Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin, meaning "lord". The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages
The rulers of Wallachia and Moldavia (only occasionally joined) were styled hospodars in Slavic writings from the 15th century to 1866. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Hospodar was used in addition to the title voivod. A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force When writing in Romanian, the term Domn (from the Latin dominus) was used. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Dominus is the Latin word for master or Owner. As a Title of Sovereignty the term under the Roman Republic had all the
At the end of this period, as the title had been held by many vassals of the Ottoman Sultan, its retention was considered inconsistent with the independence of the Danubian Principalities' (formalized from Romania only in 1878 — replacing the tributary status). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A tribute (from Latin tribulum, contribution is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or as was often case in historical contexts of submission Hospodar was therefore discarded in favour of domnitor or, in short, domn, which continued to be the official princely title up to the proclamation of a Kingdom of Romania in 1881 (which did not include Transylvania until 1918). Domnitor (pl domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian
Etymology and Slavic usage
Gospodar (Bulgarian: господар, Serbian: господар) is a derivative of gospod, lord, (spelled with capital G, Gospod, it means Lord, God). Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language,
The pronunciation as hospodar of a word written gospodar in all but one of the Slavonic languages which retain the Cyrillic alphabet is not, as is sometimes alleged, due to the influence of Ukrainian, but to that of Church Slavonic — in both of these, g is frequently pronounced h. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox
In Ukrainian, the title is especially applied to the master of a house or the head of a family. The word gospodar still covers the first of these two meanings in Romanian.
The title was used briefly towards the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Second Bulgarian Empire ( Bulgarian: Второ българско царство Vtorо Balgarskо Tsartsvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state In 1394-95, Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria referred to himself not as a Tsar (as traditionally), but as a gospodin of Tarnovo, and in foreign sources was styled herzog or merely called an "infidel bey". Ivan Shishman (Иван Шишман ruled as emperor ( Tsar) of Bulgaria in Tarnovo 1371-1395 Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново sometimes transliterated as Veliko Turnovo) is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Herzog is a German title of nobility, equivalent to Latin dux, English Duke, Danish hertug, Afrikaans Hertog, Dutch Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups This was possibly to indicate vassalage to Bayezid I or the yielding of the imperial title to Ivan Sratsimir. Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" Ivan Sratsimir or Ivan Stratsimir (Иван Срацимир was emperor ( Tsar) of Bulgaria in Vidin from 1356 to 1397 [1]
In Serbian, Croatian and Bulgarian, gospodar (господар) means a "master", "lord", or "sovereign lord". Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Other derivatives of the word include the Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, and Croatian gospodin (господин, "Mister"), Russian gospod` (господь, "the Lord"[2]), the Polish gospód ("lord", "master"), the Czech hospod. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the All forms stem from the Proto-Slavic word gospodü (господъ). Proto-Slavic is the Proto-language from which Slavic languages later emerged Russian word gosudar, which means "sovereign"
See also
References
- ^ Павлов, Пламен (2006-07-18). A Gold Sovereign is a Gold coin first issued in 1489 for Henry VII of England and still in production as of 2008 A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862 when it united This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks ( Greek:Φαναριώτες Romanian: Fanarioţi, Bulgarian:Фанариоти Цар Константин II Асен (1397-1422) - последният владетел на средновековна България (in Bulgarian). LiterNet. Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
- ^ used only for God
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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