The Palace of Holyroodhouse, or informally Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence of the Kings and Queens of Scotland since the 15th century. David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; b Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Palace stands in Edinburgh at the bottom of the Royal Mile. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The Royal Mile is the popular name for the succession of streets which form the main thoroughfare of Edinburgh's Old Town. The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence in Scotland of Queen Elizabeth II, who spends time at the Palace at the beginning of the summer. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II
Holyrood is an anglicisation of the Scots Haly Ruid (Holy Cross). Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern
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Abbey
- Main article: Holyrood Abbey. Holyrood Abbey is a ruined Augustinian Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.
The ruined Augustinian Abbey that is sited in the grounds was built in 1128 at the order of King David I of Scotland. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or It has been the site of many royal coronations and marriage ceremonies. The roof of the abbey collapsed in the 18th century, leaving it as it currently stands, a ruin.
The Abbey was adapted as a Chapel for the Order of the Thistle by King James VII (and II of England), but was subsequently destroyed by a mob. The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an Order of chivalry associated with Scotland. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James In 1691 the then-new Kirk of the Canongate replaced the Abbey as the local parish church, where today the Queen attends services when in residence at the Palace. The Kirk of the Canongate - or Canongate Kirk - serves the Parish of Canongate in Edinburgh 's Old Town, in Scotland
Palace
In the 15th century a guesthouse stood on the site of the present north range of the Palace, west of the Abbey and its cloister. Many of Scotland's medieval Kings stayed here before the palace’s construction, and by the late 15th century Holyrood was a royal residence in all but name; not only was James II born at Holyrood in 1430, it was in Holyrood that he was crowned, married and laid to rest. James II of Scotland ( October 16 1430, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh &ndash August 3 1460) reigned as King of Scots Between 1498 and 1501, James IV constructed a new building, with Holyrood becoming a palace in the true sense of the word. James IV ( 17 March 1473 &ndash 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure.
The palace was built around a quadrangle, situated west of the abbey cloister. It contained a chapel, gallery, royal apartments, and a great hall. The chapel occupied the present north range of the Great Quadrangle, with the Queen’s apartments occupying part of the south range. A third range to the west contained the King’s lodgings and the entrance to the palace. He also oversaw construction of a two storey gate house, fragments of which survive in the Abbey Courthouse. James V added to the palace between 1528 and 1536, beginning with the present north-west tower. James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death In this tower are the famous suite of rooms once occupied by Mary, Queen of Scots.
The wooden ceilings of the main rooms are from Mary’s time and the monograms MR (Maria Regina) and IR (Jacobus Rex) refer to Mary and her son, James VI. The Royal Standard of Scotland, also known as the Royal Standard of the King of Scots or more commonly the Lion Rampant was the flag used historically by the For other monarchs' standards see Royal Standard. The Royal Standard of the United Kingdom is the Flag used by James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Shields commemorating Mary’s marriage to Francis II of France are believed to have been carved in 1559 but put in their present position in 1617. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born The suite contains an audience chamber and the Queen's bedroom, leading from which are two turret rooms. It was in the northern turret room, on March 9, 1565, that the infamous murder of David Rizzio took place in Mary's presence. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. David Rizzio, sometimes written as David Riccio or David Rizzo (c In later centuries, tourists were often convinced that they could see his blood stains on the floor.
After James VI became King of England in 1603 and moved to London, the palace was no longer the seat of a permanent royal court. The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry. James visited it again in 1617 as did Charles I in 1633, when he was crowned King of Scotland in Holyrood Abbey. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution.
In 1650, either by accident or design, the palace was fired during the visit of Oliver Cromwell and his soldiers. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Cromwell had the palace rebuilt, but his rebuilding was pulled down and Charles II had the palace re-constructed in its present form between 1671 and 1679 by Sir William Bruce. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Sir William Bruce of Kinross 1st Baronet ( Circa 1630 &ndash 1 January 1710 was a Scottish Gentleman - Architect, "the effective James VII and II lived at Holyrood between 1679 and 1682 while still Duke of York, in the aftermath of the Exclusion crisis. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James The Exclusion Bill Crisis ran from 1678 through 1681 in the reign of Charles II of England.
After 1707, the Palace was used during the elections of Scottish representative peers. Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In the United Kingdom, representative peers were individuals elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to represent them Bonnie Prince Charlie held court at Holyrood for five weeks during the 1745 Jacobite Rising, and following the French Revolution, George III allowed Louis XVI's youngest brother, the Comte d'Artois to live at Holyrood. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated After their second exile, the French royals lived at Holyrood again from 1830 until 1832 when they moved to Austria. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
In modern times, monarchs have spent at least one week every year formally holding court in the Palace in Edinburgh. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The present Queen still uses it when she is in Scotland for State occasions (on non-State occasions, she stays at Balmoral). Balmoral Castle is a large Estate house situated in the area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland known as Royal Deeside. Its use has increased substantially since the setting up of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, with various members of the Royal Family, notably Prince Charles and Princess Anne often staying there. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) At one time it was thought that a member of the Royal Family, widely expected to be the Princess Royal (who has strong Scottish connections) may well become a full-time royal resident in the Palace, representing the Queen; however, this has not come to fruition, and the idea was probably no more than a rumour or fanciful thought by some. At the Palace the Queen meets and appoints the First Minister of Scotland. The First Minister of Scotland (Prìomh Mhinistear na h-Alba First Meinister o Scotland is the head of the devolved Scottish During the British presidency of the European Union a meeting of the European Council took place here. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union.
During times when neither the Queen nor another member of the Royal Family is in residence, it is open to the public.
