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República de Honduras
Republic of Honduras
Flag of Honduras Coat of arms of Honduras
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Libre, Soberana e Independiente. This National flag of Honduras was adopted on January 9, 1866, based on the flag of the Federal Republic of Central America. The Coat of arms of Honduras features the text "Republic of Honduras free sovereign and independent" topped with a Cornucopia, a Quiver of A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group "  (Spanish)
"Free, Sovereign and Independent"
Anthem: Himno Nacional de Honduras
Location of Honduras
Capital
(and largest city)		 Tegucigalpa
14°6′N, 87°13′W
Official languages Spanish
Demonym Honduran
Government democratic constitutional republic
 -  President Manuel Zelaya
Independence
 -  from Spain 15 September 1821 
 -  from Mexico 1823 
 -  from the PUCA 1838 
Area
 -  Total 112,492 km² (102nd)
43,278 sq mi 
Population
 -  September 2007 estimate 7,483,763² (96th)
 -  2000 census 6,975,204 
 -  Density 64/km² (128th)
166/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2007 estimate
 -  Total $25. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's The "National anthem of Honduras" ( Spanish Himno Nacional de Honduras) was adopted under presidential decree 42 in 1915 Demographics of Honduras The population of Honduras is 75 million Tegucigalpa (teɰusiˈɰalpa ( Teguz for short is the Capital city of Honduras and is also the country's largest city An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Hondurans (Hondureños also es Catracho) are people inhabiting in originating or having significant heritage from Honduras. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. This page lists presidents of Honduras. Many of the post 1900 Presidents represented one of the two dominant political parties which are the Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH José Manuel Zelaya Rosales, also known as Mel Zelaya, (born September 20, 1952) is the President of Honduras and has been since Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Federal Republic of Central America, also known as the United Central Provinces of America, was a short-lived American State in Central America Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 63 billion (106th)
 -  Per capita $3,300 (124th)
Gini (2003) 53. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 8 (high) 
HDI (2007) ▲ 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 700 (medium) (115th)
Currency Lempira (HNL)
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
Internet TLD .hn
Calling code +504
1 "libre, soberana, e independiente" is the official motto, the congress order to put it on the coat of arms. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The lempira (lɛmˈpɪrə ISO 4217 code HNL is the currency of Honduras. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E The unofficial motto "NO PASARÁN" or "They shall not pass" became popular during the 1969 war with El Salvador. This is an allusion to the El Salvador's stated goal to reach the Honduran Caribbean coast during their offensive.
2 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est. )

Honduras (pronounced /hɒnˈd(j)ʊərəs/; in Spanish, República de Honduras Spanish pronunciation: [onˈduɾas]) is a democratic republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras (now Belize). British Honduras was the former name of what is now the independent nation of Belize and was a British colony on the east coast of Central Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. [1] The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Gulf of Fonseca (Golfo de Fonseca part of the Pacific Ocean, is a gulf in Central America, bordering El Salvador, Honduras The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting the coasts of Belize, Honduras and Guatemala. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere

Contents

Etymology

The Spanish used at least three different terms to refer to the area that became the Central American country of Honduras.

Rainforest outside Tegucigalpa
Rainforest outside Tegucigalpa
Lake Yojoa
Lake Yojoa
Virgin of Suyapa, Patron of Honduras and Central America
Virgin of Suyapa, Patron of Honduras and Central America

Politics

Main article: Politics of Honduras

Honduras has five registered political parties: PNH, PLH, Social Democrats (Partido Innovación Nacional y Social Demócrata: PINU-SD), Social Christians (Partido Demócrata-Cristiano: DC), and Democrat Unification (Partido Unificación Democrática: UD). Lake Yojoa is the largest Lake in Honduras with a surface area of 285 square kilometers (110 mi² and an average depth of 15 meters (50 ft The Virgin of Suyapa is a 6 cm (23 in) Statue that is the Patron saint of Honduras. Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Honduras is both The PNH and PLH have ruled the country for decades. In the last years, Honduras has had five Liberal presidents: Roberto Suazo Córdova, José Azcona del Hoyo, Carlos Roberto Reina, Carlos Roberto Flores and Manuel Zelaya, and two Nationalists: Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero and Ricardo Maduro. Roberto Suazo Córdova was born in the city of La Paz Honduras on March 17 1927 José Simón Azcona del Hoyo ( January 26 1927 &ndash October 24 2005) was President of Honduras from January 27 1986 Carlos Roberto Reina Idiáquez ( March 13, 1926 - August 19, 2003) was a politician and President of Honduras from Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé (born 10 March 1950) was President of Honduras from January 27, 1998 to January 27, José Manuel Zelaya Rosales, also known as Mel Zelaya, (born September 20, 1952) is the President of Honduras and has been since Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero was born on 14 November 1943 in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, and was the President of Honduras from Ricardo Rodolfo Maduro Joest (born April 20, 1946 in Panama) is a former President of Honduras and Bank of Honduras chairman The elections have been full of controversies, including questions about whether Azcona was born in Honduras or Spain, and whether Maduro should have been able to stand given he was born in Panama. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America.

