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This article is about an early leader in education; for the private school located in New York City, see Horace Mann School. The Horace Mann School is an independent College preparatory school in New York City. For other uses of the name, see Horace Mann (disambiguation).
Horace Mann

Horace Mann
Born May 4, 1796(1796-05-04)
Flag of the United States Franklin, Massachusetts
Died August 2, 1859 (aged 63)
Yellow Springs, Ohio
Occupation College President
Educator
Politician
Spouse Mary Peabody Mann
Children Horace Jr. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Town of Franklin is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College. , George Combe, Benjamin Pickman
Parents Thomas Mann, Rebecca Stanley Mann
An article in the
History of Dedham
series
Topics

Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was an American education reformer and abolitionist. The History of Dedham Massachusetts began with the first settlers' arrival in 1635 The History of Dedham Massachusetts from 1793 to 1999 begins with the naming of Dedham as the shiretown of the newly formed Norfolk County Dedham has been featured on both television and film screens William Desmond Taylor 's 1919 silent film Anne of Green Gables was filmed Fisher Ames ( April 19, 1758 &ndash July 4, 1808) was a Representative in the United States Congress from the Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate Samuel Dexter ( May 14, 1761 &ndash May 4, 1816) was an early American statesman who served both in Congress and in the Oldest buildings in the United States The Fairbanks House is an historic home in Dedham Massachusetts. Jonathan Fairbanks (1594 &ndash December 5, 1668) was born in Heptonstall Halifax Yorkshire England Jason Fairbanks ( September 25, 1780 &ndash September 10, 1801) was an early American murderer Mother Brook is the modern name for a stream that flows from the Charles River in Dedham Massachusetts, to the Neponset River in the Hyde Park The Old Avery Oak Tree stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in the New England Hurricane of 1938. Ferdinando Nicola Sacco (April 22 1891 – August 23 1927 and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11 1888 – August 23 1927 were two Italian-born American laborers The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves is "the oldest continually existing Horse thief apprehending organization in the United States, and Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies He was also a member of the U. S. House of Representatives (Republican).

He was a brother-in-law to author Nathaniel Hawthorne, since their wives were sisters. Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4 1804 – May 19 1864 was an American novelist and Short story writer

Contents

Education and early career

Horace Mann was born on May 4, 1796,[1] in Franklin, Massachusetts. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Town of Franklin is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. His childhood and youth were passed in poverty, and his health was impaired early by hard, manual labor. His only means for gratifying his eager desire for books was the small library founded in his native town by Benjamin Franklin and consisting principally of histories and treatises on theology. Benjamin Franklin ( April 17 1790 was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America.

He enrolled at Brown University at the age of 20 and graduated after three years[2] as valedictorian of his class in 1819. Brown University is a highly esteemed private University located in Providence, Rhode Island and is a member of the Ivy League. Valedictorian is an academic title typically conferred upon the highest ranked student among those being graduated from an educational institution He then studied law for a short time at Wrentham, Massachusetts; was a tutor of Latin and Greek (1820-1822) and a librarian (1821-1823) at Brown University; studied during 1821-1823 at Litchfield Law School (the famous law school conducted by Judge Tapping Reeve in Litchfield, Connecticut); and in 1823, was admitted to the Norfolk, Massachusetts, bar. Wrentham is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The Litchfield Law School of Litchfield Connecticut was the first law school in the United States, having been established in 1773 by Tapping Reeve Tapping Reeve ( October 1, 1744 &ndash December 13, 1823) was an American lawyer and law educator Litchfield is a town in and former County seat of Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, and is known as an affluent summer Norfolk is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. In 1830, Mann married Charlotte Messer, though she died only two years later on August 1, 1832. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian His grief over her death never fully subsided. [3]

For fourteen years, first at Dedham, Massachusetts, and after 1833 at Boston, he devoted himself, with great success, to his profession. While in Dedham, home of the nation's first "free" (tax-supported) public school, he served on the school committee. [4] Meanwhile he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833 and in the Massachusetts Senate from 1833 to 1837, for the last two years as Senate President. The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [4]

Education reform

It was not until he was appointed secretary (1837) of the newly created board of education of Massachusetts that he began the work which was soon to place him in the foremost rank of American educationists. A board of education or a school Board or school committee is the title of the Board of directors of a school local School district He held this position, and worked with a remarkable intensity, holding teachers' conventions, delivering numerous lectures and addresses, carrying on an extensive correspondence, and introducing numerous reforms. He planned and inaugurated the Massachusetts normal school system in Lexington and Bridgewater, founded and edited The Common School Journal (1838), and began preparing a series of Annual Reports, which had a wide circulation and are still considered as being "among the best expositions, if, indeed, they are not the very best ones, of the practical benefits of a common school education both to the individual and to the state" (Hinsdale). normal school was a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers Framingham State College is located in Framingham, Massachusetts, USA, 20 miles from Boston Bridgewater State College is a public Liberal arts college located in Bridgewater Massachusetts.

Mann's reforms included the establishment of a single school system throughout the state instead of separate local school districts. [5] He urged separate classrooms for students at different levels of learning, and discouraged learning by rote and flogging as punishment. Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body [5] Most importantly, he worked effectively for more and better equipped school houses, longer school years (until 16 years old), higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum.

