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For the SS division with the nickname Hitlerjugend see; 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
The Hitler Youth (German: Hitler-Jugend , abbreviated HJ) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the The early timeline of Nazism begins with its origins in 1896 and continues until Hitler's rise to power. Hitler's rise to power began with Hitler's NSDAP as a fringe political party within the government of the Weimar Republic. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers This article gives an overview about Religion in Nazi Germany and the Nazis ' complex and sometimes contradictory relationship with religion The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July The Nuremberg Rally (officially Reichsparteitag, meaning national party convention was the annual rally of the NSDAP (Nazi Party in the years 1923 to 1938 in Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938 The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, Nazism developed several theories concerning races They claimed to scientifically measure a strict hierarchy among "human race " at the top was the " Nordic race Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the Historians and biographers note some difficulty in attributing the political beliefs of Adolf Hitler. The National Socialist Program, also referred to as the 25-point program or 25-point plan was developed to formulate the party policies of first the Austrian German Historians political scientists and even philosophers have studied Nazism with a specific focus on its Religious or semi-religious aspects Nazi propaganda is the term that describes the psychologically powerful Propaganda within Nazi Germany, much of which was centered around Jews consistently Nazi architecture was an architectural plan and integral part of the Nazi party 's plans to create a Cultural and Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. Nazism developed several theories concerning races They claimed to scientifically measure a strict hierarchy among "human race " at the top was the " Nordic race The racial policy of Nazi Germany refers to the policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the so-called " Aryan race " and Nazi eugenics were Nazi Germany 's race-based social policies that placed the improvement of the race through Eugenics at the center of their The Doctors' Trial (officially United States of America v Karl Brandt et al Nazi human experimentation was a series of controversial medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners by the German Nazi regime in its Concentration The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after The Parti national social chrétien was a Canadian Political party formed by Adrien Arcand in February 1934. The German American Bund or German American Federation (German Amerikadeutscher Bund) was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s The Hungarian National Socialist Party was a political epithet adopted by a number of minor Nazi parties in Hungary before the Second World War. Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian for "National Gathering" or "National Unification" hereafter abbreviated as NS was a fascist party in Norway The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist National Socialist Bloc (in Swedish: Nationalsocialistiska Blocket) was a Swedish national socialist Political party formed in the Disambiguation you may be looking for the National Socialist Party (UK, a left-wing organisation The National Socialist League was a short lived political movement Danmarks Nationalsocialistiske Arbejderparti (National Socialist Workers’ Party of Denmark or DNSAP, was the largest Danish Nazi party before and during The Ossewabrandwag ("Oxwagon Sentinel" (OB was a nationalist Afrikaner organisation in South Africa, founded in Bloemfontein on February The Arrow Cross Party ( Hungarian: Nyilaskeresztes Párt – Hungarista Mozgalom, literally "Arrow Cross Party-Hungarist Movement" was a Far-right For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: This is a list of words terms concepts and Slogans that were specifically used in Nazi Germany. The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, This article describes semi-religious developments of Nazism after 1945 The völkisch movement is the German interpretation of the populist movement with a romantic focus on Folklore and the "organic" A list of Nazi Party (NSDAP leaders and officials. A Gunter d'Alquen - Chief Editor of the SS official Between 1925 and 1945 the German SS grew from a mere eight members to over a quarter of a million Waffen-SS and well over a million Allgemeine-SS members In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 It existed from 1922 to 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The HJ was the second oldest paramilitary Nazi group, founded one year after its adult counterpart, the Sturmabteilung (the SA). The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers
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Origins
The Hitler Youth was originally established in 1922 as the Jungsturm Adolf Hitler . Based in Munich, Bavaria, it served to train and recruit future members of the Sturmabteilung (or "Storm Regiment"), the adult paramilitary wing of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP, the German Nazi Party. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945
Following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch (in 1923), the Hitler Youth was ostensibly disbanded but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in small units under assumed names. The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed Coup d'état that occurred between the evening of Thursday November 8 Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was formally re-established in early 1926, a year after the Nazi Party itself had been reorganized. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The architect of the re-organisation was Kurt Gruber, a law student and admirer of Hitler from Plauen, Saxony. Kurt Gruber (born 21 October 1904 in Syrau, Vogtland; died 24 December 1943 in Dresden) was a Nazi Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately He fused together several of the clandestine youth groups to form an embryonic national organisation. It was called the Großdeutsche Jugendbewegung or GDJB (Greater German Youth Movement).
