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Horia Sima
Horia Sima

Horia Sima (July 3, 1907—May 25, 1993) was a Romanian fascist politician. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology After 1938, he was the second and last leader of the fascist and antisemitic para-military movement known as the Iron Guard. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility The Iron Guard is the name most commonly given in English to a Far-right ultra- nationalist Antisemitic, fascist movement and political party

Contents

In Romania

Sima was born near Făgăraş, in Transylvania (part of Austria-Hungary at the time). Făgăraş (Fogarasch Fogaras is a city in central Romania, located in Braşov County. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Between 1926 and 1932, Horia Sima was a student at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the University of Bucharest. The University of Bucharest (Universitatea din Bucureşti in Romania, is a University founded in 1864 by Decree of Prince Alexander John Cuza After this, he started to work as a local high-school teacher of logic and philosophy. Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language In October 1927 he entered the newly-formed Iron Guard and became responsible for the Banat area. The Iron Guard is the name most commonly given in English to a Far-right ultra- nationalist Antisemitic, fascist movement and political party The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties

Sima became commander of the Legion after the founder and leader of the Iron Guard, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, was imprisoned. Tension built up following a series of assassinations of Iron Guard members, including Codreanu (who was killed in prison), in late November 1938. In early 1939, Sima was able to flee to Germany trough Yugoslavia. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija In the summer of the same year, he was sent back in order to prepare and conduct the assassination of the Romanian Prime-Minister, Armand Călinescu, on September 21, 1939. Armand Călinescu ( &ndash September 21, 1939) was a Romanian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister between March 1939 and the Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On July 4, 1940, he joined the cabinet of Ion Gigurtu as Minister of Religion and Arts, alongside two other Iron Guard members, but resigned four days later. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ion Gigurtu (1886 Turnu Severin -1959 was a Romanian politician who served a brief term as Prime Minister of Romania in 1940 (from 4 July to

In September 1940, King Carol II abdicated and the Iron Guard entered a tense alliance with the general Ion Antonescu (the National Legionary State). Carol II of Romania ( 15 October / 16 October 1893 &ndash 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from June 8 "Antonescu" redirects here For other persons with that surname see Antonescu (surname. The National Legionary State (Statul Naţional Legionar was the Romanian government of September 6, 1940 — January 23, 1941. At that point Sima was able to return from exile as vice-premier in the government and Commander of the Legionary nazist and para-military movement. The Romanian territorial cessions in the summer of 1940, secretly instrumented by his Nazi protectors, offered him the pretext for sparking a huge wave of xenophobic and antisemitic attitudes, based on Romanians' frustrations. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Xenophobia is an intense and/or irrational dislike and sometimes fear of people from other countries Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility As a member of the government, Sima initiated a series of brutal pogroms, assassinations and de-possessions among Jews and competing politicians. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory

In January 1941, during the Legionnaires Rebellion, Antonescu made Adolf Hitler choose between the military wing of the Romanian government and the Iron Guard. The Legionnaires' rebellion and the Bucharest pogrom occurred in Bucharest, Romania, between the 21 January and 23 January, 1941. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately When Hitler decided to back him over the Guard, Antonescu proceeded to the suppression of the Legion from the government.

Exile

With the tacit agreement from Antonescu due to Hitler's influence, Sima was able to leave Romania for Germany, where he was imprisoned in a special, humane, section of the Buchenwald concentration camp, one meant for Iron Guard members. Buchenwald concentration camp (German Konzentrationslager or 'KZ' Buchenwald) was a Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg (Etter Mountain near Meanwhile, Romanian authorities sentenced him to death in absentia, in order to ensure his permanent exile. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. In absentia is Latin for "in the absence" In legal use it usually pertains to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings In 1942, once again he was able to escape and flee to Italy, but was soon extradited back to Germany on the orders of Galeazzo Ciano. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Gian Galeazzo Ciano Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari ( March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944) was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs

While interned, Sima was faced with the dissent of several groups of Legionnaires. These distanced themselves from Sima's policies, stating that they did not approve of the way in which he had run the country and the movement, and were starting to appeal to the German supervisers for distinctions to be made in their case. It was to be the beginning of a split which is still present in the political legacy of the Iron Guard.

When Romania changed sides in World War II, joining the Allies in August 1944, Sima was released and he ended up building a pro-Nazi puppet government in exile, in Vienna. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. As the Soviet offensive proved unstoppable, he fled to Alt-Aussee under the alias Josef Weber. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Living in Paris, in Italy, and finally in Francoist Spain, he was yet again sentenced to death in Romania in 1946. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. At the same time, his activities in Germany and Romania got him the attention of the Kriminalpolizei. is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the Police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland

During his time in exile, Sima attempted to form connections with the mainstream ideologies of Anti-Communism, insisting on the Guard's allegiance to the Free World. Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and For other uses of the word see Free world (disambiguation. The Free World is a Cold War -era term often applied to or used by non- The party oriented itself towards denunciations of the realities inside Communist Romania, but never achieved status as an important voice in the Romanian diaspora. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic

He died in Madrid and was buried alongside his wife Elvira Sima in Torredembarra (near Barcelona). Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia

Works

References

External links

The Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a Reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various Far right movements For the controversial British award-winning reporter and documentary film maker see Phil Rees. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (often abbreviated SWC) with headquarters in Los Angeles Noua Dreaptă (New Right is an ultra- nationalist organization in Romania, founded in 2000.
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