Horae in Meyers, 1888

In Greek mythology, the Horai, latinized Horae (Ώραι — literally translated as "the hours") were three goddesses controlling orderly life. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The ancient Greeks proposed many different ideas about primordial deities in their mythology, which would later be largely adapted by the In Greek mythology, the Titans ( Greek: Tītā́n; plural Tītânes) were a race of powerful Deities that ruled during the legendary The Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon ( Greek: Δωδεκάθεον The ancient Greeks had a large number of sea deities. The philosopher Plato once remarked that the Greek people were like frogs sitting around a pond -- their Chthonic (from Greek χθόνιος khthonios "of the earth" from khthōn "earth" pertaining to the Earth; earthy subterranean Asclepius (pronounced /æsˈkliːpiːəs/, Greek, transliterated Asklēpiós; Latin Aesculapius) is the god of Medicine In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are Nemesis (in Greek,) also called Rhamnousia/Rhamnusia ("the Goddess of Rhamnous " at her sanctuary at The Moirae or Moerae (in Greek – the " apportioners " often called the The Fates) in Greek mythology, were the white-robed In Greek mythology, Cratos ( English translation: "strength" was a son of Pallas and Styx, and he was the personification of strength This Zelos is the Greek personification For other uses see Zelos. In Greek mythology, Nike ( Greek Νίκη níːkɛː meaning Victory) was a Goddess who personified Triumph In Greek mythology, Metis (Μῆτις was of the Titan generation and like several primordial figures an Oceanid, in the sense that Metis was born of In Greek mythology, a Charis (Χάρις is one of several Charites (Χάριτες Greek: " Graces " goddesses of charm beauty In Greek mythology, the Oneiroi (Ὄνειροι were the brothers (According to Hesiod or sons (according to Ovid of Hypnos, the god of sleep In Greek mythology, Adrasteia ( Greek: Ἀδράστεια ( Ionic Greek: Ἀδρήστεια "inescapable" also spelled Adrastia In Greek mythology, Bia ( Ancient Greek: βία English translation: "Force" was the personification of force daughter of Pallas For other uses see Themis (disambiguation. In Greek mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis (Θέμις among the six sons and six daughters of Gaia Eris ( Greek Ἔρις, "Strife" is the Greek Goddess of strife her name being translated into Latin as Discordia In Greek mythology, Thanatos (in Ancient Greek, θάνατος &ndash " Death " was the Daemon personification In Greek mythology, Hypnos (Ὕπνος was the personification of sleep the Roman equivalent was known as Somnus. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance A goddess is a Female Deity. Many Cultures have goddesses Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities They were daughters of Zeus and Themis, half-sisters to the Moirae. Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology For other uses see Themis (disambiguation. In Greek mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis (Θέμις among the six sons and six daughters of Gaia The Moirae or Moerae (in Greek – the " apportioners " often called the The Fates) in Greek mythology, were the white-robed There were two generations of Horae: (note: this does not refer to generation in the traditional sense of the second group being offspring of the first; earlier writers recognized the first generation and later authors subscribed to the second. )

First Generation

The first generation consisted of Thallo, Auxo, and Carpo, who were the goddesses of the seasons (the Greeks only recognized spring, summer and autumn). Generation (from the Greek γενεά) also known as procreation, is the act of producing Offspring. Spring is one of the four Temperate Seasons Spring marks the transition from Winter into Summer. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer In art, the first generation were usually portrayed as young, attractive women surrounded by colorful flowers and abundant vegetation or other symbols of fertility. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Fertility is the natural capability of giving life As a measure "Fertility Rate" is the number of children born per couple person or population They were worshipped primarily amongst rural farmers throughout Greece.

Thallo (Θαλλώ literally translated as the one who brings blossoms) (or Thalatte) was the goddess of spring, buds and blooms, the bringer of flowers, and became a protector of youth.

Auxo (Αυξώ pronounced Afxo) or Auxesia is Greek for increaser (as in "plant growth"), and she was worshipped alongside Hegemone in Athens as one of their two Charites. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Hegemone was a Greek goddess of Plants, specifically making them bloom and bear fruit as they were supposed to Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's In Greek mythology, a Charis (Χάρις is one of several Charites (Χάριτες Greek: " Graces " goddesses of charm beauty

Carpo (Καρπώ), Carpho or Xarpo (translated as the one who brings food - though Robert Graves in his book The Greek Myths translates this name as "withering") was in charge of autumn, ripening, and harvesting, as well as guarding the way to Mount Olympus and letting back the clouds surrounding the mountain if one of the gods left. Robert Graves (24 July 1895 &ndash 7 December 1985 was an English Poet, Translator and Novelist. Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE French for "European IP Networks" is a forum open to all parties with an interest in the technical development of the Internet In Agriculture, the harvest is the process of Gathering mature crops from the fields Reaping is the cutting of Grain Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος also transliterated as Ólympos, and on Greek maps Óros Ólimbos) is the highest Mountain in Greece She was an attendant to Persephone, Aphrodite and Hera, and was also associated with Dionysus, Apollo and Pan. In Greek mythology, Persephone ( Kore or Cora) was the embodiment of the Earth's fertility at the same time that she was the Queen of the Underworld In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman Pan ( Greek, Genitive) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music paein means to pasture

