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This page is about the physicist, Homi J. Bhabha. For the postcolonialist theorist, see Homi K. Bhabha. Postcolonialism ( postcolonial theory, post-colonial theory) is an intellectual discourse that holds together a set of theories found among the texts and This page is about the critical theorist Homi K Bhabha For the physicist see Homi J
Homi Jehangir Bhabha
Homi Jehangir Bhabha (1909-1966)
Homi Jehangir Bhabha (1909-1966)
Born 30 October 1909 (1909-10-30)
Bombay, India
Died 24 January 1966 (aged 56)
Mont Blanc, France
Residence Flag of India India
Nationality Flag of India Indian
Ethnicity Parsi (Guebre)
Fields Physicist
Institutions Cavendish Laboratories
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Atomic Energy Commission of India
Alma mater University of Cambridge
Doctoral advisor Paul Dirac
Ralph H. Fowler
Doctoral students B. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge 's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research The Atomic Energy Commission is a governing body functioning under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE, Government of India. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Sir Ralph Howard Fowler OBE FRS ( January 17 1889 &ndash July 28 1944) was a British Physicist and Astronomer V. Sreekantan
Known for Bhabha scattering
Religious stance Zoroastrianism

Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FRS (October 30, 1909 – January 24, 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist of Parsi-Zorastrian heritage who had a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India's nuclear program. Differential cross section To leading order the spin-averaged Differential cross section for this process is \frac{\mathrm{d} \sigma}{\mathrm{d} Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Bhabha was born into a prominent family, through which he was related to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Homi K Bhabha and Dorab Tata. Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit 1st Baronet ( 30 June 1823 &ndash 5 May 1901) Parsi entrepreneur and founder of the first textile mills Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan This page is about the critical theorist Homi K Bhabha For the physicist see Homi J Dorab Tata ( August 27, 1859 - June 3, 1932) was an Indian Industrialist and Philanthropist, and a key figure After receiving his early education at Bombay schools and at the Royal Institute of Science, he attended Caius College of Cambridge University to pursue studies in mechanical engineering. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. Gonville and Caius College Cambridge is a constituent College of Cambridge University, one of the world's most academically respected institutions The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the After taking the mechanical engineering Tripos, he pursued studies under Paul Dirac to complete the Mathematics Tripos. The University of Cambridge, England, divides the different kinds of honours Bachelor's degree by Tripos ( a word which has an obscure Meanwhile, he worked at the Cavendish Laboratory while working towards his doctorate in theoretical physics under R. H. Fowler. Sir Ralph Howard Fowler OBE FRS ( January 17 1889 &ndash July 28 1944) was a British Physicist and Astronomer During this time, he embarked on groundbreaking research into the absorption of cosmic rays and electron shower production. Afterwards, he published a string of widely-accepted papers on his theories regarding cosmic ray showers.

World War II broke out in September 1939 while Bhabha was vacationing in India. He chose to remain in India until the war ended. In the meantime, he accepted a position at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, headed by Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. This is a list of Nobel Prize Laureates awarded for their outstanding contributions to Humanitarian causes for Peace, work in Literature Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, FRS (சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன ( 7 November 1888 &ndash 21 November He established the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the institute, and began to work on the theory of the movement of point particles. A point particle (or point-like, often spelled pointlike) is an idealized object heavily used in Physics. In 1945, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay, and the Atomic Energy Commission of India three years later. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research The Atomic Energy Commission is a governing body functioning under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE, Government of India. In the 1950s, Bhabha represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and served as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation He later served as the member of the Indian Cabinet's Scientific Advisory Committee and set up the Indian National Committee for Space Research with Vikram Sarabhai. The Cabinet of ministers of the Government of India led by the Prime Minister of India is referred to as the Union Cabinet in India. The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR was set up in 1962 by the Indian Government under Dr Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai ( August 12, 1919 – December 31, 1971) was an Indian Physicist. In January 1966, Bhabha died in a plane crash near Mont Blanc, while heading to Vienna, Austria to attend a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Scientific Advisory Committee. Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its