The Queen's Gallery is located within the Palace complex, while the new Scottish Parliament Building is located across the road from the palace. The Queen's Gallery is an Art gallery in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Scottish Parliament Building (Pàrlamaid na h-Alba is the home of the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, within the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Architectural historian Dan Cruickshank selected the Palace as one of his eight choices for the 2002 BBC book The Story of Britain's Best Buildings. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Dan Cruickshank (born 26 August, 1949) is an architectural historian and Television presenter currently working for the BBC The year 2002 in literature involved some significant events and new books Britain's Best Buildings is a BBC documentary series in which Dan Cruickshank chooses the finest examples of British architecture [1]
Big Royal Dig
The Palace of Holyroodhouse was one of three Royal sites excavated over four days by the Time Team of archaeologists led by Tony Robinson, on 25th-28th August 2006. Time Team is a British television series that has aired on Channel 4 since 1994 Dr Tony Robinson (born 15 August 1946 in Leytonstone, London) is an English Actor, broadcaster and In the United Kingdom, Channel 4 devoted an evening programme to each day's findings and also followed the whole dig live on More4, together with a simulcast on the internet. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began More4 is a Digital television channel produced by United Kingdom broadcaster Channel 4, that launched on 10 October 2005. Simulcast is a Portmanteau of " simul taneous broad' cast' " and refers to programs or events broadcast across more than one
Timed to help celebrate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, along with many other events ongoing throughout 2006, this marked the 150th dig conducted by Time Team. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Time Team is a British television series that has aired on Channel 4 since 1994 For the first time, the Queen gave permission for trenches to be dug in the Garden of Buckingham Palace, as well as in Windsor Castle, and the Palace of Holyroodhouse. Buckingham Palace Garden or to give it its full title "The Garden at Buckingham Palace" is the garden situated at the rear of Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of The Big Royal Dig is an example of the Queen opening up her homes for greater access to the public, as she did during her Golden Jubilee Weekend in 2002 and throughout 2006 for her 80th birthday. The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the fiftieth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II 's accession to the throne
The archaeologists had an unprecedented opportunity to probe the geophysics and history of three royal residences over a four-day period, with teams working concurrently in the three locations.
Part of the cloister of Holyrood Abbey, running in line with the existing ruined Augustinian Abbey built in 1128 by King David I of Scotland, was unearthed. A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture Holyrood Abbey is a ruined Augustinian Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; b Also the square tower of the lost palace of James IV was discovered. James IV may refer to James IV of Majorca (circa 1336-1375 King of Majorca James IV of Scotland (1473-1513 Duke of Rothesay Unfortunately they did not locate the real tennis court of his granddaughter, Mary Queen of Scots. Real tennis is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of lawn tennis or Tennis, is descended (This had been targeted near "Queen Mary's Bath-house", a building on the periphery of Holyroodhouse. )
Notably, they found an area of reddened earth, where Henry VIII had ordered the palace to be burned when chagrined at the Scots' refusal to marry the infant Mary Stuart (later Mary Queen of Scots) to his son Edward (later Edward VI). Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine
Among the objects found at Holyroodhouse were a seal matrix, used to stamp the wax seal on correspondence or documents, and a 1634 double tournois coin The archaeologists also targeted the mound in the garden of Holyroodhouse, where Queen Elizabeth II played as a girl. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II
The Keeper of Holyroodhouse
A measure of the importance of Holyroodhouse is the status of its Keeper, who was appointed to oversee the Palace in the absence of the court. There were various grants of the office of Keeper of Holyroodhouse until 1646 when King Charles I conferred it heritably on the 1st Duke of Hamilton, whose descendants have retained it ever since. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. James Hamilton 1st Duke of Hamilton ( June 19, 1606 &ndash March 9, 1649) Scottish nobleman and Civil war General The Dukedom of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created in 1643 the holder is the premier peer of Scotland. The post is one of the Great Offices in the Royal Household in Scotland, and indeed the private ducal apartments cover a larger area of the palace than the state ones. In the United Kingdom, the Great Officers of State are traditional Crown ministers who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely As well as his own deputy, the Keeper still appoints the Bailie of Holyroodhouse, who is responsible for law and order within the Holyrood Abbey Sanctuary. Bailiff (from Late Latin baiulivus, Adjectival form of baiulus) is a Governor or Custodian (cf The High Constables of Holyroodhouse are responsible to the Keeper.
There was formerly a separate Keeper of Holyrood Park, which surrounds Holyroodhouse, and the title was held on an hereditary basis by the Earls of Haddington. Holyrood Park (also called Queen's Park, and formerly King's Park) is a royal park in central Edinburgh, Scotland. Earl of Haddington is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1627 for the noted Scottish lawyer and judge Thomas Hamilton 1st Earl of Melrose. This was purchased by the Crown and the office extinguished in 1843 after disputes over the Keeper's right to allow quarrying within the Park.
See also
- Holyrood (disambiguation page)
- Historic Scotland (Executive agency of the Scottish Government responsible for Holyrood Abbey). Historic Scotland is an Executive agency of the Scottish Government, responsible for historic monuments in Scotland. An executive agency, also known as a next-step agency, is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate in order to carry out some The Scottish Government (SG ( Scottish Gaelic: Riaghaltas na h-Alba) is the executive arm of the government of Scotland. Holyrood Abbey is a ruined Augustinian Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.
External links
- The Royal Residences: The Palace of Holyroodhouse
- Holyrood Sanctuary
- Channel4.com - Big Royal Dig
- Edinburgh Architecture - The Royal Mile
- holyroodhouse.com - An historical timeline of The Palace of Holyroodhouse
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