Argive Horae

In Argos two Horae were recognised (presumably summer and winter): Damia (possibly another name for Carpo) and Auxesia. Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor In Greek mythology, the Horai, Latinized Horae (Ὧραι — literally translated as "the hours" were three Goddesses controlling orderly In late euhemerist interpretations, they were seen as Cretan maidens who were worshipped as goddesses after they had been wrongfully stoned to death. Euhemerus (Εὐήμερος (working late fourth century BC was a Greek mythographer at the court of Cassander, the king of Macedon.

Eirene with the infant Ploutos: Roman copy after Kephisodotos' votive statue, c. In Greek mythology, Ploutos ("wealth" Πλοῦτος usually Romanized as Plutus, was equally a son of the pre-Hellenic Cretan Demeter Cephisodotus or Kephisodotos (flourished about 400 BC - c 360 BC father of Praxiteles and grandfather of Cephisodotus the Younger. 370BCE, in the Agora, Athens

Second Generation

The second generation comprised Eunomia, Dike, and Eirene, who were law and order goddesses that maintained the stability of society. They were worshipped primarily in the cities of Athens, Argos and Olympia. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor Olympia ( Greek: Olympí'a or Olýmpia, older transliterations Olimpia, Olimbia) a sanctuary of ancient Greece

Dike (Δίκη - Greek for justice) was the goddess of moral justice. In ancient Greek culture, Dikē ( Greek: Δίκη English translation: "justice" was the spirit of moral order and fair judgement based on immemorial Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly She ruled over human justice; her mother (Themis) ruled over divine justice. For other uses see Themis (disambiguation. In Greek mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis (Θέμις among the six sons and six daughters of Gaia Dike was born a mortal and Zeus placed her on earth to keep mankind just. He quickly learned this was impossible and placed her next to him on Olympus.

Eunomia (Ευνομία - Greek for good order - governance according to good laws) was the goddess of law and legislation. The same or a different goddess may have been a daughter of Hermes and Aphrodite. Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and

Eirene, or Irene (Ειρήνη -pronounced I-ree-nee; Greek for peace); the Roman equivalent was Pax), was the personification of peace and wealth, and was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, scepter and a torch or rhyton. Eirene, or Irene ( Εἰρήνη pronounced Ei-'ree-nee Greek for peace; the Roman equivalent was Pax) one of the Horae Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its In Roman mythology, Pax ( Latin for Peace) (her Greek equivalent was Eirene) was recognized as a Goddess The cornucopia ( Latin: Cornu Copiae) is a symbol of food and abundance dating back to the 5th century BC, also referred to as horn 'o' plenty A sceptre or scepter is a symbolic ornamental staff held by a ruling Monarch, a prominent item of royal Regalia. Rhyton (plural rhyta) is the ancient Greek word (ῥυτόν rutón) for a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk or else poured in some

Third Generation

Some authors recognise yet a third set of Horae. They were Pherusa (or Pherousa, goddess of substance and farm estates), Euporie (or Euporia, goddess of abundance), and Orthosie (goddess of prosperity). In Greek mythology, Pherusa, or Pherousa was a Nereid, one of the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. This article is about the Greek goddess For the moon of Jupiter see Euporie (moon.

Fourth Generation

Nonnus in his Dionysiaca mentions a set of four Horae: Eiar, Theros, Cheimon, and Phthinoporon. Theophanes Nonnus was a Byzantine physician For the saint of this name see Saint Nonnus. Theophanes Nonnus was a Byzantine physician For the saint of this name see Saint Nonnus. (The Greek words for Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter accordingly).

The Hours

Finally, a quite separate suite of Horae presonified the twelve hours (originally only ten), as tutelary goddesses of the times of day. The hours run from just before sunrise to just after sunset, thus winter hours are short, summer hours are long:

• Auge, first light
• Anatole or Anatolia, sunrise
• Mousika or Musica, the morning hour of music and study
• Gymnastika, Gymnastica or Gymnasia, the morning hour of gymnastics/exercise
• Nymphe, the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)
• Mesembria, noon
• Sponde, libations poured after lunch
• Elete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hours
• Akte, Acte or Cypris, eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours
• Hesperis, evening
• Dysis, sunset
• Arktos, night sky, constellation

See also

• List of Greek mythological figures
• Class of the Titans
• hora (astrology)

References

Horai are mentioned by:

• Homer
• Hesiod
• Pausanias
• Apollodorus

and in modern times by:

• Heinrich Heine
• R.E.M. in the song "Moral Kiosk" from Murmur (album)
• Alfred Tennyson

External links

• Theoi Project: Horai
• Theoi Project: Twelve Horae