In 1963, a military coup was mounted against the democratically-elected president Villeda Morales and a military junta established which held power until 1981. A military junta is a government ruled by a committee of military leaders In this year Suazo Córdova (LPH) was elected president and Honduras changed from a military authoritarian regime.

In 1986, there were five Liberal candidates and four Nationalists running for president. Because no one candidate obtained a clear majority, the so-called "Formula B" was invoked and Azcona del Hoyo became president. In 1990, Callejas won the election under the slogan "Llegó el momento del Cambio," (English "The time for change has arrived"), which was heavily criticized for resembling El Salvador's "ARENAs" political campaign. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Once in office, Callejas Romero gained a reputation for illicit enrichment, and has been the subject of several scandals and accusations. It was during Flores Facusse's mandate that Hurricane Mitch hit the country and decades of economic growth were eradicated in less than a week. Hurricane Mitch was one of the deadliest and most powerful Hurricanes on record in the Atlantic basin with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h

Although the Nationalist and Liberal parties are distinct entities with their own dedicated band of supporters, some have pointed out that their interests and policy measures throughout the twenty-five years of uninterrupted democracy have been very similar. They are often characterized as primarily serving the interests of their own members, who receive jobs when their party gains power and lose them again when the other party is elected. A common struggle for presidents is the imposition of candidates in key ministries by the unelected political leaders of their party. Both are seen as supportive of the elite that owns most of the wealth in the country, while neither extensively promotes socialist ideals. In many ways Honduras resembles a democratic version of an old socialist state, with price controls and nationalized electric and land-line telephone services.

The effect of the patronage appointments is tremendously felt in the incapacity of government departments to carry out their mandate. In an interview with Rodolfo Pastor Fasquelle, Minister of Sports & Culture and one of three 'super ministers' responsible for coordinating the ministries related to public services (security & economic being the other 2), published in Honduras This Week on July 31, 2006, it was related that 94% of the department budget was spent on bureaucracy and only 6% went to support activities and organizations covered by the mandate. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Wages within that ministry were identified as the largest budget consumer.

President Maduro's administration "de-nationalized" the telecommunications sector in a move to promote the rapid diffusion of these services to the Honduran population. As of November 2005, there were around 10 private-sector telecommunications companies in the Honduran market, including two mobile phone companies. As of mid 2007 the issue of tele-communications continues to be very damaging to the current government. [3] The country's main newspapers are La Prensa, El Heraldo, La Tribuna y El Tiempo.

A Presidential and General Election was held on November 27, 2005. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Manuel Zelaya of the Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras: PLH) won, with Porfirio Pepe Lobo of the National Party of Honduras (Partido Nacional de Honduras: PNH) coming in second. José Manuel Zelaya Rosales, also known as Mel Zelaya, (born September 20, 1952) is the President of Honduras and has been since The Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras is a liberal party in Honduras that was founded in 1891. Porfirio "Pepe" Lobo Sosa is a Honduran politician and agricultural landowner National Party (Partido Nacional is a Centre-right Conservative Political party in Honduras and the main Right-wing political party The PNH challenged the election results, and Lobo Sosa did not concede until December 7. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Towards the end of December, the government finally released the total ballot count, giving Zelaya the official victory. Zelaya was inaugurated as Honduras' new president on January 27, 2006. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. His government has generally been considered fragile and he does not hold a majority in the National Congress. The National Congress ( Spanish: Congreso Nacional is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras.