Contents

Early life

Bhabha was born in Bombay to Jehangir Hormaji Bhabha, an Oxford-educated barrister, and Meherbai Framji Panday, a wealthy Parsi family living in Bombay, India Bhabha, at his birth, was directly linked to India's most prominent mercantile families. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial [1] Through his mother, Bhabha was the great-grandson of Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, a textiles entrepreneur noted for his philanthropic efforts,[2] and therefore distantly related by marriage to Muhammad Ali Jinnah through his second wife, Rattanbai Petit, who was the elder Petit's granddaughter. Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit 1st Baronet ( 30 June 1823 &ndash 5 May 1901) Parsi entrepreneur and founder of the first textile mills A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Rattanbai "Ruttie" Petit ("The Flower of Bombay" after marriage Maryam Jinnah ( February 20, 1900 - February 15, 1929 Through his father, Bhabha was the grandson of Hormusji Bhabha, CIE, the Inspector-General of Education in Mysore, and the nephew of Meherbai Hormusji, who was married to Dorab Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata. The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of Chivalry founded by Victoria in 1878 The Kingdom of Mysore/State of Mysore (ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ was both a Kingdom (1399-1799 CE and a Princely state (1799-1947 Dorab Tata ( August 27, 1859 - June 3, 1932) was an Indian Industrialist and Philanthropist, and a key figure Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata ( March 3, 1839 - May 19, 1904) was a pioneer in the field of modern Industry [3] He is also a distant relative of similarly named post-colonial theorist Homi K Bhabha. This page is about the critical theorist Homi K Bhabha For the physicist see Homi J [4]

Bhabha received his early education at Bombay's Cathedral Grammar School[1], which became the Cathedral and John Connon School in 1922 after merging with the John Connon School, run by the city's Scottish Education Society. The Cathedral & John Connon School is a prestigious Co-educational, Private school located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. He entered Elphinstone College at age 15 after passing his Senior Cambridge Examination with Honours. Elphinstone College is an institution of higher education affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The Senior Cambridge examinations were General Certificate of Education examinations held in Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, India, He then attended the Royal Institute of Science until 1927 before joining Caius College of Cambridge University, the alma mater of his uncle Dorab Tata. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. Gonville and Caius College Cambridge is a constituent College of Cambridge University, one of the world's most academically respected institutions The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval [2] His father and uncle Dorab planned for Bhabha to obtain an engineering degree from Cambridge and then return to India, where would join the Tata Iron and Steel Company in Jamshedpur. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Tata Steel, formerly known as TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited) is the world's 5th largest and India's largest steel company with an annual crude steel Jamshedpur ( जमशेदपुर in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkhand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji However, during his studies, Bhabha felt more of an interest in the field of mathematics, instead of engineering. In 1928, Bhabha wrote to his father, informing him of his mixed feelings about his intended specialty:

“ I seriously say to you that business or job as an engineer is not the thing for me. It is totally foreign to my nature and radically opposed to my temperament and opinions. Physics is my line. I know I shall do great things here. For, each man can do best and excel in only that thing of which he is passionately fond, in which he believes, as I do, that he has the ability to do it, that he is in fact born and destined to do it. My success will not depend on what A or B thinks of me. My success will be what I make of my work. Besides, India is not a land where science cannot be carried on. [1]

I am burning with a desire to do physics. I will and must do it sometime. It is my only ambition. I have no desire to be a 'successful' man or the head of a big firm. There are intelligent people who like that and let them do it. I hear you saying 'But you are not Socrates or Einstein'. SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of Education. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical No — and that is what Berlioz's father said to Berlioz. He called him a useless musician when he was young — Hector Berlioz who now accepted as one of the world's greatest geniuses and France's greatest musician. How can anybody else know at what time what one will do, if there is nothing to show. . . . It is no use saying to Beethoven 'You must be a scientist for it is great thing' when he did not care two hoots for science; or to Socrates 'Be an engineer; it is work of intelligent man'. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. It is not in the nature of things. I therefore earnestly implore you to let me do physics. [5]

 ”