After a short power struggle with a rival organization - Gerhard Roßbach's Schilljugend - Gruber prevailed and his Greater German Youth Movement became the Nazi Party's official youth organization. Gerhard Roßbach ( February 28, 1893 &ndash August 30[[ 967]] was a German Freikorps leader and organizer of nationalist groups after World The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 In July 1926, it was renamed Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend (Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth) and, for the first time, officially became an integral part of the Sturmabteilung. The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers
By 1930, the Hitler-Jugend had enlisted over 25,000 boys aged fourteen and upwards. It also set up a junior branch, the Deutsches Jungvolk, for boys aged ten to fourteen. The Deutsches Jungvolk (German Youth was a subdivision of the Hitler Youth for boys aged 10 to 14 Girls from ten to eighteen were given their own parallel organisation, the Bund Deutscher Mädel (or BDM), the League of German Girls, or, the League of German Maidens. The League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel or BDM was the only female youth organization in Nazi Germany.
In April 1932, the Hitler Youth was banned by Chancellor Heinrich Brüning in an attempt to stop widespread political violence. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Dr Heinrich Brüning ( ( November 26, 1885 &ndash March 30, 1970) was a German Politician during the Weimar Republic But by June the ban was lifted by his successor, Franz von Papen as a way of appeasing Hitler whose political star was ascending rapidly. (29 October 1879 2 May 1969 was a German nobleman Catholic monarchist Politician, General Staff officer and Diplomat
A further significant expansion drive started in 1933, when Baldur von Schirach became the first Reichsjugendführer (Reich Youth Leader), pouring much time and large amounts of money into the project. Baldur Benedikt von Schirach ( May 9, 1907 &ndash August 8, 1974) was a Nazi youth leader later convicted of being a War criminal Reichsjugendführer was the highest paramilitary rank of the Hitler Youth.
Doctrine
The HJ were viewed as future "Aryan supermen" and were indoctrinated in anti-Semitism. The " Aryan race " is a concept in European culture that was influential in the period of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility One aim was to instill the motivation that would enable HJ members, as soldiers, to fight faithfully for the Third Reich. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The HJ put more emphasis on physical and military training than on academic study. With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual [1]
After the boy scout movement was banned through German-controlled countries, the HJ appropriated many of its activities, though changed in content and intention. Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide Youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical mental and spiritual For example, many HJ activities closely resembled military training, with weapons training, assault course circuits and basic strategy. Some cruelty by the older boys toward the younger ones was tolerated and even encouraged, since it was believed this would weed out the unfit and harden the rest. Cruelty can be described as indifference to Suffering, and even positive Pleasure in inflicting it
The HJ wore uniforms very like those of the SA, with similar ranks and insignia. The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers The ranks and insignia of the Sturmabteilung ( SA) were the first paramilitary rank system to be developed by the Nazi Party in 1920
Organization
The HJ was organized into corps under adult leaders, and the general membership comprised boys aged fourteen to eighteen. From 1936, membership of the HJ was compulsory for all young German men. The HJ was also seen as an important stepping stone to future membership of the elite Schutzstaffel (the SS). The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Members of the HJ were particularly proud to be bestowed with the single Sig Rune (victory symbol) by the SS. Sig is the name given by Guido von List for the Sigel or s Rune of the Armanen Futharkh, and is also used by Karl Maria Wiligut The SS utilized two Sig Runes as their mark, and this gesture served to symbolically link the two groups.