Departments and municipalities

See also: Departments of Honduras and Municipalities of Honduras

Honduras is divided into 18 departments. ||-||}The Central American nation of Honduras is currently divided into 18 departments (departamentos. The 18 departments of Honduras are divided into 298 municipalities ( municipalidades) ||-||}The Central American nation of Honduras is currently divided into 18 departments (departamentos. The capital city is Tegucigalpa Central District of the department of Francisco Morazán. Tegucigalpa (teɰusiˈɰalpa ( Teguz for short is the Capital city of Honduras and is also the country's largest city General José Francisco Morazán Quezada (mo-rah-thahn' He was a Central American Statesman, Lawyer, Orator, and a General born

  1. Atlántida
  2. Choluteca
  3. Colón
  4. Comayagua
  5. Copán
  6. Cortés
  7. El Paraíso
  8. Francisco Morazán
  9. Gracias a Dios
  1. Intibucá
  2. Islas de la Bahía
  3. La Paz
  4. Lempira
  5. Ocotepeque
  6. Olancho
  7. Santa Bárbara
  8. Valle
  9. Yoro
Departmental division of Honduras
Departmental division of Honduras

National symbols

Orchid Brassavola Digbiana
Orchid Brassavola Digbiana
Ara Macao
Ara Macao

The flag of Honduras is composed of 3 equal horizontal stripes, with the upper and lower ones being blue and representing the Pacific ocean and Caribbean sea. El Paraíso is a Municipality in the Honduran department of Copán. This National flag of Honduras was adopted on January 9, 1866, based on the flag of the Federal Republic of Central America. The central stripe is white. It contains five blue stars representing the five states of the Central American Union. The Federal Republic of Central America, also known as the United Central Provinces of America, was a short-lived American State in Central America The middle star represents Honduras, located in the center of the Central American Union. The legislation designating this design for the flag of Honduras passed into law on January 18, 1949. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The Coat of arms was established in 1825. It is one an equilateral triangle, at the base a volcano finds its base between two castles, over which we find a rainbow and the sun shining. The triangle placed on an area that supposes bathed by both seas. Around all of this an oval that it contains in golden lettering: "Republic of Honduras, Free, Sovereign and Independent".

The National Anthem of Honduras is a result of a contest carried out in 1904 during the presidency of Manuel Bonilla. Manuel Bonilla (1849-1913 was President of Honduras from April 13, 1903 to February 25, 1907, and again from February 1 In the end, it was the poet Augusto C. Coello that ended up writing the anthem, with the participation of the German composer Carlos Hartling writing the music. The anthem was officially adopted on November 15, 1915, during the presidency of Alberto Membreño. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The anthem is composed of a choir and seven strophes, which report historical events of the country.

The National Flower of the Honduran is the famous orchid, Rhyncholaelia digbyana (formerly known as Brassavola digbyana), which replaced the rose in 1969. The change of the National Flower was carried out during the administration of general Oswaldo López Arellano, thinking that Brassavola Digbiana "is an indigenous plant of Honduras; having this flower exceptional characteristics of beauty, vigor and distinction", as the decree dictates it. Oswaldo López Arellano ( 30 June 1921 -) was twice President of Honduras from 1963-1971 and 1972-1975

The National Tree of Honduras is the Pine of scientific name: Pinus hondurensis, which was approved on February 4, 1927 during the presidency of Miguel Paz Barahona. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. The Caribbean Pine ( Pinus caribaea) is a hard pine native to Central America, Cuba and the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Miguel Paz Barahona (last name also spelled Baraiona (1863 1937 was President of Honduras from February 1, 1925 to February 1, 1929 Also the use of the tree was regulated, "to avoid the unnecessary destructions caused by choppings or fires of forest. "

The National Mammal is the White Tailed Deer, which was adopted on June 28, 1993 by the government of Honduras, as measurement to avoid excessive depredation. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The scientific name of the animal is: Odocoileus virginianus, one of two species of deer that live in Honduras. The White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized Deer found throughout Its feeding is based on grasses, sheets, etc. The three biggest natural enemies of the White Tail are the puma, the jaguar and man. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family The jaguar (Panthera onca,, or—especially in British English — is a New World Mammal of the Felidae family and one of A man is a Male Human. The term man (irregular plural

