The Honour of Richmond was created by Alain Le Roux, son of Eudes, Count of Penthièvre, grandson of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany [1]. Alain Le Roux (c 1040-1089 known in Latin as Alanus Rufus and in English as Alan the Red, was a probable companion of William the Conqueror in the Eudes of Rennes (999 &ndash 1079 ( Breton: Eozen Penteur) count of Penthievre, was the youngest son of Duke Geoffrey I of Brittany Geoffrey I of Rennes (980 &ndash November 20 1008) was Duke of Brittany, from 992 to his death
According to the Honoris Registrum de Richmond: "I, William, surnamed the Bastard, do give and grant to thee, Alan, my nephew, Earl of Bretagne, and thy heirs for ever, all the towns and lands which lately belonged to Earl Edwin, in Yorkshire, with the knights' fees, churches, and other privileges and customs, in as free and honourable a manner as the same Edwin held them. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Gilling West is a large village in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. Edwin (died 1071 Old English: Ēadwine) was the elder brother of Morcar Earl of Northumbria, son of Ælfgār Earl of Mercia and grandson Richmond is a Market town on the River Swale in North Yorkshire, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire Knight's fee was a feudal term used in mediæval England and Anglo-Norman Ireland to describe the value of land A county palatine is an area ruled by a Count palatine (or Earl palatine who may hold the higher title of Duke) with special authority and autonomy In medieval England, an honour could consist of a great lordship comprised of dozens or hundreds of manors Holders of honours (and the kings to whom they reverted Given at the siege before York. The Harrying (or Harrowing) of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror, in the winter of 1069 &ndash 1070 "[2]
The capital district was originally based in Catraeth, Rheged as the home of King Urien of Gore. A capital territory or capital District is normally a specially designated Administrative division where a Country 's seat of Catterick, sometimes Catterick Village to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison, is a Village in North Yorkshire. Rheged IPA r̥ɛgɛd was a Brythonic kingdom of Sub-Roman Britain, whose inhabitants spoke Cumbric, a dialect of Brythonic closely related Urien was a late 6th century king of Rheged, an early British kingdom in northern England and southern Scotland. British history describes Peter Thompson, who supposedly discovered the tomb of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table under Richmond Castle's crypt. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders Knights of the Round Table were those men awarded the highest order of Chivalry at the Court of King Arthur in the literary cycle the Matter of Britain Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, England, stands in a breathtaking position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of He is said to have found a horn and a poltergeist resulted when lifting Excalibur. Excalibur is the legendary Sword of King Arthur sometimes attributed with magical powers or associated with the rightful Sovereignty of Great [3] When Richmondshire was founded, it revived the ancient British presence of Cumbria. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy The importance of Brittany, Wales and their colonial connections with the Honour of Richmond in English history is most often not taught in public education. The history of England is similar to the history of Britain until the arrival of the Saxons Although territorially English, Richmond is wholly of the Cambro-Breton, rather than Anglo-Norman experience.
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A Breton colony in Britain
After the Conquest of 1066, Breton Richmond in the Province of York was an important mediaeval hub, of comparable scope to Norman London in the Province of Canterbury. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Richmondshire is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. The Province of York is one of two Ecclesiastical provinces making up the Church of England and consists of 14 Dioceses which cover the northern third of Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Province of Canterbury, also called the Southern Province, is one of two Ecclesiastical provinces making up the Church of England. Breton people moved to the honour in a very large migration, after having expelled its locals to the Scottish Marches. The Bretons are a distinct Ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo - Scottish border ( Border country) for nearly three hundred years from the late 13th century The Scottish Marches is a term for the Border country on both sides of the border between Scotland and England. The honour originally composed of 440 manors, with over 1,000 soldiers in retinue and comprising about 20% of England owned when the Domesday Book was compiled. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey Richmondshire and initially Cornwall, became the residence of the ruling houses of Brittany, while such men as Ralph the Staller, Ralph de Guader and the House of Rohan's Baron Zouche were their subordinates in East Anglia. Alan of Penthièvre (bc1100 &ndash September 15, 1146, ( Breton Alan Penteur) also know as Alan the Black, was a Breton noble Ralph the Staller (or Radulf stalre (meaning Ralph the Constable) or Ralph the Englishman) (c Ralph de Guader (otherwise Radulf Waders or Ralph Wader) (before 1042-c See Rohan (disambiguation for other uses of the word The house of Rohan was a family of Viscounts later Dukes and The title of Baron Zouche has thrice been created in the Peerage of England. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles. Onomastics reveal that choice Breton birth names in the honour were Alured, Gurwant, Guihomar, Harscoet, Herve, Hoel, Roald and Rualent. Onomastics or onomatology is the study of proper Names of all kinds and the origins of names Hoel or Howel ( Hywel) is a legendary king of Brittany and one of the oldest characters associated with Arthurian legend. The East Anglian surname Brett is from Brittany. Brett may refer to several different thingsA given name from a Middle English surname meaning "a Breton" referring to an inhabitant of Brittany [4] Conan IV, Duke of Brittany married Margaret of Huntingdon and consolidated Breton hegemony in the North. Conan IV of Penthièvre (1138 &ndash February 20 1171) ( Breton: Konan V Penteur and Konan Breizh) called "the Young" was Duke Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line John I of England forcibly removed his nephew, Arthur I, Duke of Brittany from the throne of England, after which point, Normandy was seized by Philip II of France and the First Barons' War resulted in England, with Richmond leading the parliamentary forces against John, while Montfort would be held by future dukes of Brittany. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Arthur I (29 March 1187 &ndash 1203 was Duke of Brittany between 1194 and 1203 Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death The First Barons' War ( 1215 &ndash 1217) was a combination of a Civil war in the Kingdom of England between on the one hand the forces of The House of Montfort reigned in the Duchy of Brittany from 1365 to 1514 Bryan Fitz Alan, Lord Fitz Alan of Bedal was grandson of Northumberland's sheriff, dubbed Guardian and Keeper of Scotland (while working side by side with John of Brittany), by Edward I of England, master of two Yorkshire castles and four Lowland castles during the First Scottish War of Independence. Bedale is a small Market town and Civil parish in the district of Hambleton, North Yorkshire, England, at the foot of Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Jean de Bretagne or John of Brittany ( 1266 - 17 January 1334) was English 3rd Earl of Richmond from 15 October 1306 Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost The First War of Scottish Independence lasted from the outbreak of the war with the invasion by England in 1296 until the De jure restoration of Scottish independence With difficulties arising from the Breton War of Succession, Breton Dukes were placed in such precarious positions as to render them impotent to cater for the needs of Richmond. The Breton War of Succession was a conflict between the Houses of Blois and Montfort for control of the Duchy of Brittany. This required temporary stand-ins for the stewardship of such a vast estate, which normally carried with it the title of earl and accompanying herald. The title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary is an officer of arms of the College of Arms. Richmond was the home of John Wycliffe and several Lollard knights, along with supporters of the "Spanish" House of Lancaster. John Wycliffe (ˈwɪklɪf also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, or Wickliffe) (mid-1320s – 31 December Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid- 14th century to the English Reformation. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Richmond was also partially Yorkist, significantly affected by the Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndŵr and the de la Poles. The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century Owain Glyndŵr (pronounced 'owain glin'dwr or Owain Glyn Dŵr, Anglicised by Shakespeare into Owen Glendower (c Owen de la Pole (born c1257 died c1293 also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn
Richmond eventually became a possession de facto of the Tudor dynasty (descended from the earlier line of "earls"), although real estate belonging de jure to the Breton dukes, who eventually could no longer maintain their rightful claim. The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period Henry VII of England was born in modern-day Wales and willed the Richmond honour by Francis II, Duke of Brittany, who thought it pertinent to return England and Wales to native Britons and secure independence for Richmond from Charles VIII of France, which he could not do in his own primary fief of Brittany. The Welsh people ( Welsh: Cymro ("Welshman" Cymraes ("Welsh woman" Cymry ("Welshmen/women" Cymry Francis II (in Breton Frañsez II, in French François II) ( June 23 1433 &ndash September 9 1488 History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death The King then built Richmond Palace in Surrey as a grand replacement for the Savoy Palace, which was formerly used by Richmond's stewards. Richmond Palace was a royal residence from 1327 to 1649 on The Green Richmond, United Kingdom. Richmond is a town and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in England. The Savoy Palace was considered the grandest nobleman's residence of medieval London, until it was destroyed in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. Tudor also replaced the lion on the Royal Arms, with the White Greyhound of Richmond. The