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Holden Statesman
2006 Holden WM Caprice
Manufacturer Holden
Parent company General Motors
Also called Buick Royaum
Buick Park Avenue
Chevrolet Caprice
Daewoo L4X
Daewoo Statesman
Holden Caprice
Production 1990–present
Assembly Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia
Predecessor Statesman
Class Full-size
Body style(s) 4-door sedan
Platform FR GM V (1990–2006)
FR GM Zeta (2006–present)
Related Bitter Vero
For automobiles built by General Motors–Holden's Ltd from 1971 to 1984 under the Statesman marque, see Statesman (automobile). The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division The Chevrolet Caprice and Caprice Classic were full-sized Automobiles produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors in the United Elizabeth is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Statesman was an automotive Marque created by General Motors-Holden's (GMH the Australian subsidiary of General Motors in 1971 Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories or do not fit well into any A full-size car is a Marketing term used in North America for an Automobile larger than a Mid-size car. Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production while others are of historical interest only An automobile platform is a shared set of common design engineering and production efforts as well as major components over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of See also GM V platform (FWD The V platform, or V-body, Automobile platform name was used twice by General Motors. Zeta was the original name for General Motors ' full-size Rear-wheel drive Automobile platform. Bitter was produced in Germany and later Austria. The founder Erich Bitter a former race car driver turned automobile tuner importer and ultimately designer Statesman was an automotive Marque created by General Motors-Holden's (GMH the Australian subsidiary of General Motors in 1971

The Holden Statesman and Caprice are a series of full-size luxury vehicles produced by the Australian General Motors division of Holden since 1990. A full-size car is a Marketing term used in North America for an Automobile larger than a Mid-size car. Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury &mdash that which is beyond strict necessity &mdash in exchange for increased cost to the buyer General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Between 1971 and 1984, General Motors marketed their long-wheelbase sedans under the Statesman marque. Statesman was an automotive Marque created by General Motors-Holden's (GMH the Australian subsidiary of General Motors in 1971 The Statesman and Caprice are essentially long-wheelbase variants of the Commodore range, and as of 2006, are the largest rear-wheel drive sedans offered by General Motors. In both road and rail Vehicles the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels The Holden Commodore is an Automobile manufactured by the Holden division of General Motors (GM in Australia and formerly in New Zealand Internationally, Statesmans and Caprices are sold as Buicks, Chevrolets and Daewoos. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea.

The main difference between the Statesman and the Caprice lies within their equipment packages; Caprices are powered by V8 engines rather than V6s, and are fully specified version of their Statesman siblings. A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders Appearance wise, Caprices can be distinguished by their unique exterior trim and grille. A grille (French word from Latin craticula, small grill is an opening of several slits side by side in a wall or metal Traditionally, the Statesman along with the Caprice have been direct rivals to the Ford Fairlane and LTD correspondingly. See also Ford Fairlane (North American The Ford Fairlane is a large luxury Automobile which was built by Ford Australia See also Ford Fairlane (North American The Ford Fairlane is a large luxury Automobile which was built by Ford Australia However, the 2008 discontinuation of the Fairlane and LTD has ceased such traditions.

Contents

First generation (1990–1999)

1990–1991 Holden VQ Caprice
1990–1991 Holden VQ Caprice

VQ

Main article: Holden VQ Statesman

In 1990, demand for a full-size luxury sedan in Australia saw Holden resurrect the Statesman and Caprice names on a long-wheelbase version of its Holden VN Commodore, which in turn was a heavily revised and enlarged Opel Omega A. The Holden VQ Statesman and Caprice were Holden 's top of the line luxury sedans produced between 1990-1994 The Holden VN Commodore was the sixth model of the Holden Commodore, a Full-size car produced by the Australian automotive marque Holden. There was also an Oldsmobile Omega, an unrelated vehicle that was produced during the 1970s and 1980s The Opel Omega was an Executive car Given the model designation VQ, the car was built on the chassis of the VN Commodore station wagon. A chassis (plural "chassis" (ˈʃæːsiː ˈtʃæːsiː consists of a framework that supports an inanimate object analogous to an Animal 's A station wagon (or simply wagon) in American, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand usage and an estate car (or just estate [1] It differed in length by approximately 110 millimetres in comparison to the short-wheelbase models. [2]