The National Bird of Honduras is the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao), under a decree established in 1993. The Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) is a large colorful Parrot. It is native to humid evergreen forests in the American tropics from extreme eastern Mexico This bird, was much valued by the pre-Columbian civilizations of Honduras. The Guacamaya, as it is called by Hondurans and others, belongs to the family of the Psittacidae and his feeding consists in: nectar, roots, fruits etc. The true parrots are about 330 species of bird belonging to the Psittacidae family, one of the two "traditional" families in the biological order The bird lives from Bolivia up to Mexico where the bird makes use of various zones as its natural habitat. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. In Honduras the scarlet macaw, can be found particularly in the Mosquito Coast. The Caribbean Mosquito Coast (or Miskito Coast) historically consisted of an area along the Atlantic coast of present-day Nicaragua, named after its native

Geography

Honduras is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea (top), Nicaragua, a gulf on the Pacific Ocean, El Salvador (lower left) & Guatemala (left)
Honduras is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea (top), Nicaragua, a gulf on the Pacific Ocean, El Salvador (lower left) & Guatemala (left)
Pico Bonito National park
Pico Bonito National park
Main article: Geography of Honduras
See also: Rivers of Honduras
For administrative geography, see Departments of Honduras. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Pico Bonito National Park (PBNP is located on the north coast of Honduras, in the mountain range called Nombre de Dios, to the southwest of the city La Ceiba Honduras is a country situated in Central America. Honduras borders the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. ||-||}The Central American nation of Honduras is currently divided into 18 departments (departamentos.

Honduras borders the Caribbean Sea on the north coast and the Pacific Ocean on the south through the Gulf of Fonseca. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Gulf of Fonseca (Golfo de Fonseca part of the Pacific Ocean, is a gulf in Central America, bordering El Salvador, Honduras The climate varies from tropical in the lowlands to temperate in the mountains. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The central and southern regions are relatively hotter and less humid than the northern coast.

The Honduran territory consists mainly of mountains (~81%), but there are narrow plains along the coasts, a large undeveloped lowland jungle La Mosquitia region in the northeast, and the heavily populated lowland San Pedro Sula valley in the northwest. La Mosquitia refers to the northeastern part of Honduras along the Mosquito Coast. San Pedro Sula is a city in Honduras. It is located in the northwest corner of the country in the Valle de Sula (Sula Valley about 60 km south of Puerto Cortés

In La Mosquitia, lies the UNESCO-world heritage site Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, with the Coco River which divides the country from Nicaragua. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve is 5250 sqkm of preserved land in the La Mosquitia region on the Caribbean coast of Honduras. The Río Coco, formerly known as the Río Segovia is a river in southern Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America

Natural resources include timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, shrimp, and hydropower. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 An ore is a volume of rock containing components or Minerals in a mode of occurrence that renders it valuable for mining Antimony (IPA (Received Pronunciation, /ˈæntɪmoʊni/ (US is a Chemical element with the symbol Sb (stibium meaning "mark" and Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may

The Islas de la Bahía and the Swan Islands (all off the north coast) are part of Honduras. The Swan Islands, or Islas Santanilla, are a chain of three islands located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, approximately ninety miles off the coastline of Misteriosa Bank and Rosario Bank, 130 to 150 km (80-93 miles) north of the Swan Islands, fall within the EEZ of Honduras. The Misteriosa Bank is a submerged bank or Atoll in the Caribbean Sea, located at - approximately equidistant from Mexico (380 km Honduras Rosario Bank is a former Atoll in the southern Caribbean Sea located just south of Misteriosa Bank. Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ) is a seazone over which a State has special rights over the exploration and use of marine

Economy

See also: Economy of Honduras
In Honduras electricity comes in to households through overhead cables. Other cables carry telephone, cable television and broadband internet.
In Honduras electricity comes in to households through overhead cables. Economy of Honduras is the measure of Economic activity in Honduras. Other cables carry telephone, cable television and broadband internet. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information A cable is one or more Wires or Optical fibers bound together typically in a common protective jacket or sheath Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks
The famous hotel Gran Sula in the center of San Pedro Sula
The famous hotel Gran Sula in the center of San Pedro Sula
Fruit Market on the Road
Fruit Market on the Road

Honduras is one of the 10 poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere with GDP per capita at US$3,300 per year (2007). San Pedro Sula is a city in Honduras. It is located in the northwest corner of the country in the Valle de Sula (Sula Valley about 60 km south of Puerto Cortés The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies West The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [4] The economy has continued to grow slowly but the distribution of wealth remains very polarized with average wages remaining low. Economic growth in the last few years has averaged 7% a year which has been one of the most successful growths in Latin America, but 50%, approximately 3. 7 million, of the population still remain below the poverty line. [5] It is estimated that there are more than 1. 2 million people who are unemployed, the rate of unemployment standing at 27. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. 9%.

