earth construction (in arid regions with scarce wood-resources). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Framing, in construction known as light frame construction, is a building technique based around structural members usually called studs, which provide a stable Adobe bricks are a Natural building material made from Sand, Clay, water and some kind of fibrous or Organic material ( Sticks, Rammed earth, also known as cob, pisé de terre or simply pisé, is a type of construction material Some areas use brick almost exclusively, and quarried stone has long provided walling. A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere To some extent, aluminum and steel have displaced some traditional building materials. Increasingly popular alternative construction materials include insulating concrete forms (foam forms filled with concrete), structural insulated panels (foam panels faced with oriented strand board or fiber cement), and light-gauge steel framing and heavy-gauge steel framing. Insulating Concrete Forms ( ICFs) are stay-in-place Formwork for energy-efficient cast-in-place reinforced-concrete walls Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag

More generally, people often build houses out of the nearest available material, and often tradition and/or culture govern construction-materials, so whole towns, areas, counties or even states/countries may be built out of one main type of material. For example, a large fraction of American houses use wood, while most British and many European houses utilize stone or brick.

In the 1900s, some house designers started using prefabrication. Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a Structure in a Factory or other Manufacturing site and Transporting complete Sears, Roebuck & Co. first marketed their Houses by Mail to the general public in 1908. Prefab techniques became popular after World War II. First small inside rooms framing, then later, whole walls were prefabricated and carried to the construction site. The original impetus was to use the labor force inside a shelter during inclement weather. More recently builders have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use computers and finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel-framed homes with known resistance to high wind-loads and seismic forces. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer These newer products provide labor savings, more consistent quality, and possibly accelerated construction processes.

Lesser-used construction methods have gained (or regained) popularity in recent years. Though not in wide use, these methods frequently appeal to homeowners who may become actively involved in the construction process. They include:

• Cannabrick construction
• cordwood construction
• straw-bale construction
• geodesic domes
• wattle and daub
• moladi

Thermographic comparison of traditional (left) and 'passivhaus' (right) buildings

Energy-efficiency

In the developed world, energy-conservation has grown in importance in house-design. Cannabrick construction is Construction using the woody inner core from the cannabis plant. Cordwood construction (also called " cordwood masonry," " stackwall construction " or " stackwood construction " is a term used “Straw bale construction is at once an American invention and a sustainable answer to housing needs on and off the reservation A geodesic dome is an almost spherical shell structure based on a network of Great circles ( Geodesics lying approximately on the surface of a Sphere Wattle and daub (or wattle-and-daub) is a Building material used for making walls in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed Moladi is a South African construction company specialising in technology for producing Low cost housing, mainly intended for Third world The term passive house ( Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous voluntary Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used Housing produces a major proportion of carbon emissions (30% of the total in the UK, for example). Greenhouse gases are gaseous constituents of the atmosphere bothnatural and anthropogenic that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared Domestic Housing in the United Kingdom presents one of the major opportunities for achieving the 20% overall cut in UK Carbon dioxide emissions targeted by the Government

Development of a number of low-energy building types and techniques continues. They include the zero-energy house, the passive solar house, superinsulated and houses built to the Passivhaus standard. A zero energy building ( ZEB) or net zero energy building is a general term applied to a Building with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year Passive solar buildings aim to maintain interior Thermal comfort throughout the sun's daily and annual cycles whilst reducing the requirement for active heating and cooling Superinsulation is an approach to building design construction and retrofitting The term passive house ( Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous voluntary Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings

Legal issues

Buildings with historical importance have restrictions.

United Kingdom

New houses in the UK are not covered by the Sale of Goods Act. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is a British Act of Parliament ( 1979, ch 54 which regulates Contracts in which goods are sold and bought When purchasing a new house the buyer has less legal protection than when buying a new car. New houses in the UK may be covered by a NHBC guarantee but some people feel that it would be more useful to put new houses on the same legal footing as other products. The National House Building Council (NHBC was originally set up as the National House Builders Registration Council (NHBRC in the United Kingdom in 1936

USA & Canada

In the US and Canada, many new houses are built in housing tracts, which provide homeowners a sense of "belonging" and the feeling they have "made the best use" of their money. Tract housing (also known as cookie-cutter housing) is a style of housing development in which multiple identical or nearly-identical homes are built to create a community However, these houses are often built as cheaply and quickly as possible by large builders seeking to maximize profits. Many environmental health issues are ignored or minimized in the construction of these structures. In one case in Benicia, California, a housing tract was built over an old landfill. Benicia is a waterside city in Solano County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Homebuyers were never told, and only found out when some began having reactions to high levels of lead and chromium. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Chromium (ˈkroʊmiəm is a Chemical element which has the symbol Cr and Atomic number 24

Identifying houses

With the growth of dense settlement, humans designed ways of identifying houses and/or parcels of land. Individual houses sometimes acquire proper names; and those names may acquire in their turn considerable emotional connotations: see for example the house of Howards End or the castle of Brideshead Revisited. "A proper name a word that answers the purpose of showing what thing it is that we are talking about" writes John Stuart Mill in A System of Logic Howards End is a Novel by E M Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England Brideshead Revisited The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a Novel by the English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945 A more systematic and general approach to identifying houses may use various methods of house numbering. House numbering is the system of giving a unique Number to each Building in a Street or Area, with the intention of making it easier to locate

Animal houses

Humans often build "houses" for domestic or wild animals, often resembling smaller versions of human domiciles. Familiar animal houses built by humans include bird-houses, hen-houses/chicken-coops and doghouses (kennels); while housed agricultural animals more often live in barns and stables. A nest box (or nestbox also called birdhouse) is a man-made box provided for animals to Nest in A chicken coop is a building where Chickens are kept on a Farm or homestead. A doghouse, known in British English as a kennel, is a small Shed commonly built in the shape of a little House intended for a dog This article concerns shelter for Dogs For the missile with the code name "kennel" see AS-1 Kennel A kennel is the name A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace A stable is a Building in which Livestock, especially Horses are kept However, human interest in building houses for animals does not stop at the domestic pet. A pet is an Animal kept for companionship and enjoyment or a househeld animal as opposed to Livestock, Laboratory animals Working animals People build bat-houses, nesting-sites for wild ducks and other birds, as well as for many other animals.