Holden made many efforts to distinguish the Statesman from the Commodore, with a formal grille and a very different glasshouse reminiscent of contemporary GM products such as the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, all while incorporating the doors and lights from the lower models. A grille (French word from Latin craticula, small grill is an opening of several slits side by side in a wall or metal The Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme was a mid-size car produced by General Motors for the American market Both Statesman and Caprice models were offered and were equipped with independent rear suspension, one year before its introduction on higher-end Commodores. Independent suspension is a broad term for any Automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same Axle to move vertically (i [3] Also in 1991, Holden introduced the Series II VQ models. The Caprice ushered the introduction of anti-lock brakes as standard, however it was optional on the Statesman. An anti-lock braking system, or ABS (from the German, A nti' b' lockier' s' ystem) is a safety system on Motor vehicles The Commodore's 127 kilowatt (170 hp) 3. 8 litre 3800 V6 engine was now standard on the Statesman, with the old 5. The Buick V6, initially marketed as Fireball at its introduction in 1962 is a large V6 engine used by General Motors. A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders 0 litre V8 reserved for the Caprice, becoming an option on the Statesman. A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other [4] Both powerplants are mated with a four-speed THM700R4 automatic transmission. Turbo-Hydramatic is the registered tradename of a family of Automatic transmissions developed and produced by General Motors. An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto" is an Automobile Gearbox that can change Gear ratios automatically as the vehicle [5]

VR

The VR followed in 1994, following the model change of the standard Commodore and incorporating their engineering improvements as well as sheet metal changes. The updated running gear included a new electronically controlled version of the GM 4L60-E automatic transmission, and the latest revision of the Buick 3.8 litre V6 engine. The 4L60-E (and similar 4L65-E) is a series of Automatic transmissions from General Motors. An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto" is an Automobile Gearbox that can change Gear ratios automatically as the vehicle The Buick V6, initially marketed as Fireball at its introduction in 1962 is a large V6 engine used by General Motors. [6] The engine now featured rolling-element bearings in the valve rocker arms, increasing compression ratios from the VQ II series engine. A rolling-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces Generally referred to within the Internal combustion engine of automotive marine motorcycle and reciprocating aviation engines the rocker arm is a reciprocating lever [7] These changes combined to deliver an increase in power to 130 kilowatts (174 hp) and further improvement in Noise, Vibration, and Harshness levels. Noise Vibration and Harshness, also known as Noise and Vibration abbreviated to NVH and N&V respectively is the name given to the field of measuring and modifying the noise and vibration [8] In terms of equipment, a driver's air bag became standard on both the Statesman and Caprice. An airbag is part of a vehicle's safety restraint system a flexible envelope designed for rapid inflation in an automobile Collision, to prevent vehicle occupants [5]

For the VR series, Holden no longer used separate model designations for its Statesman and Caprice. Instead, they adopted the same two-letter title as the Commodore. This same principal applied for the VS models, but not for those succeeding it.

VS

1995–1996 Holden VS Caprice
1995–1996 Holden VS Caprice

The 1995 VS saw the introduction of the updated Ecotec (Emissions and Consumption Optimisation through TEChnology) version of the Buick V6 engine which coincided with the changes to the engine in the United States. ECOTEC ( E missions C ontrol O ptimisation TEC hnology) is a General Motors trademark that refers to a series of emissions technologies The Buick V6, initially marketed as Fireball at its introduction in 1962 is a large V6 engine used by General Motors. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [9] The Ecotec engine packed 13 percent more power, an increase of 17 kilowatts (23 hp) over the VR, and increased the compression ratio from 9. The compression ratio is a single number that can be used to predict the performance of any engine particularly piston engines (but can be used on essentially any Internal-combustion 0:1 to 9. 4:1. Holden mated the new engine with a modified version of the GM 4L60-E automatic transmission, bringing improved throttle response and smoother changes between gears. The 4L60-E (and similar 4L65-E) is a series of Automatic transmissions from General Motors. An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto" is an Automobile Gearbox that can change Gear ratios automatically as the vehicle [10] Series II and III revisions came in September 1996 and June 1998, with the Series II heralding the introduction of the L67 Supercharged V6. The Buick V6, initially marketed as Fireball at its introduction in 1962 is a large V6 engine used by General Motors. This engine slotted in between the existing V6 and V8 engines in the lineup and was officially rated at 165 kilowatts (221 hp), just 3 kilowatts (4 hp) below the V8. [11] A special edition Statesman International was briefly offered in 1995,[12] with the Caprice becoming the donor car for the HSV Grange. The term special edition ( deluxe edition and collector's edition are also used is a term generally used as a Marketing incentive for various kinds of products The HSV Grange is a luxury performance sedan manufactured by HSV with the Australian Automobile company of Holden a subsidiary [13]