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund is near to get out of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries eligible for debt relief, which was given in 2005. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ( HIPC) are a group of 37 Developing countries with high levels of Poverty and Debt overhang which are eligible Debt relief is the partial or total forgiveness of Debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth owed by individuals corporations or nations

Both the electricity services (ENEE) and land-line telephone services (HONDUTEL) have been operated by government agencies, with ENEE receiving heavy subsidies because of chronic financial problems. HONDUTEL, however, is no longer a monopoly, the telecommunication sector having been opened to private-sector companies after December 25, 2005; this was one of the requirements before approving the beginning of CAFTA. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. There are price controls on petrol, and other temporary price controls for basic commodities are often passed for short periods by the Congress. The National Congress ( Spanish: Congreso Nacional is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras.

After years of declining against the U. S. dollar the Lempira has stabilized at around 19 Lempiras per dollar. The lempira (lɛmˈpɪrə ISO 4217 code HNL is the currency of Honduras. In June of 2008 the exchange rate between United States Dollars and Honduran Lempiras was approximately 1 to 18. 85.

In 2005 Honduras signed the CAFTA (Free Trade Agreement with USA). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In December 2005, Honduras' main seaport Puerto Cortes was included in the U. Puerto Cortés is a city in the Cortés department of Honduras. S. Container Security Initiative. The Container Security Initiative ( CSI) was launched in 2002 by the U [6]

On December 7, 2006, the U. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Energy (DOE) announced the first phase of the Secure Freight Initiative, an unprecedented effort to build upon existing port security measures by enhancing the U. S. federal government’s ability to scan containers for nuclear and radiological materials overseas and to better assess the risk of inbound containers. The initial phase of Secure Freight involves the deployment of a combination of existing technology and proven nuclear detection devices to six foreign ports: Port Qasim in Pakistan; Puerto Cortes in Honduras; Southampton in the United Kingdom; Port Salalah in Oman; Port of Singapore; and the Gamman Terminal at Port Busan in Korea. The Port Muhammad Bin Qasim ( Urdu: بندر گاہ محمد بن قاسم) is a Port in Karachi, Pakistan on the coastline of the Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Puerto Cortés is a city in the Cortés department of Honduras. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in Singapore 's harbours and which Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Since early 2007, containers from these ports are scanned for radiation and information risk factors before they are allowed to depart for the United States. [7]

Environment

The region is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to the numerous plant and animal species that can be found there. A biodiversity hotspot is a Biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Like other countries in the region, Honduras contains vast biological resources. This 43,278 square mile (112,092 km²) country hosts more than 6,000 species of vascular plants, of which 630 (described so far) are Orchids; around 250 reptiles and amphibians, more than 700 bird species, and 110 mammal species, half of them being bats. Vascular plants (also known as tracheophytes or higher plants) are those Plants that have lignified tissues for conducting

In the northeastern region of La Mosquitia lies the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, a lowland rainforest which is home to a great diversity of life. La Mosquitia refers to the northeastern part of Honduras along the Mosquito Coast. The Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve is 5250 sqkm of preserved land in the La Mosquitia region on the Caribbean coast of Honduras. The reserve was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List in 1982. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Honduras has rain forests, cloud forests (which can rise up to nearly three thousand meters above sea level), mangroves, savannas and mountain ranges with pine and oak trees, and the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. A cloud forest, also called a fog forest, is a generally Tropical or Subtropical evergreen Montane moist forest characterized by a Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS also simply known as the Mesoamerican reef and often abbreviated MAR stretches from the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula In the Bay Islands there are bottlenose dolphins, manta rays, parrot fish, schools of blue tang and whale shark. Bay Islands may refer to Bay Islands (department, Honduras Bay Islands (Queensland, Australia See also The Bottlenose Dolphin is one of the most common and well-known Dolphins. The manta ray ( Manta birostris) is the largest of the rays, with the largest known specimen having been more than 7 Parrotfish are mostly tropical Perciform marine Fish of the family Scaridae. The whale shark, Rhincodon typus, is a slow filter feeding Shark that is the largest living Fish Species.