Higher education and research at Cambridge

Bhabha's father understood his son's predicament, and he agreed to finance his studies in mathematics provided that he obtain first class on his Mechanical Sciences Tripos exam. The University of Cambridge, England, divides the different kinds of honours Bachelor's degree by Tripos ( a word which has an obscure Bhabha took the Tripos exam in June 1930 and passed with first class. [6] Afterwards, he embarked on his mathematical studies under Paul Dirac, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics who would later be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger in 1933 "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory",[7] while working as a research student in theoretical physics at the Cavendish Laboratory. The incumbent of the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics, the Lucasian Professor is the holder of a mathematical Professorship at the University of Cambridge The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Theoretical physics employs Mathematical models and Abstractions of Physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge 's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences [3] At the time, the laboratory was the center of a number of scientific breakthroughs. James Chadwick had discovered the neutron, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton transmuted lithium with high-energy protons, and Patrick Blackett and Giuseppe Occhialini used cloud chambers to demonstrate the production of electron pairs and showers by gamma radiation. Sir James Chadwick, CH (20 October 1891 &ndash 24 July 1974 was an English Physicist and Nobel laureate in physics awarded for his discovery of the This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. Sir John Douglas Cockcroft OM KCB CBE ( May 27, 1897 &ndash September 18, 1967) was a British physicist. Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 &ndash 25 June 1995 was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one Chemical element or Isotope into another which occurs through Nuclear reactions Natural transmutation occurs Lithium (ˈlɪθiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Li and Atomic number 3 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Baron Blackett OM CH FRS ( 18 November 1897 &ndash 13 July 1974) was an Giuseppe "Beppo" Occhialini ( December 5, 1907 in Fossombrone, Pesaro, Italy – December 30, 1993) The cloud chamber, also known as the Wilson chamber, is used for detecting particles of Ionizing radiation. lone pair is a (valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other Atoms They are found in the outermost Electron shell of an atom so lone pairs In Particle physics, a shower is a cascade of secondary particles produced as the result of a high- Energy particle interacting with dense matter [8] During the 1931–1932 academic year, Bhabha was awarded the Salomons Studentship in Engineering. In 1932, he obtained first class on his Mathematical Tripos and was awarded the Rouse Ball travelling studentship in mathematics. The Mathematical Tripos is the taught mathematics course at the University of Cambridge. Walter William Rouse Ball ( 14 August 1850 – 4 April 1925) was a British Mathematician, Lawyer and a fellow With the studentship, he worked with Wolfgang Pauli in Zürich, Enrico Fermi in Rome and Hans Kramers in Utrecht. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Hendrik Anthony Kramers ( Rotterdam, February 2, 1894 &ndash Oegstgeest, April 24, 1952) was a Dutch Physicist Utrecht ( city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. [3]

Research in theoretical physics

In January 1933, Bhabha published his first scientific paper, "Zur Absorption der Höhenstrahlung" (translates to "The Absorption of Cosmic Radiation"), in the German academic journal entitled Zeitschrift für Physik (Journal of Physics). An academic journal is a peer-reviewed Periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular Academic discipline is published The Zeitschrift für Physik (Journal of Physics was a German Academic journal published from 1920 until 1997 In the publication, Bhabha offered an explanation of the absorption features and electron shower production in cosmic rays. [9] The paper helped him win the Isaac Newton Studentship in 1934, which he held for the next three years. Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements The following year, he completed his doctoral studies in theoretical physics under Ralph H. Fowler. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Sir Ralph Howard Fowler OBE FRS ( January 17 1889 &ndash July 28 1944) was a British Physicist and Astronomer [6][10] During his studentship, he split his time working at Cambridge and with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen. Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city In 1935, Bhabha published a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which performed the first calculation to determine the cross section of electron-positron scattering. Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two Scientific journals published by the Royal Society. Electron-positron scattering was later named Bhabha scattering, in honor of his contributions in the field. Differential cross section To leading order the spin-averaged Differential cross section for this process is \frac{\mathrm{d} \sigma}{\mathrm{d} [8] In 1936, Bhabha collaborated with Walter Heitler to formulate a theory on cosmic ray showers. Walter Heinrich Heitler ( 2 January 1904 &ndash 15 November 1981) was a German physicist who made contributions to Quantum electrodynamics They conjectured that the showers were formed by the cascade production of gamma rays and positive and negative electron pairs. In this process, high energy electrons passing through matter would turn into high energy photons by means of the bremsstrahlung process. Bremsstrahlung ( pronounced, from German de ''bremsen'' "to brake" and de ''Strahlung'' "radiation" i The photons then produced a positive and negative electron pair, which then led to additional production of photons. This process continued until the energy of the particles went below a critical value. [9]