For the Statesman, Holden included the ten-stack Compact Disc player from the VR Caprice as standard, with a new two-stage door remote standard across the range. A Compact Disc player (often written as compact disc player) or CD player, is an electronic device which plays audio Compact Discs CD players are often The remote, located on the key fob allows for just the driver's door to be unlocked. A key fob is a generally decorative and at times useful item many people often carry with their keys, on a ring or a chain for ease of tactile identification to provide a Safety-wise, a passenger airbag was introduced as standard in the VS range, following the introduction of a driver's airbag on the VR series. [9] The Used Car Safety Ratings, undertaken by the Monash University Accident Research Centre, found that first generation Statesmans (VQ–VS) provide an "average level" of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident. Monash University is a Public university based in Melbourne, Australia. [14]

Second generation (1999–2006)

WH

The next WH followed two years after the launch of the all-new VT Commodore in 1997. The Holden VT Commodore, released in 1997 was the tenth model of the Holden Commodore, a Full-size car built by Holden, the Australian subsidiary [15] With the release of the WH series in 1999 Holden returned to a standalone model designation, rather than adopting the same identity belonging to the short-wheelbase Commodore. Models followed much the same pattern as the previous car: a standard Statesman, a special edition Statesman International, and the Caprice. [16] The doors and front windscreen were again shared with the mainstream Commodore. The windshield or windscreen of an Aircraft, Automobile, Bus, Motorcycle, or Tram is the front Window Engines were a 3. 8 litre V6 Ecotec unit, a supercharged version of the same, and the 5. 7 litre Generation III V8, rated at 220 kilowatts (295 hp). The LS series is a new design intended as the only V-8 engine utilized in General Motors ' line of RWD cars and trucks [15] A Series II revision in 2001 brought a five kilowatt (7 hp) power increase for the Ecotec V6 bringing it up to 152 kilowatts (204 hp). [17] Since the WH, which was engineered for right- and left-hand drive, the Statesman has been exported to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Caprice, following the same model changes as the Holden. Right-hand traffic and left-hand traffic mean regulations requiring all traffic to keep either to the left or the right side of the Road. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Chevrolet Caprice and Caprice Classic were full-sized Automobiles produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors in the United [18]

Compared to the previous model, stability has been improved through the use of wider tracks and a longer wheelbase. The use of self-levelling rear suspension brings advantages when hauling heavy loads and improves vehicle dynamics when towing. Vehicle dynamics refers to the dynamics of Vehicles here assumed to be ground vehicles [19] Safety in the WH model was also enhanced, with the addition of side air bags and pyrotechnic seat belt pretensioners as standard. The term "pyrotechnics" can also be used for Fireworks events A seat belt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a Safety harness designed to secure the occupant of a Vehicle against harmful movement that may result from If the seat belt pretensioners trigger, the doors automatically unlock and both engine and fuel pump shut down. "Fuel pump" should not be confused with Fuel dispenser, a device that dispenses fuel into an automobile [20]

WK

A revised WK series was launched in 2003, with a facelift. The curvaceous front and rear end styling of the WH was abandoned in favour of angular lines, starting with the headlights borrowed from the VY Calais. The Holden VY Commodore is the twelfth model of the Holden Commodore range produced by Holden between September 2002 and August 2004 From the rear, the redesigned taillights were now separated by sheet metal, rather than being joined with a horizontal strip of plastic. Sheet metal is simply Metal formed into thin and flat pieces It is one of the fundamental forms used in Metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety [21] The redesign had the after effect of lowering the WK's drag coefficient to 0. The drag coefficient ( Cd, Cx or Cw) is a Dimensionless quantity that describes how streamlined an 30. [22] Other changes came in the form of revised bumpers, wheel trims, with the interior dashboard and centre console receiving a major overhaul. An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part ostensibly designed to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle's frame or safety systems A dashboard, dash, and sometimes fascia (chiefly in British English) is a control panel located under the Windshield of an Automobile The center console ( British English: centre console) in an Automobile refers to the control-bearing surfaces in the center of the front of the Vehicle Powertrains carried over from the previous model, but the Generation III V8 engine was now rated at 235 kilowatts (315 hp) for the Statesman and 245 kilowatts (329 hp) for the Caprice. For the UK engine manufacturer see Powertrain Ltd. In a Motor vehicle, the term drivetrain, powertrain or powerplant The LS series is a new design intended as the only V-8 engine utilized in General Motors ' line of RWD cars and trucks [21] Other engineering changes were made to the structural integrity of the car. The reinforced front flooring and sills gives the upshot of a 70 percent reduction in lower limb injuries in offset frontal crash tests at 60 km/h (30 mph). [22]