The HJ was organized into local cells on a community level. Such cells had weekly meetings at which various Nazi doctrines were taught by adult HJ leaders. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Regional leaders typically organized rallies and field exercises in which several dozen Hitler Youth cells would participate. The largest HJ gathering usually took place annually, at Nuremberg, where members from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally.
The HJ maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools. In English language usage in the former British Empire, the present-day Commonwealth, a preparatory school (usually abbreviated to prep school They were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders, and only the most radical and devoted HJ members could expect to attend.
The HJ also maintained several corps designed to develop future officers for the Wehrmacht. Wehrmacht (literally "defense force" was the name of the unified Armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945 The corps offered specialist pre-training for each of the specific arms for which the HJ member was ultimately destined. The Marine Hitler Youth, for example, was the largest such corps and served as a water rescue auxiliary to the Kriegsmarine. The Kriegsmarine (English "War navy" was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945 during the Nazi regime superseding the
The flags of the HJ
The basic unit of the Hitler Youth was the Bann, the equivalent of a military regiment. Of these Banne, there were more than 300 spread throughout Germany, each of a strength of about 6000 youths. Each unit carried a flag of almost identical design, but the individual Bann was identified by its number, displayed in black on a yellow scroll above the eagle's head. The flags measured 200 cm long by 145 cm high. The displayed eagle in the center was adopted from the former Imperial State of Prussia. In its talons it grasped a white coloured sword and a black hammer. These symbols were used on the first official flags presented to the HJ at a national rally of the NSDAP in August 1929 in Nürnberg. The sword was said to represent nationalism, whereas the hammer was a symbol of socialism. The poles used with these flags were of bamboo topped by a white metal ball and spear point finial.
The flags carried by the HJ Gefolgschaft, the equivalent of a company with a strength of 150 youths, displayed the emblem used on the HJ armband: a tribar of red over white over red, in the centre of which was a square of white standing on its point containing a black swastika. The Gefolgschafts flag measured 180 cm long by 120 cm high with the three horizontal bars each 40 cm deep. In order to distinguish both the individual Gefolgschaft and the branch of HJ service to which the unit belonged, each flag displayed a small coloured identification panel in the upper left corner. The patch was in a specific colour according to the HJ branch. For example, there was a light-blue patch, a white Unit number, and a white piping reserved for the Flieger-HJ, or Flying-HJ. The flagpoles were of polished black wood and had a white metal bayonet finial.
 Bannfahne for the Hitler-Jugend |
 HJ Gefolgschafts Flag |
 DJ Jungbann Flag |
 DJ Fähnlein Flag |
The flags for the Deutsches Jungvolk (DJ)
The Deutsches Jungvolk (DJ) was the junior branch of the HJ, for boys aged 10 to 14. DJ Jungbann flags generally followed the same style as those of the HJ. The differences were: the DJ flag had an all-black field; the DJ-eagle was the negative of the HJ-eagle (white with a black swastika); the scroll above the eagle's head was in white with the unit number in black; and the sword, hammer, beak, talons, and left leg of the eagle were in silver-grey colour. The flags eventually measured 165 cm long by 120 cm high. The flagpoles were of black polished wood topped with a white-metal spearhead-shaped finial. It displayed on both sides an eagle bearing on its breast the HJ diamond.
In contrast, the DJ Fähnlein flag was of a very simple design. It displayed a single runic S in white on an all-black field. The Fähnlein number appeared on a white patch sewn to the cloth in the top left-hand corner. It was piped in silver and had black unit numbers. The size was 160 cm long by 120 cm high. The flagpoles were of polished black wood with a white metal unsheathed bayonet blade.