Shelter

Forms of (relatively) simple shelter may include:

Houses and symbolism

Houses may express the circumstances or opinions of their builders or their inhabitants. A bus stop is a designated place where a Public transport Bus stops for the purpose of allowing passengers to board or leave a bus CHALET is a mnemonic indicating a protocol used by Emergency services to report situations which they may be faced with especially as it relates to major incidents In modern usage a cottage is a dwelling typically in a rural or semi-rural location (although there are cottage-style dwellings in cities A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pithouse Pit-house, earth-house, mud hut, is a shelter for humans or domestic animals based on a hole A gazebo is a pavilion structure, often octagonal commonly found in Parks Gardens and spacious Public areas Gazebos are freestanding or A hangar is an enclosed structure to hold Aircraft in protective storage A houseboat is a Boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a Human Dwelling. A Hut is a small and crude shelter usually used for Dwelling. A lean-to is term used for two similar yet different types of building A log cabin is a small house built from logs It is a fairly simple type of Log house. A shack is a type of small House that is in disrepair The word may derive from the Nahuatl (Aztec word xacalli or "adobe house" by way of A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over or attached to a frame of poles or attached to a supporting rope Description The term "camp" comes from the Latin word campus, meaning field This article is about artificial caves used as Dwellings, especially those in north China called yaodongs, as A travel trailer or caravan is a trailer towed behind a road Vehicle to provide a place to sleep which is more comfortable and protected than a "Parasol" redirects here For other uses see Umbrella (disambiguation, Umbrella (song or Parasol (disambiguation Thus a vast and elaborate house may serve as a sign of conspicuous wealth, whereas a low-profile house built of recycled materials may indicate support of energy conservation.

Houses of particular historical significance (former residences of the famous, for example, or even just very old houses) may gain a protected status in town planning as examples of built heritage and/or of streetscape values. Cultural heritage ("national heritage" or just "heritage" is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or Society Plaques may mark such structures. A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing

House-ownership (home-ownership) provides a common measure of prosperity in economics. An owner-occupier is a person who lives in a House that he or she owns Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Contrast the importance of house-destruction, tent dwelling and house rebuilding in the wake of many natural disasters. A natural disaster is the consequence of a Natural hazard (eg

Peter Olshavsky’s House for the Dance of Death provides a 'pataphysical variation on the house. 'Pataphysics ( French: 'Pataphysique) a term coined by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873 – 1907 is a

Heraldry

The house occurs as a rare charge in heraldry. In Heraldry and Vexillology, a charge is an image occupying the field on an escutcheon (or shield Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms.

See also

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Schoenauer, Norbert (2000). Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of using earth against building walls for external Thermal mass, to reduce heat loss and to easily maintain The United States housing bubble is an Economic bubble in many parts of the United States housing market including areas of California, A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development In 1978 the US Department of Housing and Urban Development 's (HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R established HUD USER an information source for housing and community Housing in Japan includes modern and traditional styles Two patterns of residences are predominant in contemporary A housewarming party is a Party held on the occasion of moving into a new purchased residence. Tornadoes, Cyclones, and other strong winds damage or destroy many buildings The Lustron houses were prefabricated steel houses developed in the post- World War II era United States in response to the shortage of Houses for returning Lodging or a holiday accommodation is a type of residential Accommodation. Mixed-use development is the practice of allowing more than one type of use in a building or set of buildings Mobile homes or static caravans are prefabricated homes built in factories rather than on site and then taken to the place where they will be occupied Modular homes are Houses that are divided into multiple modules or sections which are manufactured in a remote facility and then delivered to their intended site of use Moladi is a South African construction company specialising in technology for producing Low cost housing, mainly intended for Third world The Regulatory Barriers Clearinghouse (RBC collects processes assembles and disseminates information on existing barriers that inhibit the production and conservation of Affordable Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a Structure in a Factory or other Manufacturing site and Transporting complete Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use Mobile homes or static caravans are prefabricated homes built in factories rather than on site and then taken to the place where they will be occupied Vernacular Architecture is a term used to categorize methods of Construction which use locally available resources to address local needs Visitability is an international movement to change home construction practices so that virtually all new homes whether or not designated for residents who currently have Mobility Residential dwellings can be built in a large variety of configurations The term "house style" also means the body of conventions followed by a publisher This is a selected list of types of lodging. Items on this list should be types of Lodging, however loosely defined This aims to be a complete list of the articles on Real estate. Arlington House (the Custis-Lee Mansion: the home of Robert E 6,000 Years of Housing (rev. ed. ) (New York: W. W. Norton & Company).
2. ^ Gregorovich, Andrew (1994), "Ancient Inventions of Ukraine", <http://www.infoukes.com/history/inventions/> 

External links

• United States Department of Housing and Urban Development site
• American Home Builders
• Glasgow Housing Information