Feature wise, the Statesman now offered standard front parking sensors and optional satellite navigation, with the Caprice receiving the latter as standard along with a dual screen DVD entertainment system for the rear passengers. Parking sensors are a technology that allows the driver of an Automobile, Truck, or Commercial vehicle to be alerted to nearby objects in their path Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage This page relates to a Hardware device used to play DVDs For the Apple Software program, see DVD Player (Apple. When reversing, the passenger wing mirror faces downwards the ground to assist the driver when parking, thus preventing the risk of damaging the wheels on the kerb. A wing mirror (or side mirror is a mirror found on motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver see areas behind and A curb or kerb (see spelling differences) is the edge where a raised pavement/sidewalk/footpath, Road median, or Road shoulder [23] The Used Car Safety Ratings found that WH/WK Statesmans provide a "significantly better than average" level of occupant protection in the event of an accident. [14]

2004-2007 Holden WL Caprice
2004-2007 Holden WL Caprice

WL

Released in 2004, the WL brought with it an all-new 3. 6 litre Alloytec V6 engine, succeeding the old Ecotec unit. The 3600 LY7 (and derivative LP1) are members of General Motors ' new High Feature (or HFV6) engine family of modern DOHC Power and torque figures were rated at 190 kilowatts (255 hp) and 340 newton metres (251 ft·lbf), respectively, while the Statesman's optional V8 was the 245 kilowatt (329 hp) version from the WK Caprice, with the WL Caprice's engine obtaining a further 5 kilowatts (7 hp). A torque (τ in Physics, also called a moment (of force is a pseudo- vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about The V8 retains the four-speed GM 4L60-E automatic transmission, while the Alloytec V6 versions receive a new five-speed GM 5L40-E automatic. The 4L60-E (and similar 4L65-E) is a series of Automatic transmissions from General Motors. An automatic transmission (commonly "AT" or "Auto" is an Automobile Gearbox that can change Gear ratios automatically as the vehicle The 5L40-E (and similar 5L50) are a series of Automatic transmissions from General Motors. Several new safety features were added to the WL lineup. Such include brake assist, electronic brakeforce distribution, Electronic Stability Program and LED tail lamps. Brake Assist (BA or BAS) is a generic term for an Automobile braking technology that increases braking pressure in an emergency situation Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD is an Automobile Brake technology that automatically varies the amount of Force applied to each of Electronic stability control ( ESC) is a computerized technology that improves the safety of a vehicle's handling by detecting and preventing skids The new LED lamps give an additional five metres of warning to following motorists travelling at 110 km/h (68 mph) because they illuminate in 60 nanoseconds, compared to 1000 for conventional incandescent light bulbs. The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is a source of electric Light that works by Incandescence, (a general [24]

In 2005, General Motors began exporting the Statesman to China, where it was badged as the Buick Royaum. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Royaum was initially equipped with the 3. 6 litre Alloytec engine fitted to the Statesman, however a 155 kilowatt (208 hp) 2. 8 litre version of the same followed later in the year. [25] South Korean exports also began in 2005, with the same engines. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː They were sold through the GM Daewoo network and marketed as the Daewoo Statesman. GM Daewoo Auto & Technology ( GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu Incheon, South Korea. [26]

Third generation (2006–present)

2006–2007 Holden WM Caprice
2006–2007 Holden WM Caprice

WM

Main article: Holden WM Statesman

The third generation WM was launched alongside the VE Commodore on July 16, 2006 at the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre. For a complete overview of all Statesman models see Holden Statesman. The Holden VE Commodore is the fourteenth and current model of the Holden Commodore, a Full-size car produced by Holden, the Australian subsidiary Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre is the name for two buildings on opposite sides of the Yarra River in Southbank, a suburb of the Melbourne With the Statesman's export plans, it was decided that its launch should be simultaneous with that of the Commodore, rather than months later, as had been the convention. [27] Like the second generation model, the Statesman is exported to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Caprice. It will also be exported to South Korea as the Daewoo L4X in late 2008. In China, complete knock down kits are exported and assembled there as the Buick Park Avenue, using some locally sourced parts. For other uses of the abbreviation see CKD Complete knock down (CKD, is a complete kit needed to assemble a vehicle The Buick Park Avenue is a Full-size car built by General Motors and sold by its Buick division [28]

The WM development programme reportedly cost General Motors AU$190 million with another $1. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas 04 billion devoted to the VE Commodore model which the Statesman is based upon. [29] The WM series utilises the GM Zeta platform developed by Holden. Zeta was the original name for General Motors ' full-size Rear-wheel drive Automobile platform. Unlike previous models, the WM no longer shares its architecture with an Opel sedan,[30] and has rear doors different to those found on the Commodore. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. [31] Previously, it had to share the doors, or at least the lower parts, with the lesser Commodore. This is just one of the ways Holden has tried to create greater differentiation between the Statesman and the Commodore on which it is based. [32]

