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For other people named Horace, see Horace (disambiguation).
Horace, as imagined by Anton von Werner
Horace, as imagined by Anton von Werner

Quintus Horatius Flaccus, (Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. Anton Alexander von Werner ( May 9, 1843 &ndash January 4, 1915) was a German painter in the Kingdom of Prussia Venosa is a town and Comune in the Province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata, in the Vulture area. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 65 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In response to the illegal exercise of Citizen rights Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 8 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Lyric poetry refers to a usually short poem that expresses personal feelings which may or may not be set to music Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was

Contents

Life

Born in Venosa or Venusia, as it was called in his day, a small town in the border region between Apulia and Lucania, Horace was the son of a freedman, but he himself was born free. Venosa is a town and Comune in the Province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata, in the Vulture area. Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea Lucania was an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. A freedman is a former slave who has been manumitted or emancipated. His father owned a small farm at Venusia, and later moved to Rome and worked as a coactor, a kind of middleman at auctions who would pay the purchase price to the seller and collect it later from the buyer and receive 1% of the purchase price from each of them for his services. The elder Horace was able to spend considerable money on his son's education, accompanying him first to Rome for his primary education, and then sending him to Athens to study Greek and philosophy. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The poet later expressed his gratitude in a tribute to his father; in his own words:

If my character is flawed by a few minor faults, but is otherwise decent and moral, if you can point out only a few scattered blemishes on an otherwise immaculate surface, if no one can accuse me of greed, or of prurience, or of profligacy, if I live a virtuous life, free of defilement (pardon, for a moment, my self-praise), and if I am to my friends a good friend, my father deserves all the credit. . . As it is now, he deserves from me unstinting gratitude and praise. I could never be ashamed of such a father, nor do I feel any need, as many people do, to apologize for being a freedman's son. Satires 1. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human 6. 65-92

After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Horace joined the army, serving under the generalship of Brutus. Marcus Junius Brutus (85&ndash42 BC or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus was a Roman senator of the late Roman Republic. He fought as a staff officer (tribunus militum) in the Battle of Philippi. The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate Alluding to famous literary models, he later claimed that he saved himself by throwing away his shield and fleeing. When an amnesty was declared for those who had fought against the victorious Octavian (later Augustus), Horace returned to Italy, only to find his estate confiscated; his father had probably died by then. Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Horace claims that he was reduced to poverty. Nevertheless, he had the means to purchase a profitable life-time appointment as a scriba quaestorius, an official of the Treasury, which allowed him to get by comfortably and practice his poetic art.

Horace was a member of a literary circle that included Virgil and Lucius Varius Rufus, who introduced him to Maecenas, friend and confidant of Augustus. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Lucius Varius Rufus (ca 74 - 14 BC Roman poet of the Augustan age Caius Cilnius Maecenas (70 &ndash 8 BC was a confidant and political advisor to Octavian (who was to become the first Emperor of Rome as Caesar Augustus) as well Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Maecenas became his patron and close friend, and presented Horace with an estate near Tibur in the Sabine Hills, contemporary Tivoli. Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it He died in Rome a few months after the death of Maecenas, in 8 BC. Upon his death bed, having no heirs, Horace relinquished his farm to his friend and Emperor Augustus, to be used for Imperial needs. His farm is there today and is a spot of pilgrimage for the literary elite.

Works

Horace is generally considered by classicists to be one of the greatest Latin poets. "Classical literature" redirects here For literature in Classical languages outside the Graeco-Roman sphere see Ancient literature.

He wrote many Latin phrases that remain in use (in Latin or in translation) including carpe diem, "seize the day"; Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori; and aurea mediocritas, the "golden mean. This page lists direct English Translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and Et cetera. Carpe diem is a phrase from a Latin poem by Horace (See section below Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori is a line from the Roman lyrical Poet Horace 's Odes (iii 2 "

His works (like those of all but the earliest Latin poets) are written in Greek metres, from the hexameter, which was relatively easy to adapt to Latin, to the more complex measures used in the Odes, like alcaics and sapphics, which were sometimes a difficult fit for Latin structure and syntax. In Poetry, the meter or metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. Hexameter is a literary and poetic form consisting of six metrical feet per line as in the Iliad. Alcaic verse (sometimes called Anacreontic verse) is a Greek lyrical meter, traditionally believed to have been invented by Alcaeus The Sapphic stanza, named after Sappho, is a poetic form spanning four lines In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the Alphabetically, they are:

Some highlights from his surviving work include:

Odes (or Carmina)

4 books

Epodes

1 book

Satires

2 books

With the Epistles, these are his most personal works and perhaps the most accessible to contemporary readers since much of his social satire is just as applicable today. Ars Poetica is a term meaning "The Art of Poetry" or "On the Nature of Poetry" Year 18 BC was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Carmen Saeculare ( Latin for "Secular Hymn" - "Song of the Ages" sometimes known as the Carmen for short is a Year 17 BC was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Epistularum liber primus ( First Book of Letters) is the seventh work by Horace, published in the year 20BC Year 20 BC was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Epode, in verse, is the third part of an Ode, which followed the Strophe and the Antistrophe, and completed the movement Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Sermonum Liber primus (also known as "Satires I" is a collection of ten satirical poems written by the Roman poet Horace. Year 35 BC was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Sermonum liber secundus (also known as "Satires II" is a collection of eight satirical poems that the Roman poet Horace published in 30 BCE as a sequel Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Year 23 BC was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Epode, in verse, is the third part of an Ode, which followed the Strophe and the Antistrophe, and completed the movement Epode, in verse, is the third part of an Ode, which followed the Strophe and the Antistrophe, and completed the movement Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human

Letters or Epistles

2 books

With the Satires, these are his most personal works, and perhaps the most accessible to contemporary readers. Sermonum Liber primus (also known as "Satires I" is a collection of ten satirical poems written by the Roman poet Horace. Year 35 BC was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Sermonum liber secundus (also known as "Satires II" is a collection of eight satirical poems that the Roman poet Horace published in 30 BCE as a sequel A letter is a Written Message from one person to another Letters especially a regular exchange between two persons (sometimes called Pen pals An epistle (pronounced) ( Greek επιστολη epistolē "letter" is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons usually a letter

One of the Epistles is often referred to as a separate work in itself, the Ars Poetica. Ars Poetica is a term meaning "The Art of Poetry" or "On the Nature of Poetry" Year 18 BC was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Epistularum liber primus ( First Book of Letters) is the seventh work by Horace, published in the year 20BC Year 20 BC was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Ars Poetica is a term meaning "The Art of Poetry" or "On the Nature of Poetry" In this work, Horace forwards a theory of poetry. His most important tenets are that poetry must be carefully and skillfully worked out on the semantic and formal levels, and that poetry should be wholesome as well as pleasant. This latter issue is often referred to as the dulce et utile, which is Latin for the sweet and useful. (This work was first translated into English by Queen Elizabeth I).

Carmen Saeculare

In later culture

English translators

References

Michie, James (1964). The Odes of Horace. Rupert Hart-Davis. ASIN B000K7DG0Y. The Amazon Standard Identification Number ( ASIN) is a unique identification number assigned by Amazon  

External links

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The Latin Library is a website that collects Public domain Latin texts

Dictionary

Horace

-proper noun

  1. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, a poet and philosopher of the Roman Augustan Age. Born 65 BCE in Venusia, died 27 November, 8 BCE in Rome. Horace was a contemporary and friend of Virgil. Although of low birth, Horace was admired by the Emperor Augustus and was offered, but refused, to become his private secretary.
  2. A male given name
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