Membership
The HJ was originally Munich-based only. In 1923, the organization had a little over one thousand members. In 1925, when the Nazi Party had been refounded, the membership grew to over 5,000. Five years later, national HJ membership stood at 25,000. By the end of 1932 (a few weeks before the Nazis came to power) it was at 107,956. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. At the end of 1933, the HJ had 2,300,000 members. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Much of these increases came from the more or less forcible merger of other youth organizations with the HJ. (The sizable Evangelische Jugend, the Evangelical youth organisation of 600,000 members, was integrated on February 18, 1934). [2]
By December 1936, HJ membership stood at just over five million. That same month, HJ membership became mandatory, under the Gesetz über die Hitlerjugend law. This legal obligation was re-affirmed in 1939 with the Jugenddienstpflicht and HJ membership was required even when it was opposed by the member's parents. From then on, most of Germany's teenagers belonged to the HJ. By 1940, it had eight million members. Later war figures are difficult to calculate, since massive conscription efforts and a general call-up of boys as young as ten years old meant that virtually every young male in Germany was, in some way, connected to the HJ. Only about 10 to 20% were able to avoid joining. [3]
Hitler Youth in World War II
In 1940, Artur Axmann replaced Schirach as Reichsjugendführer and took over leadership of the Hitler Youth. Artur Axmann ( 18 February 1913 in Hagen &ndash 24 October 1996 in Berlin) was leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940 through Axmann began to reform the group into an auxiliary force which could perform war duties. The Hitler Youth became active in German fire brigades and assisted with recovery efforts to German cities affected from Allied bombing. A bomb is any of a range of devices that typically rely on the Exothermic Chemical reaction of an Explosive material to produce an extremely The Hitler Youth also assisted in such organizations as the Reich Postal Service, Reichsbahn, fire services, and Reich radio service, and served among anti-aircraft defense crews. The Deutsche Reichsbahn ( DR, "German Reich Railway" – was the name of the German national railway created from the railways of the individual Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces
By 1943, Nazi leaders began turning the Hitler Youth into a military reserve to draw manpower which had been depleted due to tremendous military losses. In 1943, the 12.SS-Panzer-Division Hitlerjugend, under the command of SS-Brigadeführer Fritz Witt, was formed. Brigadeführer was an SS rank that was used in Nazi Germany between the years of 1932 and 1945 Fritz Witt ( 25 May 1908 – 14 June 1944) was a German Waffen-SS officer who served with the 1 The Division was a fully equipped Waffen-SS panzer division, with the majority of the enlisted cadre being drawn from Hitler Youth boys between the ages of sixteen and eighteen. The Waffen-SS ( German for "Armed SS" literally "Weapons SS" was the Combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron" A panzer, pronunced, is a German Tank, especially in the context of World War II. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers The division was deployed during the Battle of Normandy against the British and Canadian forces to the north of Caen. Caen (kɑ̃ is a commune in northwestern France. It is the Prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the During the following months, the division earned itself a reputation for ferocity and fanaticism. When Witt was killed by allied naval gunfire, SS-Brigadeführer Kurt Meyer took over command and became the youngest divisional commander at age 33. Kurt "Panzer" Meyer ( December 23, 1910 - December 23, 1961) served as an officer in the Waffen-SS during the Second
As German casualties mounted with the combination of Operation Bagration and the Lvov-Sandomierz Operation in the east, and Operation Cobra in the west, members of the Hitlerjugend were recruited at ever younger ages. Operation Bagration (Oперация Багратион Operatsiya Bagration) was the Codename for the Soviet 1944 Belorussian Strategic Operation Cobra was the codename for the World War II operation planned by United States Army General Omar Bradley to break out from the The military use of Children takes three distinct forms children can take direct part in hostilities (child soldiers or they can be used in support roles such as porters spies messengers By 1945, the Volkssturm was commonly drafting 12-year-old Hitler Youth members into its ranks. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Volkssturm (lit "Folkstorm" "People's" or "National Militia" Sturm lit During the Battle of Berlin, Axmann's Hitler Youth formed a major part of the last line of German defense, and were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. Although the city commander, General Helmuth Weidling, ordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations; in the confusion, this order was never carried out. Helmuth Otto Ludwig Weidling ( 2 November 1891 &ndash 17 November 1955) was an officer in the German Army ( Wehrmacht
Post World War II
The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the Denazification process. Denazification (Entnazifizierung was an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society culture press economy judiciary and politics of any Some HJ members were suspected of war crimes but - as they were children - no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the HJ was never declared a criminal organization, its adult leadership was considered tainted for corrupting the minds of young Germans. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Many adult leaders of the HJ were put on trial by Allied authorities, and Baldur von Schirach sentenced to twenty years in prison. Baldur Benedikt von Schirach ( May 9, 1907 &ndash August 8, 1974) was a Nazi youth leader later convicted of being a War criminal He was however convicted of crimes against Humanity for his actions as Gauleiter of Vienna, not his leadership of the HJ.
