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For other uses, see Homo.
Homo
Skull of Homo neanderthalensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Subfamily: Homininae
Tribe: Hominini
Subtribe: Hominina
Genus: Homo
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

Homo sapiens
See text for extinct species. The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Humans and some extinct relatives as well as the Gorillas and the Chimpanzees It comprises Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that comprises humans ( Homo) Chimpanzees ( Pan) and their Extinct ancestors The more Anthropomorphic Primates of the Hominini tribe are placed in the Hominina subtribe Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus

Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and their close relatives. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The term Archaic Homo sapiens refers generally to the earliest members of the species Homo sapiens. The genus is estimated to be about 2. 5 million years old, evolving from Australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis. The term australopithecine refers to two very closely related genera within the Hominina subtribe of the Hominini tribe. Homo habilis (ˈhoʊmoʊ ˈhæbəlɪs ("handy man" "skillful person" is a Species of the genus Homo, which lived Appearance of Homo coincides with the first evidence of stone tools (the Oldowan industry), and thus by definition with the beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. A stone tool is in the most general sense any Tool made of stone. Oldowan (earlier spelled Olduwan or sometimes Oldawan) is an anthropological designation for an industrial complex of Stone tools used by The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

Extant Hominoid family tree
Extant Hominoid family tree

All species except Homo sapiens (modern humans) are extinct. Extant is a term commonly used to refer to Taxa (such as Species, genera or families) that are still in existence (living Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Homo neanderthalensis, traditionally considered the last surviving relative, died out 24,000 years ago while a recent discovery suggests that another species, Homo floresiensis, may have lived as recently as 12,000 years ago. The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Homo floresiensis ("Man of Flores " nicknamed Hobbit) is a possible Species in the Genus Homo

A minority of zoologists consider that the two species of chimpanzees (usually treated in the genus Pan), and maybe the gorillas (usually treated in the genus Gorilla) should also be included in the genus based on genetic similarities. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. Gorillas, the largest of the living Primates are ground-dwelling Herbivores that inhabit the Forests of Africa. Most scientists argue that chimpanzees and gorillas have too many anatomical differences between themselves and humans to be part of Homo. Given the large number of morphological similarities exhibited, Homo is closely related to several extinct hominin genera, most notably Kenyanthropus, Paranthropus and Australopithecus. Kenyanthropus platyops is a 35 to 32 million year old ( Pliocene) Extinct Hominin Species that was discovered in Lake Turkana The robust australopithecines, members of the Extinct Hominin genus Paranthropus (Greek para "beside" Greek anthropos "human" The Genus Australopithecus ( Latin australis "of the south" Greek πίθηκος pithekos "ape" As of 2007, there is no universally accepted recognition of which taxa Homo radiated from. A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to

The word homo is Latin for "man", in the original sense of "human being", or "person". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. *Mannaz or *Manwaz (ᛗ is the Proto-Germanic term for " Man " in the gender-neutral sense of "individual human being" The word "human" itself is from Latin humanus, an adjective cognate to homo, both derived from Proto-Indo-European language dhǵhem- "earth"[1]. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Cf. Hebrew adam, meaning "human", cognate to adamah, meaning "ground". The personal name Adam derives from the Hebrew noun ha adamah meaning "the ground" or "earth" A literal translation is "man of the (And cf. Latin humus, meaning "soil". )

Species

H. Homo antecessor is an extinct Hominin and a potential distinct species dating from 1 Homo heidelbergensis ("Heidelberg Man" is an Extinct Species of the Genus Homo which may be the direct ancestor The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Homo rhodesiensis is a possible Hominin species described from the fossil Rhodesian Man. Homo cepranensis is a proposed name for a Hominin species discovered in 1994 known from only one skull cap Homo georgicus is a species of Hominin that was suggested in 2002 to describe fossil skulls and jaws found in Dmanisi, Georgia Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Homo sapiens idaltu is an extinct Subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160000 years ago in Pleistocene Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis are closely related to each other and have been considered to be subspecies of H. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. sapiens, but analysis of mitochondrial DNA from Homo neanderthalensis fossils shows that H. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. neanderthalensis is more closely related to chimpanzees than H. sapiens is, thereby suggesting that H. sapiens is the more derived of the two. [1] H. rhodesiensis and H. cepranensis are also more closely related to each other than to the other species.

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Comparative table of Homo species
Species Lived when (MYA) Lived where Adult length (m) Adult mass (kg) Brain volume (cm³) Fossil record Discovery / publication of name
H. habilis 2. In Astronomy, Geology, and Paleontology, mya or " mya " is an abbreviation for "million years ago". Cranial capacity is a measure of the volume of the interior of the Cranium (also called the braincase or brainpan of those Vertebrates who have both a cranium and Homo habilis (ˈhoʊmoʊ ˈhæbəlɪs ("handy man" "skillful person" is a Species of the genus Homo, which lived 5–1. 5 Africa 1. 0–1. 5 30–55 660[2] many 1960/1964
H. rudolfensis 1. Homo rudolfensis is a Fossil Hominin Species discovered by Bernard Ngeneo, a member of a team led by anthropologist Richard 9 Kenya 1 skull 1972/1986
H. georgicus 1. Homo georgicus is a species of Hominin that was suggested in 2002 to describe fossil skulls and jaws found in Dmanisi, Georgia 8–1. 6 Georgia 600 few 1999/2002
H. ergaster 1. Homo ergaster ("working man" is an extinct Hominid Species (or subspecies according to some authorities which lived throughout eastern 9–1. 4 E. and S. Africa 1. 9 700–850 many 1975
H. erectus 2 – 0. Homo erectus ( Latin: "upright man" is an extinct species of the genus Homo, believed to have been the first hominin 03 [2] Africa, Eurasia (Java, China, Caucasus) 1. 8 60 850(early) – 1100(late)[2] many 1891/1892
H. cepranensis 0. Homo cepranensis is a proposed name for a Hominin species discovered in 1994 known from only one skull cap 8? Italy 1000 1 skull cap 1994/2003
H. antecessor 0. Homo antecessor is an extinct Hominin and a potential distinct species dating from 1 8–0. 35 Spain, England 1. 75 90 1000 3 sites 1997
H. heidelbergensis 0. Homo heidelbergensis ("Heidelberg Man" is an Extinct Species of the Genus Homo which may be the direct ancestor 6–0. 25 Europe, Africa, China 1. 8 60 1100–1400 many 1908
H. neanderthalensis 0. The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from 35–0. 03 Europe, W. Asia 1. 6 55–70 (heavily built) 1200–1700 many (1829)/1864
H. rhodesiensis 0. 3–0. 12 Zambia 1300 very few 1921
H. sapiens 0. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus 25–present worldwide 1. 4–1. 9 55–80 1000–1850 still living —/1758
H. sapiens idaltu 0. Homo sapiens idaltu is an extinct Subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160000 years ago in Pleistocene 16–0. 15 Ethiopia 1450 3 craniums 1997/2003
H. floresiensis 0. Homo floresiensis ("Man of Flores " nicknamed Hobbit) is a possible Species in the Genus Homo 10–0. 012 Indonesia 1. 0 25 400 7 individuals 2003/2004

References

  1. ^ Neanderthal DNA illuminates split with humans. NewScientist. com (2006-10-11). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
  2. ^ a b c Java Man, Curtis, Swisher and Lewin, ISBN 0349114730

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