| Homo heidelbergensis Fossil range: Pleistocene |
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| †Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 |
Homo heidelbergensis ("Heidelberg Man") is an extinct species of the genus Homo which may be the direct ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis in Europe. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Homo is the Genus that includes modern humans and their close relatives The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from According to the "Recent Out of Africa" theory, similar "Archaic Homo sapiens" found in Africa (ie. In Paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans is one of two hypotheses of the origin of anatomically modern humans Homo sapiens sapiens Homo sapiens idaltu), existing in Africa as a part of the operation of the Saharan pump, and not the European forms of Homo heidelbergensis, are thought to be direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens idaltu is an extinct Subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160000 years ago in Pleistocene The Sahara Pump Theory explains how flora and fauna left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond to Europe and Asia Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Homo antecessor is likely a direct ancestor living 750,000 years ago evolving into Homo heidelbergensis appearing in the fossil record living roughly 600,000 to 250,000 years ago through various areas of Europe. Homo antecessor is an extinct Hominin and a potential distinct species dating from 1
Homo heidelbergensis remains were found in Mauer near Heidelberg, Germany and then later in Arago, France and Petralona, Greece. Mauer is a village in south western Germany. It is located between Heidelberg and Sinsheim in the Rhein-Neckar district in the state of Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The best evidence found for these hominins date between 400,000 and 500,000 years ago.
H. heidelbergensis stone tool technology was considerably close to that of the Acheulean tools used by Homo erectus. Acheulean (also spelled Acheulian,) is the name given to an Archaeological industry of Stone tool manufacture associated with prehistoric Hominins Homo erectus ( Latin: "upright man" is an extinct species of the genus Homo, believed to have been the first hominin The first fossil discovery of this species was made on October 21, 1907 and came from Mauer where the workman Daniel Hartmann spotted a jaw in a sandpit. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The jaw was in good condition except for the missing premolar teeth, which were eventually found near the jaw. The workman gave it to professor Otto Schoetensack from the University of Heidelberg, who identified and named the fossil. Otto Schoetensack (ˈʃoːtənzak July 12, 1850 - December 23, 1912) was a German industrialist and later professor of Anthropology The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg ( University of Heidelberg, Ruperto Carola, Heidelberg University, or simply Heidelberg) is a
Most current experts believe Rhodesian Man, found in Africa, to be within the group Homo heidelbergensis. Homo rhodesiensis is a possible Hominin species described from the fossil Rhodesian Man.
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Morphology and interpretations
Both H. antecessor and H. heidelbergensis are likely descended from the morphologically very similar Homo ergaster from Africa. Homo ergaster ("working man" is an extinct Hominid Species (or subspecies according to some authorities which lived throughout eastern But because H. heidelbergensis had a larger brain-case — with a typical cranial volume of 1100-1400 cm³ overlapping the 1350 cm³ average of modern humans — and had more advanced tools and behavior, it has been given a separate species classification. The species was tall, 1. 8 m (6 ft. ) on average, and more muscular than modern humans.
Evidence of hunting
Cut marks found on wild deer, elephants, rhinos and horses demonstrate that they were butchered, some of the animals weighed as much as 700 kg (1,500 lb) or possibly larger. A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. Rhinoceros (raɪˈnɒsərəs often colloquially abbreviated rhino, is a name used to group five extant species of Odd-toed ungulates in the family The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. During this era, now-extinct wild animals such as mammoths, European lions and Irish elk roamed the European continent. A mammoth is any Species of the Extinct Genus Mammuthus. These Proboscideans are members of the elephant family and The European lion ( Panthera leo europaea or Panthera leo tartarica) could be an extinct subspecies of Lion that inhabited southern Europe until The Irish Elk or Giant Deer, Megaloceros giganteus was a species of Megaloceros and one of the largest Deer that ever lived
Social behavior
In theory recent findings in Atapuerca also suggest that H. heidelbergensis may have been the first species of the Homo genus to bury their dead, but that is contested at this time. Some experts believe that H. heidelbergensis, like its descendant H. neanderthalensis acquired a primitive form of language. No forms of art or sophisticated artifacts other than stone tools have been uncovered, although red ochre, a mineral that can be used to create a red pigment which is useful as a paint, has been found at Terra Amata excavations in the south of France. Red ochre and yellow ochre (pronounced /'əʊkə/ from the Greek ὄχρος yellow are Pigments made from naturally tinted Clay.
Notable fossils
- Mauer 1
- Arago 21
- Steinheim Skull
- Ciampate del Diavolo
Boxgrove Man
In 1994 British scientists had unearthed a lower hominin tibia bone just a few kilometres away from the English Channel including hundreds of ancient hand axes at the Boxgrove Quarry site. Mauer 1 is a fossilized mandible and the type specimen of the species Homo heidelbergensis. The Steinheim skull is a Fossilized Skull of an archaic Homo sapiens or Homo heidelbergensis found in 1933 near Steinheim Ciampate del Diavolo ( Neapolitan: "Devil's Footprints" is the name of a locality near Roccamonfina (northern Campania, Italy) in The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Boxgrove Quarry is a gravel quarry and Lower Palaeolithic archaeological site at Boxgrove in the English county of West A partial leg bone is dated to 478,000 and 524,000 years old. Homo heidelbergensis was the early proto-human species that occupied both France and Great Britain at that time; both locales were connected by a landmass during that epoch. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model) relating Stratigraphy to time that is used by Geologists and other Prior to Gran Dolina, Boxgrove offered the earliest hominid occupants in Europe.
The tibia had been gnawed by a large carnivore, suggesting that he had been killed by a lion or wolf or that his unburied corpse had been scavenged after death [1].
Sima de los Huesos
In 1997, a Spanish team located more than 4,000 human bones dated to an age of at least 350,000 years old in the Sima de los Huesos site in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The fossil pit bones include a complete cranium and fragments of other craniums, mandibles, teeth, a lot of postcranial bones (femurs, hand and foot bones, vertebrae, ribs, etc. The femur is the thigh bone In Humans, it is the longest, most voluminous and strongest Bone. In Human anatomy, the vertebral column ( backbone or spine) is a column of 34 Vertebrae the Sacrum, Intervertebral ) and a complete pelvis. The pelvis (pl pelvises or pelves) or pelvic girdle is the irregular bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known The pit contains fossils of perhaps 28 individuals together with remains of bears and other carnivores. Nearby sites contain the only known Homo antecessor fossils. Homo antecessor is an extinct Hominin and a potential distinct species dating from 1
See also
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- List of hominina (hominid) fossils (with images)
References
- Sauer, A. This is a worldwide list of important and/or well-known localities where Fossils have been found The following charts give a brief overview of several notable Primate Fossil finds relating to Human evolution. (1985). Erläuterungen zur Geol. Karte 1 : 25 000 Baden-Württ. .
- Schoetensack, O. (1908). Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
- Weinert, H. (1937). "Dem Unterkiefer von Mauer zur 30-jährigen Wiederkehr seiner Entdeckung". Z. f. Morphol. u. Anthropol XXXVII (1): pp. 102-113.
External links
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