White Greyhound of Richmond is one of the Queen's Beasts, a Greyhound featured prominently in Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Henry VIII of England consolidated Richmondshire proper into the Royal Domain upon the elevation of Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Henry FitzRoy 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset ( 15 June 1519 &ndash 23 July 1536) was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his Richmond was the focal point of the Pilgrimage of Grace and the reason why the Diocese of Chester was most notorious for recusancy, while other areas of the honour (e. The Pilgrimage of Grace was a popular rising in York, Yorkshire during 1536 in protest against England 's break with Rome and The Diocese of Chester is a Church of England Diocese in the Province of York based in Chester, covering the county of Cheshire In the History of England, recusancy was a term used to describe the statutory offence of not complying with and conforming to the Established church or g. Welsh Oliver Cromwell in East Anglia), were influenced by native Myles Coverdale. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth Myles Coverdale (also Miles Coverdale) (c 1488 &ndash 20 January 1569) was a 16th-century Bible translator who produced the Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick, brother-in-law of Lady Jane Grey was himself descended from a Breton knight in the male line and was made lord of Bedale by Elizabeth I of England. Ambrose Dudley 3rd Earl of Warwick (died February 21, 1589) was the son of John Dudley 1st Duke of Northumberland Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537&ndash 12 February 1554) also referred to as Queen Jane, a greatniece of Henry VIII of England, was a claimant The Welsh Marches were then appended to Richmond, which was involved in the Plymouth Council for New England and the economy shifted from textiles in Boston to coal in Newcastle. The Welsh Marches ( Welsh: Y Mers) is an area along the border of England and Wales on the island of Great Britain, in the current Ludovic Stewart 2nd Duke of Lennox 1st Duke of Richmond ( September 29 1574 &ndash February 16 1624) was a Scottish nobleman The Plymouth Council for New England was the name of a 17th century English Joint stock company that was granted a royal charter to found colonial settlements A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Boston ( is a town and small Port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Richmond simultaneously became connected to Lennox, which was the location of the ancient British capital of the Kingdom of Strathclyde. The district of Lennox ( Gaelic Leamhnachd ʎãũnəxg̊ often known as "the Lennox" is a region of Scotland centred around the village of Dumbarton ( Gaelic Dùn Breatainn d̪̊unˈb̊ɾʲɛhd̪̊ɪɲ is a Burgh in Scotland, lying on the north bank of the River Clyde Strathclyde ( Gaelic: Srath Chluaidh) (lit "Valley of the Clyde" originally Brythonic Ystrad Clud, was one of the kingdoms After the initial reactionary approach by Guy Fawkes, Richmonders such as George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (founder of Maryland and Avalonia), were mostly Catholic royalists in the English Civil War, but more interested in the Spanish Match and Breton politics of the period. Guy Fawkes ( 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606) sometimes known as Guido Fawkes, was a member of a group of English George Calvert 1st Baron Baltimore ( c 1580 &ndash 15 April 1632 was an English Politician and coloniser. The Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776 when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies In the seventeenth century the Province of Avalon was the area around the settlement of Ferryland which upon the success of the colony grew to include the land held by Sir Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kérouaille Duchess of Portsmouth (September 1649 &ndash 14 November 1734) was a mistress of Charles II of England The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The Spanish Match describes the policy and diplomatic negotiations towards a proposed marriage between Prince Charles, the son of King James I of England Breton nationalism is the Nationalism of the traditional province of Brittany in France. Covenanters installed themselves in Richmondshire as foreign occupiers, before trying to reinstate the Stuarts. The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored After triumphing in the Battle of Culloden, a pele tower was raised in the Borough of Richmond and the dukes became part of Clan Gordon. The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian Peel towers (also spelt pele) are small fortified keeps or Tower houses built along the English and Scottish Borders, intended as watch towers where Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a traditional Scottish clan name and it is now a common forename
Features
- Earl of Richmond
- Duke of Richmond
- Archdeaconry of Richmond
- Richmond Fee and Shilling
References
Further reading
Morris, David. The title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. The title Duke of Richmond is named after Richmond and its surrounding district of Richmondshire, and has been created several times in the Peerage of England The Honour of Richmond: A history of the Lords, Earls & Dukes of Richmond Sessions of York (ISBN 1 85072 240 4)
External links
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