Notes

  1. ^ Robinson (2006), p. 26
  2. ^ Compare Two Vehicles: 1988 Holden Commodore Executive and 1990 Holden Statesman. Red Book. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  3. ^ Morely, David (2005-09-23). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Holden Statesman 1990-1994. Fairfax Media. Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  4. ^ Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 45
  5. ^ a b Morely, David (2007-09-29). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Holden Statesman. The Age. The Age is a Broadsheet daily Newspaper, which has been published in Melbourne, Australia since 1854 Fairfax Media. Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
  6. ^ NRMA Car Review - Holden Statesman VR. NRMA (October 1994). NRMA refers to either of two historically-related Australian companies The National Roads and Motorists' Association, known as NRMA Motoring and Services is a member-owned Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  7. ^ Holden Commodore VR. MyHolden. com. au. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  8. ^ Smith, Graham (2002-09-06). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started 1993 Holden VR Commodore. Herald Sun. The Herald Sun is a morning Tabloid Newspaper based in Melbourne, Australia News Limited. News Limited was the principal holding for the business interests of Rupert Murdoch until the formation of News Corporation in 1979 Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  9. ^ a b NRMA Car Review - Holden Statesman VS. NRMA (October 1995). NRMA refers to either of two historically-related Australian companies The National Roads and Motorists' Association, known as NRMA Motoring and Services is a member-owned Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  10. ^ Holden Commodore VS. Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  11. ^ Holden Commodore VS. MyHolden. com. au. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  12. ^ Holden Statesman / Caprice VS Series 1995 - June 1999. The Unofficial Holden Commodore Archive. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  13. ^ HSV Commodore VS. Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  14. ^ a b Used Car Safety Ratings 2007 (PDF). Monash University. Monash University is a Public university based in Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
  15. ^ a b John, Wright (2003-11-07). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Playing the long game. Fairfax Media. Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  16. ^ Limited Edition Statesman International Has Exclusive Appeal. AutoWeb. Web Publications (2000-05-26). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  17. ^ Compare Two Vehicles: 1999 Holden Statesman and 2001 Holden Statesman. Red Book. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  18. ^ Holden Announces Next Stage Of $1 Billion Export Drive. AutoWeb. Web Publications (1999-09-08). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  19. ^ NRMA Car Review - Holden Statesman WH. NRMA (August 1999). NRMA refers to either of two historically-related Australian companies The National Roads and Motorists' Association, known as NRMA Motoring and Services is a member-owned Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  20. ^ Car review - Holden Statesman V8 sedan. GoAuto. John Mellor (2001-04-02). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
  21. ^ a b Holden launches new 2003 Statesman. WebWombat. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  22. ^ a b Bulmer, Ged (May 2003), “245 kW Caprice”, Wheels magazine (Australian Consolidated Press): 17 
  23. ^ Butler, Glenn (2003-08-01). Wheels magazine is an Australian Automotive Magazine published monthly by ACP Magazines. ACP Magazines (ACP a member of the PBL Media group is an Australian media company that was founded in 1933 Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Holden WK Statesman/Caprice (2003-2004). CarPoint. ninemsn. ninemsn is an Australian 50/50 joint venture between Microsoft and PBL Media. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  24. ^ Hawley, Jonathan (September 2004). "WL Statesman & Caprice". Wheels magazine: 61–62. Wheels magazine is an Australian Automotive Magazine published monthly by ACP Magazines. ACP Magazines. ACP Magazines (ACP a member of the PBL Media group is an Australian media company that was founded in 1933  
  25. ^ Newton, Bruce (2004-12-20). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Holden’s China deal confirmed. GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  26. ^ Minister introduces flagship Holden to South Korea. GM Holden (2005-06-01). GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  27. ^ Robinson (2006), p. 13
  28. ^ Holden Secures Chinese Export Deal: Local Large Car Industry Fights On. WebWombat (2007-04-18). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  29. ^ McCarthy, McKay, Newton, Robinson (2006), p. 117
  30. ^ Robinson (2006), p. 34–35
  31. ^ McCarthy, McKay, Newton, Robinson (2006), p. 118
  32. ^ Alina, Simona (2006-09-04). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself 2007 Holden WM Statesman. TopSpeed. Retrieved on 2007-10-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople

References

External links

Official sites:

Unofficial sites:

The Internet Movie Cars Database (IMCDb is similar to IMDb but instead of showing the list of Actors and crew it shows various cars in films television
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