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Hofkirche interior
Hofkirche interior

The Hofkirche (Court Church) Innsbruck, Austria, is a Gothic church built 1553–1563 by Ferdinand I as a memorial to his grandfather Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459–1519),[1] whose cenotaph within boasts a remarkable collection of German Renaissance sculpture. Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere It also contains the tomb of Andreas Hofer, Tirol's national hero. Andreas Hofer ( November 22, 1767 – February 20 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and patriot. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East [2]

Although Maximilian's will had directed that he be buried in the castle chapel in Wiener Neustadt, it proved impractical to construct there the large memorial whose plans he had supervised in detail, and Ferdinand I as executor planned construction of a new church and monastery in Innsbruck for a suitable memorial. Wiener Neustadt (Bécsújhely is a town located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, Austria. In the end, however, Maximilian's simple tomb remained in Wiener Neustadt and the Hofkirche serves as a cenotaph.

Contents

Church

Choirstalls and altar
Choirstalls and altar

The church, at Universitätsstrasse 2, was designed by architect Andrea Crivelli of Trento, in the traditional German form of a hall church that consists of three naves with a setback three-sided choir, round and pointed arch windows, and a steep crippled hip roof. Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many A hall church is a church with Nave and side Aisles of approximately equal height often united under a single immense roof In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the Its layered buttresses reflect compromise of contemporary Renaissance design with German late Gothic style. A buttress is an architectural structure built against (a counterfort) or projecting from a Wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall Stonemasons Hieronymus de Longhi and Anton de Bol carved the fine Renaissance portal. The interior contains galleries, high slender colonnettes of red marble with white stylized Corinthian capitals, and a lectern. The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman Architecture, characterized The gallery's original ribs made from sandstone from Mittenwald have been preserved, but after the main vault was damaged by earthquake in the 17th century, it was rebuilt in the baroque style. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Mittenwald is a German town in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc

The high altar seen today was designed in 1755 by the Viennese court architect Nicolaus Pacassi, and decorated with a crucifixion by the Viennese academic painter Johann Carl Auerbach, and bronze statues of saints Francisco and Theresa by Innsbruck court sculptor Balthasar Moll (1768). Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from The Renaissance organ (1560) is by Jörg Ebert of Ravensburg, and described locally as one of the five most famous organs in the world. Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg. Domenico Pozzo from Milan painted the organ panels. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy.

A side chapel, the Silver Chapel, was consecrated in 1578. It contains a silver altar to Mary incorporating three elephant tusks and three hundred kilos of ebony, and the tombs of Archduke Ferdinand II and his wife Philippine Welser (both by Alexander Colin). Alexander Colyn (also spelt Colin or Colins (1527/29 Mechelen, Belgium – 1612 Mechelen Flemish Sculptor.

Cenotaph

Maximilian's cenotaph
Maximilian's cenotaph

Emperor Maximilian's ornate black marble cenotaph occupies the center of the nave. Florian Abel, of the Prague imperial court, supplied a full-sized draft of the high tomb in the florid style of court Mannerism. Mannerism is a period of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. Its construction took more than 80 years; the sarcophagus itself was completed in 1572, and in 1584 its final embellishments were added (the kneeling emperor, four virtues, and iron grille).

Trento mason Hieronymus Longi directed construction of the tomb proper. It consists of a base of the Hagau marble, a bronze relief frieze of trophies (vases, suit of armor, weapons, shields, musical instruments etc. Hagău may refer to several villages in Romania: Hagău, a village in Cătina Commune Cluj County Hagău ), and above that two rows of white marble reliefs. The 24 reliefs were created by the artist Alexander Colin, based on woodcuts from the "The Triumphal Arch ("Ehrenpforte") by Albrecht Dürer, with four stone bas-reliefs each on the tomb's ends, and eight on its longer sides. Alexander Colyn (also spelt Colin or Colins (1527/29 Mechelen, Belgium – 1612 Mechelen Flemish Sculptor. For the origins of the technique and non-artistic use see Woodblock printing; for the related technique invented in the 18th century see Wood engraving The Triumphal Arch (also known as the Arch of Maximilian I, in German: Ehrenpforte Maximilians I Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture They depict events from Maximilian's life as follows:

Marble relief
Marble relief

The tomb is enclosed within a fine wrought iron grille created by Jörg Schmidhammer of the Prague court, based on a drawing by the Innsbruck painter Paul Trabel, and capped with statues of the four virtues and kneeling emperor cast in Mühlau from models by Alexander Colin. King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Bianca Maria Sforza ( April 5, 1472 &ndash December 31, 1510) was the daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona Řezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany Kufstein is a city in Tyrol, Austria, located along the river Inn, in the lower Inn valley near the border with Bavaria, Germany, The Battle of the Spurs or Battle of Guinegate took place on August 16, 1513. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Thérouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. For the town in Germany see Mühlau Germany. Mühlau is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau

Statues

Duke Leopold III
Duke Leopold III
King Arthur
King Arthur

The cenotaph is surrounded by 28 large bronze statues (200 - 250 cm) of ancestors, relatives and heroes. Their creation took place over between 1502-1555, and occupied a number of artists including the painters Christian Amberger, Albrecht Dürer, Jörg Kölderer, Jörg Polhamer the elder, and Ulrich Tiefenbrunn, and sculptors Hans Leinberger, Leonhart Magt, and Veit Stoß. Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker Three of the statues are based on designs by Dürer. The statues are as follows:

The gallery contains 23 small statues (66 - 69 cm) of the Hapsburg patron saints. Frederick IV Duke of Further of Austria, also known as Frederick of the Empty Pockets ( 1382 - June 24, 1439) was the Habsburg Albrecht I of Habsburg (July 1255 &ndash May 1, 1308) sometimes named as Albert I, was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria Godfrey of Bouillon (c 1060 Boulogne-sur-Mer &ndash 18 July 1100, Jerusalem) was a medieval knight who was a leader of the First They were designed by court painter Jörg Köldere around 1514/15, and carved into wood and then wax by Leonhard Magt. The church also once contained a number of busts of Roman emperors; 20 are now displayed in Schloß Ambras and one is in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich. The Ambras Castle (Schloss Ambras is located in Innsbruck, Austria. The Bavarian National Museum (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich is one of the most important cultural history museums in Europe Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.

Andreas Hofer tomb

Andreas Hofer tomb
Andreas Hofer tomb

Andreas Hofer, Tirol's national hero, is also buried within the church. Andreas Hofer ( November 22, 1767 – February 20 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and patriot. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Sculptor Johann Nepomuk Schaller made his statue; Josef Klieber created the relief of the "Fahnenschwur" (Swearing on the flag) based on a sketch by Josef Martin Schärmer.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Hofkirche website
  2. ^ Hofkirche (Court Church), Innsbruck

References

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