Holyrood Abbey is a ruined Augustinian Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The abbey (which is sited in the grounds of the Royal Palace of Holyroodhouse, which it predates) was built in 1128 at the order of King David I of Scotland. The Palace of Holyroodhouse, or informally Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; b
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Etymology of name
"Rood" is an old word for "cross", usually meaning the crucifixion cross of Jesus; thus the name is equivalent to "Holy Cross. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) " A legend relates that King David I got into difficulties hunting in the woods and was saved by a stag with an illuminated cross between its horns, then vowed to build a church on the spot. The name is more commonly pronounced as Holly-rood as well as the less commonly used Holy-rood.
The legend of the founding of the Abbey
In 1127, while King David I was hunting in forests near Edinburgh, he suddenly found himself in danger from the antlers of a hart. The Palace of Holyroodhouse, or informally Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. Two brothers, Johannes and Gregan from the Barony of Crawford in Upper Strathclyde, saved the King. Crawford Castle, substantially in ruins is located on the north bank of the River Clyde, around half a mile north of Crawford, South Lanarkshire, Grateful, he knighted the brothers and founded Holyrood Abbey the following year. From that day forward, that branch of the Crawford family adopted the crest of a buck's head erased with a cross of gold between the antlers to commemorate the founding of the Abbey. This family also adopted the motto Tutum Te Robore Reddam for "Our strength will give you safety. " This crest was adopted by Clan Crawford after 1700 when this branch of the family ascended to the Chiefship through marriage into the existing Chief's lineage. Clan Crawford is a Scottish clan recognised by the Court of the Lord Lyon, which is the Heraldic authority of Scotland.
Usage and ruin
Since the fifteenth century, it has been the site of many royal coronations and marriage ceremonies. It also suffered from a number of attacks. During "The Rough Wooing" by Henry VIII of England, Edward Seymour as Earl of Hertford plundered the abbey in 1544, then as Protector Somerset led a raid causing great damage to the buildings. The Rough Wooing was a term coined by Sir Walter Scott and H E Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in King James VII established a College of Jesuits in Holyroodhouse and had the Abbey converted in May 1688 to become a Roman Catholic chapel for the Order of the Thistle, with the Protestant congregation being moved to the new Kirk of the Canongate, then in November of that year when the Glorious Revolution brought in William III of Orange the people of Edinburgh broke in to plunder the kirk and the royal burial vaults. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an Order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The Kirk of the Canongate - or Canongate Kirk - serves the Parish of Canongate in Edinburgh 's Old Town, in Scotland The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" In 1691 the Kirk of the Canongate replaced the Abbey as the local parish church. Restoration work included the roof of the abbey being rebuilt in 1758, but the roof collapsed in a hurricane in 1768, leaving it as it currently stands, a ruin. [1][2]
Holyrood Abbey Church (Dalziel Place, Edinburgh)
There is still a Church of Scotland congregation named Holyrood Abbey, however this congregation uses a late-Victorian church building at Dalziel Place (with Dalziel pronounced dee-ell – because of the letter yogh) at the junction of Marionville Road and London Road, some distance from the old Holyrood Abbey. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Not to be confused with the unrelated ʒ. For the rune transcribed as ȝ, see Gyfu. The church building was opened in December 1900 as Abbeyhill United Free Church.
Following the Disruption of 1843 in the Church of Scotland, part of the congregation of the Kirk of the Canongate left to form Holyrood Free Church. The Disruption of 1843 was a Schism within the established Church of Scotland, in which 450 ministers of the Church broke away over the issue of the Church's The Kirk of the Canongate - or Canongate Kirk - serves the Parish of Canongate in Edinburgh 's Old Town, in Scotland A new building was constructed in front of the Palace of Holyroodhouse. This congregation united with Abbeyhill United Free Church in 1915, henceforth using the Dalziel Place church buildings. The United Free Church of Scotland united with the Church of Scotland in 1929, the congregation henceforth being known as Holyrood Abbey Church. The United Free Church of Scotland (or ‘UF Church’ is a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The building was extensively upgraded in 2006-2007.
Today, the Holyrood Abbey Church of Scotland congregation is well-known in Edinburgh for its Conservative Evangelical theology and tradition of expository preaching, developed by the Reverend James Philip MA (the congregation's former minister 1958-1997). Expository preaching (also referred to as systematic exposition) is a form of Preaching that expounds upon the meaning of a particular text or passage of Scripture In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs Mr Philip was a friend of the Rev William Still, minister at Gilcomston South Church in Aberdeen from 1945 until 1997, the pioneer of expository preaching in the Church of Scotland. Gilcomston South Church is a congregation in the Church of Scotland. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The current minister is the Rev Philip Hair BD. See: Holyrood Abbey Church website
The former Holyrood United Free Church building adjacent to the Palace was used for many years as a storeroom, but in 2003 was extensively renovated and reopened as "The Queen's Gallery" for art exhibitions from the Royal Collection. The Queen's Gallery is an Art gallery in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Royal Collection is the art collection of the British Royal Family.
References
- ^ Palace of Holyroodhouse & Mary, Queen of Scots. Retrieved on 2007-08-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ Reformation Scotland - Abbey and Palace of Holyroodhouse. Retrieved on 2007-08-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- Crawfurd, George, "History of the Shire of Renfrew," Alexander Weir Publisher, Paisley, Scotland, 1782.
- Crawfurd, George, "Peerage of Scotland, Account of Nobility," George Stewart Publisher, Glasgow, Scotland, 1716.
See also
- Holyrood (disambiguation page)
- Abbeys and priories in Scotland
- Abbot of Holyrood, for a list of abbots and commendators
- Kirk of the Canongate
External links
- Holyrood Abbey - site information from Historic Scotland
- Catholic Encyclopedia's article on the abbey
- Holyrood Abbey Church, Dalziel Place
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