Infrastructure

Energy

The electricity sector in Honduras is characterized by the dominance of a vertically integrated utility (except for about half of the generation capacity) called ENEE ( Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica ); a failed attempt in 1994 to unbundle the sector into separate enterprises in charge of electricity generation and distribution; the increasing share of thermal generation over the past two decades; the poor financial health of the state utility ENEE; the imbalance between relatively high industrial and relatively low residential electricity tariffs; the high technical and commercial losses in transmission and distribution; and the low electric coverage in rural areas. Electricity supply and demand Installed capacity and expansion plans With an installed generation capacity of 1568 MW (2007 Honduras relies on a thermo-based Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. The ENEE ( Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica) is Honduras 's government owned and operated electrical power company operating within the Electricity Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of Electricity to end users The ENEE ( Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica) is Honduras 's government owned and operated electrical power company operating within the Electricity

Key challenges in the sector are:

Water supply and sanitation

Water supply and sanitation in Honduras varies greatly from urban centers to rural villages. Access Data about access to water supply and sanitation in Honduras vary depending on the source of information Larger population centers generally have modernized water treatment and distribution systems, however water quality is often poor due to lack of proper maintenance and treatment. Rural areas generally have basic drinking water systems with limited capacity for water treatment. Many urban areas have sewer systems in place for the collection of wastewater, however proper treatment of wastewater is scarce. In rural areas, sanitary facilities are generally limited to latrines and basic septic pits.

Water and sanitation services were historically provided by Servicio Autonomo de Alcantarillas y Aqueductos (SANAA). In 2003, a new "water law" was passed which called for the decentralization of water services. With the 2003 law, local communities have the right and responsibility to own, operate, and control their own drinking water and wastewater systems. Since passage of the new law, many communities have joined together to address water and sanitation issues on a regional basis.

Many national and international non-government organizations have a history of working on water and sanitation projects in Honduras. International groups include, but are not limited to, the Red Cross, Rotary Club, Catholic Relief Services, Water for People, CARE, CESO-SACO and SHH. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated Rotary International is an organization of Service clubs known as Rotary Clubs located all over the world Catholic Relief Services (CRS is the international humanitarian agency of the Catholic community in the United States CARE is one of the largest international relief and Humanitarian organizations in the world with programs in nearly 70 countries

In addition, many government organizations working on projects include: the European Union, USAID, the Army Corps of Engineers, Cooperacion Andalucia, the government of Japan, and many others. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the United States federal government organization responsible for most non- military The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel Japan no longer officially has the traditional Federal system, and its 47 prefectures, and prefectural and municipal assembly members are popularly elected for

Transport

A type of Honduran Police Cars
A type of Honduran Police Cars

Transportation in Honduras consists of the following infrastructure: 699 km of railways;[8] 13,603 km of roadways;[8] 7 ports and harbors; and 112 airports altogether (12 Paved, 100 unpaved). [8] Responsibility for policy in the transport sector rests with the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Housing (SOPRTRAVI after its Spanish acronym).

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Honduras
See also: Hondurans

According to the CIA World Factbook, Honduras has a population of 7. Demographics of Honduras The population of Honduras is 75 million Hondurans (Hondureños also es Catracho) are people inhabiting in originating or having significant heritage from Honduras. 48 million; 90% of the population is Mestizo, 7% Amerindian, 2% black and 1% white. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. [9]

Village in Copán
Village in Copán

90% of the Honduran population is Mestizo (a mixture of Amerindian and European ancestry). Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. About 7% of the Honduran population are members of one of the seven recognized indigenous groups. The Confederation of Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras (CONPAH) and the government of Honduras count seven different indigenous groups:

The confederation and each separate group of indigenous people have worked, since the 1980s, for bettering the life of the aboriginal peoples. Change, however, has been elusive as these peoples still face violence and discrimination.

About 2% of Honduras's population is black, or Afro-Honduran, and mainly reside on the country's Caribbean or Atlantic coast. The black population comes from a number of sources. Most are the descendants of the West Indian islands brought to Honduras as slaves and indentured servants. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Another large group (about 150,000 today) are the Garifuna, descendants of an Afro-Carib population which revolted against British authorities on the island of St. Vincent and were forcibly moved to Belize and Honduras during the eighteenth century. Garífunas are part of Honduran identity through theatrical presentations such as Louvavagu.