In 1936, the two published a paper, "The Passage of Fast Electrons and the Theory of Cosmic Showers" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which they used their theory to describe how primary cosmic rays from outer space interact with the upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at the ground level. Bhabha and Heitler then made numerical estimates of the number of electrons in the cascade process at different altitudes for different electron initiation energies. The calculations agreed with the experimental observations of cosmic ray showers made by Bruno Rossi and Pierre Victor Auger a few years before. Bruno Benedetto Rossi ( April 13 1905 &ndash November 21 1993) was a leading Italian - American experimental physicist Pierre Victor Auger ( May 14, 1899 &ndash December 25, 1993) was a French Physicist [9] Bhabha later concluded that observations of the properties of such particles would lead to the straightforward experimental verification of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In 1937, Bhabha was awarded the Senior Studentship of the 1851 Exhibition, which helped him continue his work at Cambridge until the outbreak of World War II in 1939. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [8]

In 1939, Bhabha went back to India for a brief holiday. In September, World War II broke out, and Bhabha decided not to return to England for the time being. [11] He accepted an offer to serve as the Reader in the Physics Department of the Indian Institute of Science, then headed by renowned physicist C. V. Raman. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, FRS (சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன ( 7 November 1888 &ndash 21 November He received a special research grant from the Sir Dorab Tata Trust, which he used to establish the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the institute. [12] Bhabha selected a few students, including Harish-Chandra, who would later serve as the IBM von Neumann Professor in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study, to work with him. Harish-Chandra ( 11 October 1923 - 16 October 1983) was an Indian -born American Mathematician The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton New Jersey, United States is a center for theoretical research [11]

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 20 March 1941. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. With the help of J. R. D. Tata, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay. Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata ( July 29, 1904 &ndash November 29, 1993) was a pioneer Aviator and important businessman of India The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research With the end of the World War II and Indian Independence, he received a commendation from Jawaharlal Nehru for his efforts towards peaceful development of atomic energy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party He established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. The Atomic Energy Commission is a governing body functioning under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE, Government of India. He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

Death and legacy

He died in the Air India Flight 101 air disaster near Mont Blanc in 1966. Air India Flight 101 was a scheduled Air India passenger flight that crashed into Mont Blanc in France on the morning of 24 January Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also [13] Conspiracy theories point to a sabotage intended at impeding India's nuclear program, but his death still remains a mystery.

After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC is India 's primary nuclear research facility Bhabha also encouraged research in electronics, space science, radio astronomy and microbiology. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Space science is an all-encompassing term that describes all of the various science fields that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding Radio astronomy is a subfield of Astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. Microbiology (from Greek grc μῑκρος mīkros, "small" grc βίος bios, " Life " and grc -λογία The famed radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiative, and it became a reality in 1970. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ooty, short for Ootacamund (officially Udhagamandalam Tamil: உதகமண்டலம் Bhabha has since become known as the "Father of India's Atomic Energy Programme". [14][15]

Selected publications

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Mahanti, Subodh. Homi Jehangir Bhabha. Vigyan Prasar. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  2. ^ a b Penney, p36.
  3. ^ a b c Mahanti, Subodh (2006-04-25). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Homi Jehangir Bhabha. Vigyan Prasar. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  4. ^ Interview with Sachidananda Mohanty.
  5. ^ Venkataraman, G. (1994). Bhabha and His Magnificent Obsessions. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India: Universities Press (India) Limited, p4. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ISBN 81-7371-007-4.  
  6. ^ a b Venkataraman, p5.
  7. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933. Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
  8. ^ a b c Penney, p39.
  9. ^ a b c Sreekantan, p45.
  10. ^ Sreekantan, p43.
  11. ^ a b Sreekantan, p46.
  12. ^ Venkataraman, p6.
  13. ^ Parthasarathy, K. S. . "Dr Homi Bhabha - a great visionary", The Tribune, 2001-10-25. The Tribune, now published from Chandigarh, New Delhi, Jalandhar and Bathinda started publication on February 2 1881 in Lahore Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted  
  14. ^ Mirchandani, G. G. (1975). Reporting India. New Delhi, India: Abhinav Publications, p114.  
  15. ^ Sreekantan, p42.

External links

Persondata
NAME Bhabha, Homi Jehangir
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Indian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH 30 October 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Mumbai
DATE OF DEATH 24 January 1966
PLACE OF DEATH
India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.
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