In 1852, he supported governor Edward Everett in the decision to adopt the Prussian education system in Massachusetts. Edward Everett ( April 11, 1794 January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. The Prussian education system was a system of mandatory Education dating to the early 19th century Shortly after Everett and Mann collaborated to adopt the Prussian system, the Governor of New York set up the same method in twelve different New York schools on a trial basis. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

The practical result of Mann's work was a revolution in the approach used in the common school system of Massachusetts, which in turn influenced the direction of other states. In carrying out his work, Mann met with bitter opposition by some Boston schoolmasters who strongly disapproved of his innovative pedagogical ideas [6], and by various religious sectarians, who contended against the exclusion of all sectarian instruction from the schools. Pedagogy (ˈpɛdəgɒdʒi or paedagogy is the Art or Science of being a Teacher. Sectarianism is Bigotry, Discrimination, Prejudice or Hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions He is often considered "the father of American public education". [7]

Leadership of Antioch College and last years

Original daguerreotype of Rep. Mann (Mass.) from Mathew Brady's studio, c. 1849.
Original daguerreotype of Rep. Mann (Mass. ) from Mathew Brady's studio, c. Note that Mathew B Brady spelled his first name with only one "t" 1849.

From 1853 until his death in 1859, he was president of the newly established Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, where he taught political economy, intellectual and moral philosophy, and natural theology. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Antioch College was a private independent Liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States, and was the founder and flagship Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College. Political economy originally was the term for studying production buying and selling and their relations with law custom and government Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life Natural theology is a branch of Theology based on Reason and ordinary Experience, explaining the gods rationally as part of the physical world The college received insufficient financial support due to sectarian infighting; he himself was charged with nonadherence to sectarianism because, previously a Calvinist by upbringing, he joined the Unitarian Church. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God The college was founded by the Christian Connexion, who later withdrew their funding, but he earned the love of his students and by his many addresses exerted a beneficial influence upon education in the Midwest. The Christian Connection or Christian Connexion was a Christian movement which began in several places during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and were secessions Horace Mann also employed the first female faculty member to be paid on an equal basis with her male colleagues, Rebecca Pennell. His commencement message to the class of 1859 to "be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity" is repeated to the graduating class at each commencement. [8]

He is buried in the North Burial Ground in Providence, Rhode Island. The North Burial Ground is a Cemetery in Providence Rhode Island, dating to 1700 Next to his first wife, Charlotte Messer Mann, daughter of Asa Messer, president of Brown College in Providence, RI.

Legacy

Antioch College continues to operate in accordance with the egalitarian and humanitarian values of Horace Mann. Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans A monument including his statue stands in lands belonging to the college in Yellow Springs, Ohio with his quote and college motto "Be Ashamed to Die Until You Have Won Some Victory for Humanity. "

There are a number of schools in the U. S. named for Mann, including ones in Lakewood, Ohio; Indiana, Pennsylvania; Arkansas; Washington, D.C.; Boston, Massachusetts; Bakersfield, California; San Jose, California; Charleston, West Virginia; Marstons Mills, Massachusetts; Salem, Massachusetts; Wichita, Kansas; Redmond, Washington; Fargo, North Dakota; St. Louis, Missouri; Chicago, Illinois; Mt. Vernon, Illinois; Binghamton, New York ; North Bergen, New Jersey; Colorado Springs, Colorado, Ottumwa, Iowa, and the Horace Mann School in Riverdale, New York; Horace Mann High School, North Fond du Lac, Wi, and a now-closed school in Gary, Indiana. Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area and borders the city of Cleveland Indiana is a Borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, part of the Pittsburgh DMA. Horace Mann Arts and Sciences Magnet Middle School is a magnet Middle school located in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Charleston is the Capital of the US state of West Virginia. It is located at the confluence of the Elk and Marstons Mills (also spelled Marston's Mills) is a village in the city of Barnstable Massachusetts. Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management's April 1 2008 estimate the city has a population Fargo is a city in Cass County, North Dakota in the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Mount Vernon (Mt Vernon is a city located near the center of Jefferson County Illinois, in the United States. Binghamton, known as The Parlor City is a City located in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The City of Colorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, Ottumwa (pronounced əˈtʌmwə "Uh-tuhm-wa" is a city in Wapello County, Iowa, United States. The Horace Mann School is an independent College preparatory school in New York City. Riverdale (population approximately 45000 according to the 2000 U The University of Northern Colorado named the gates to their campus in his dedication, a gift of the Class of 1910. The University of Northern Colorado, often called UNC or Northern Colorado is a coeducational public institution of higher education and research located in Greeley [9]

Further reading

Notes

  1. ^ Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc. , 1981: 42. ISBN 086576008X
  2. ^ McFarland, Philip. Hawthorne in Concord. New York: Grove Press, 2004. p. 72. ISBN 0802117767
  3. ^ McFarland, Philip. Hawthorne in Concord. New York: Grove Press, 2004. p. 73. ISBN 0802117767
  4. ^ a b Schools vie for honor of being the oldest. Boston Globe, November 12, 1999.
  5. ^ a b McFarland, Philip. Hawthorne in Concord. New York: Grove Press, 2004. p. 74. ISBN 0802117767
  6. ^ Glenn, Myra (1984). Campaigns Against Corporal Punishment, 104-6. ISBN 0-87395-813-6.  
  7. ^ No children need apply, Steve Baily, Boston Globe, July 4, 2007
  8. ^ Antioch College
  9. ^ University of Northern Colorado official web site

External links

Preceded by
John Quincy Adams		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 8th congressional district
April 3, 1848-March 3, 1853		 Succeeded by
Tappan Wentworth
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