Honduras hosts a significant Palestinian community (the vast majority of whom are Christian Arabs). Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Palestinians arrived in the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, establishing themselves especially in the city of San Pedro Sula. The Palestinian community, well integrated in Honduras, is prominent in business, commerce, banking, industry, and politics. There is also an East Asian community that is primarily Chinese descent, and to a lesser extent Japanese. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan Korean, Ryukyuan, Vietnamese also make up a small percentage due to their arrival to Honduras as contract laborers in the 1980s and 1990s. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. The Vietnamese people (người Việt or vi ''người Kinh'' are an Ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. There are also an estimated 1000 Sumos (or Mayangnas) that live in Honduras, the majority of whom reside on the Caribbean coast. The Sumo (also known as Sumu or Mayangna) are a people that live on the eastern coasts of Nicaragua and Honduras, an area commonly known as the

Although Honduras is nominally Roman Catholic, membership in the Roman Catholic Church is declining while membership in Protestant churches is increasing. There are thriving Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Lutheran, Pentacostal and Mormon churches, and they are all growing rapidly. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity There are Protestant seminaries. Practitioners of the Buddhist, Jewish, Islamic, Bahá'í, Rastafari and indigenous denominations and religions exist. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafari, Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic, Abrahamic, New Testament Evangelicalism in particular is increasing in popularity.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) claims over 120,000 members in Honduras as of the beginning of 2007 (lds. org newsroom site).

Since 1975, emigration from Honduras has accelerated as job-seekers and political refugees sought a better life elsewhere. Although many Hondurans have relatives in Nicaragua, Spain, Mexico, El Salvador and Canada, the majority of Hondurans living abroad are in the United States. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Culture

The Cathedral of Comayagua
The Cathedral of Comayagua
Colonial architecture
Colonial architecture
See also: Culture of Honduras

The most renowned Honduran painter is Jose Antonio Velásquez. Comayagua is a city in Honduras, some 80 km northwest of Tegucigalpa on the highway to San Pedro Sula at 14 The wealth of cultural expression in Honduras owes its origins primarily to being a part of Latin America but also to the multi- Ethnic nature of the country Other important painters include Carlos Garay, and Roque Zelaya. Two of Honduras' most notable writers are Froylan Turcios and Ramón Amaya Amador. Ramón Amaya Amador ( April 29, 1916 &ndash November 24, 1966) is Honduras's most Others include Marco Antonio Rosa, Roberto Sosa, Lucila Gamero de Medina, Eduardo Bähr, Amanda Castro, Javier Abril Espinoza, and Roberto Quesada. This article refers to the Honduran poet for the Argentine footballer, see Roberto Sosa (footballer. Eduardo Bähr (b 1940 Tela Honduras) is a Honduran writer scriptwriter and actor Javier Abril Espinoza (Central America 1967 Honduran writer based in Switzerland. Some of Honduras' notable musicians include Rafael Coello Ramos, Lidia Handal, Victoriano Lopez, Guillermo Anderson, Victor Donaire, Francisco Carranza and Camilo Rivera Guevara.

Hondurans are often referred to as Catracho or Catracha (fem) in Spanish. Hondurans (Hondureños also es Catracho) are people inhabiting in originating or having significant heritage from Honduras. The word was coined by Nicaraguans and derives from the last name of the French Honduran General Florencio Xatruch, who, in 1857, led Honduran armed forces against an attempted invasion by North American adventurer William Walker. Nicaraguans ( Spanish: Nicaragüense; also Nica, Nicoya and Pinolero) are people inhabiting in originating or having significant heritage Florencio Xatruch ( October 21, 1811 - February 15, 1893) was a General who led the Honduran expeditionary force against William Walker ( May 8, 1824 &ndash September 12, 1860) was an American filibuster, adventurer and Mercenary The nickname is considered complimentary, not derogatory.

Honduras This Week is a weekly English language newspaper that has been published for seventeen years in Tegucigalpa. Honduras This Week is an English language weekly Saturday newspaper published in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. On the islands of Roatan, Utila and Guanaja the Bay Islands Voice has been a source of monthly news since 2003. Roatán, located between the islands of Útila and Guanaja ( is the largest of Honduras ' Bay Islands.

