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Hornblende

Amphibole Hornblende
General
Category igneous
Chemical formula Ca2(Mg, Fe, Al)5 (Al, Si)8O22(OH)2
Identification
Color black/dark green
Crystal habit hexagonal/granular
Crystal system monoclinic
Cleavage imperfect at 56 and 124 degrees
Fracture uneven
Mohs Scale hardness 5-6
Luster vitreous to dull
Streak brown-grey
Specific gravity 2. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes In Mineralogy, shape and size give rise to descriptive terms applied to the typical appearance or habit of Crystals The many terms used by mineralogists A crystal system is a category of Space groups which characterize Symmetry of structures in three dimensions with Translational symmetry in three directions Cleavage, in Mineralogy, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite planes creating smooth surfaces of which there are several named types In the field of Mineralogy, fracture is a term used to describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a Mineral is broken The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various Minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material Lustre (or luster) is a description of the way light interacts with the surface of a Crystal, rock, or Mineral. The streak (also called powder color) of a Mineral is the Color of the powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the Density of a given solid or liquid substance to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure typically 9

Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals. The silicate minerals make up the largest and most important class of rock-forming Minerals They are classified based on the structure of their silicate Ion group A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Hornblende is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole. Amphibole (pronounced amfi-bowl defines an important group of generally dark-colored rock-forming inosilicate Minerals composed of double chain SiO4 It is an isomorphous mixture of three molecules; a calcium-iron-magnesium silicate, an aluminium-iron-magnesium silicate, and an iron-magnesium silicate. In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 WikipediaNaming Manganese, titanium and sodium are sometimes present. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Fluorine often substitutes for the hydroxyl in the structure. Fluorine, fluorum meaning "to flow" is the Chemical element with the symbol F and Atomic number 9 Hydroxyl in Chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an Oxygen atom and a Hydrogen atom connected by a Covalent bond. The general formula can be given as (Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH,F)2. Hornblende has a hardness of 5–6, a specific gravity of 2. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various Minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the Density of a given solid or liquid substance to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure typically 9–3. 4 and is typically an opaque green, greenish-brown, brown or black color. Its cleavage angles are at 56 and 124 degrees. Cleavage, in Mineralogy, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite planes creating smooth surfaces of which there are several named types It is most often confused with the minerals augite and biotite mica, both of which are black and can be found in granite and in charnockite. Augite is a single chain inosilicate Mineral described chemically as (CaMgFeSiO3 or Calcium Magnesium Iron Biotite is a common phyllosilicate Mineral within the Mica group with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg Fe3AlSi3O10(F Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. (1 Charnockite (ˈtʃɑrnəkaɪt is applied to any orthopyroxene-bearing granite composed mainly of Quartz, Perthite or antiperthite and Orthopyroxene

Hornblende is a common constituent of many igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, syenite, diorite, gabbro basalt, andesite, gneiss, and schist. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type the protolith, in a process called Metamorphism, which means "change Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive Igneous rock of the same general composition as Granite but with the Quartz either absent or present in relatively Diorite (ˈdaɪəraɪt is a grey to dark grey intermediate intrusive Igneous rock composed principally of Plagioclase Feldspar (typically Gabbro (ˈɡæbrəʊ is a dark coarse-grained intrusive Igneous rock chemically equivalent to Basalt. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. For the extinct cephalopod genus see Andesites. Andesite (ˈændəsaɪt is an igneous, Volcanic rock, of intermediate Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally The schists form a group of medium-grade Metamorphic rocks chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar Minerals such as Micas chlorite It is the principal mineral of amphibolites. Amphibolite (æmˈfɪbəlaɪt is the name given to a rock consisting mainly of hornblende Amphibole, the use of the term being restricted however to Metamorphic Very dark brown to black hornblendes that contain titanium are ordinarily called basaltic hornblende, from the fact that they are usually a constituent of basalt and related rocks. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. Hornblende alters easily to chlorite and epidote. The chlorites are a group of phyllosilicate Minerals Chlorites can be described by the following four endmembers based on their chemistry via substitution Epidote is a Calcium Aluminium Iron sorosilicate Mineral, Ca2Al2(Fe3+Al(SiO4(Si2O7O(OH A variety of hornblende that contains less than 5% of iron oxides is gray to white in color and named edenite, from its locality in Edenville, New York. Altogether there are sixteen known Iron Oxides and oxyhydroxides New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Other minerals in the hornblende series include: pargasite, hastingsite and tschermakite. The endmember Hornblende Tschermakite Ca 2(

The word hornblende is derived from the German horn and blenden, to 'blind' or 'dazzle'. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The term blende is often used to refer to a brilliant non-metallic lustre, for example, zincblende and pitchblende, a lustrous form of uraninite. Lustre (or luster) is a description of the way light interacts with the surface of a Crystal, rock, or Mineral. Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30

See also

References

Dictionary

hornblende

-noun

  1. A green to black amphibole mineral, of complex structure, formed in the late stages of cooling in igneous rock.
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