Honduran cuisine makes extensive use of coconut, in both sweet and savory foods, and even in soups. Honduran Cuisine combines the food of the indigenous Maya- Lenca population with Spanish food, Mexican food etc

In San Pedro Sula we can find the José Francisco Saybe theater, home of Círculo Teatral Sampedrano (Theatrical Circle of San Pedro Sula). San Pedro Sula is a city in Honduras. It is located in the northwest corner of the country in the Valle de Sula (Sula Valley about 60 km south of Puerto Cortés

Notable Hondurans

Celebrations

Sawdust Carpets of Comayagua During the Easter Celebrations
Sawdust Carpets of Comayagua During the Easter Celebrations

Some of Honduras's national holidays include Honduras Independence Day on September 15 and Children's Day or Dia del Niño, which is celebrated in homes, schools and churches on September 10; on this day children receive presents and have parties similar to Christmas or Birthday celebrations. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Some neighborhoods have piñatas on the street. Other holidays are Easter, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Day of the Soldier (October 3rd to celebrate the birth of Francisco Morazán), Christmas, El Dia de Lempira on July 20,[10] and New Year's Eve. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. In the Christian Liturgical calendar, Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday) is the feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" General José Francisco Morazán Quezada (mo-rah-thahn' He was a Central American Statesman, Lawyer, Orator, and a General born Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold New Year's Eve is on December 31, the final day of the Gregorian year and the day before New Year's Day. Honduras Independence Day festivities start early in the morning with marching bands. Each band wears different colors and features cheerleaders. Fiesta Catracha takes place this same day: typical Honduran foods such as beans, tamales, baleadas, yucca with chicharron, and tortillas are offered. On Christmas Eve, the people reunite with their families and close friends to have dinner, then give out presents at midnight. In some cities fireworks are seen and heard at midnight. On New Year's Eve there is food and "cohetes" or fireworks. Birthdays are also great events, and include the famous “piñata” which is filled with candies and surprises for the children invited. La Feria Isidra is celebrated in La Ceiba in the end of May A city located in the coast. La Ceiba is a port city on the northern coast of Honduras in Central America. It is usually called "The Friendship Carnaval". People from all over the world come for one week of festivities. Every night there is a little carnaval (carnavalito) in a neighborhood. Finally, on Saturday there is a big parade with floats and displays with people from Brazil, New Orleans, Japan, Jamaica, Barbados and many other countries. This celebration is also accompanied by the Milk Fair, where many Hondurans come to show of their farm products and animals.

Tela is a popular beach destination for Hondurans on holidays
Tela is a popular beach destination for Hondurans on holidays

Folklore

Legends and stories are paramount within the Honderus culture, Lluvia de Peces (Fish Rain) n example of this. Lluvia de Peces or Rain of Fish is a phenomenon that has been occurring for more than a century on a yearly basis in the country of Honduras. The legend of El Cadejo and La Ciguanaba (La Sucia) are also popular. The cadejo ( IPA pronunication /kaðexo/ is a character from Salvadoran, Nicaraguan, Costa Rican Honduran, Guatemalan and La Llorona (la ʝoˈɾona or approximately "lah yoh-ROH-nah" Spanish for "the crying woman" sometimes called the Woman in White or the

During the 1960s-70s and through mid 80s Honduras Radio Noticias (HRN), a local Honduran radio, was the only one which transmitted these folklore stories. The program was called "Cuentos y Leyendas de Honduras". This show was responsible for the diffusion of the folk stories in the country.

Sports

Football (soccer), is the most popular sport in Honduras. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Information on teams, competitions and players is available in the following articles:

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Environmental - Archeological Investigations in the Bay Islands, Spanish Honduras
  2. ^ Columbus's quote
  3. ^ [http://www.laprensa.hn/ediciones/2007/08/11/que_nadie_se_atreva_a_intentar_romper_el_orden_constitucional Que nadie se atreva a intentar romper el orden constitucional]
  4. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras
  5. ^ web.worldbank.org
  6. ^ Ports in CSI - CBP.gov
  7. ^ DHS: DHS and DOE Launch Secure Freight Initiative
  8. ^ a b c CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras
  9. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras
  10. ^ Honduras This Week Online June 1999

External links

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Dictionary

Honduras

-proper noun

  1. A country in Central America, officially the Republic of Honduras.
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