German children born in the 1920s and 30s became adults during the Cold War years. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Since membership was compulsory after 1936, it was neither surprising nor uncommon that many senior leaders of both West and East Germany had been in the HJ. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Little effort was made to blacklist political figures who had been youth members of the HJ, since they had had no choice in the matter.
Despite this, several notable figures have been "exposed" by the media as former HJ Youth members. The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public These include Stuttgart mayor Manfred Rommel (son of the famous general Erwin Rommel); former foreign minister of Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher; philosopher Jurgen Habermas; and the late Prince Consort of the Netherlands Claus von Amsberg. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Manfred Rommel (born December 24, 1928) is a German politician ( CDU) who was Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996 Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ( 15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) (also known as the " Desert Fox " Wüstenfuchs This page lists State Secretaries for Foreign Affairs under the German Empire (1871-1919 Reich Ministers of Foreign Affairs (1919-1945 and Federal Ministers of Foreign Hans-Dietrich Genscher (born March 21, 1927) is a German Politician and member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP. Jürgen Habermas (ˈjʏʁgən ˈhaːbɐmaːs born June 18, 1929 is a German Philosopher and Sociologist in the tradition of Prince Claus of the Netherlands Jonkheer of Amsberg ( September 6 1926 – October 6 2002) was a German-born aristocrat who became
In April 2005 the media reported that Pope Benedict XVI had, as 14-year old Joseph Ratzinger, been a HJ member. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The German government's response was that compulsory membership of the HJ had little bearing on the pope's religious convictions or on his ability to lead the Roman Catholic Church.
Furthermore, membership in the organization did not mean support for Nazi ideologies was unanimous among the membership. For instance, Hans Scholl, the brother of Sophie Scholl and one of the leading figures of the anti-Nazi resistance movement White Rose (Weiße Rose), was also a member of the Hitler Youth. Hans Scholl ( 22 September 1918 - 22 February 1943) was a core and founding member of the White Rose resistance movement Sophia Magdalena Scholl ( 9 May 1921 - 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose Non-violent resistance Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent This fact is emphasised in the film The White Rose which speaks of how Scholl was able to resist Nazi Germany ideals while still serving in a Nazi organization. Die Weiße Rose ( The White Rose) is a 1982 German movie about the resistance movement to the Nazi authorities The Thomas Carter film Swing Kids also focuses on this topic. Thomas Carter is an African American three-time Emmy Award winning American film and Television director known for Swing Swing Kids is a Film produced in 1993 and directed by Thomas Carter.
See also
Sources
- ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). The Hitler Youth Knife (German Hitler-Jugend-Fahrtenmesser) was a Knife sold to and carried by boys of the Paramilitary youth organization of Der Marsch zum Führer (The March to the Führer is a Nazi propaganda film released in 1940. Hitler Youth Growing up in Hitler's Shadow is a Non-fiction children's book written by Susan Campbell Bartoletti, and published in 2005 A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
- ^ Priepke, Manfred (1960). Die evangelische Jugend im Dritten Reich 1933-1936. Norddeutsche Verlagsanstalt, 187-189.
- ^ The New York Times > AP > International > New Pope Defied Nazis As Teen During WWII
Further Reading
- In A Raging Inferno Combat Units of the Hitler Youth 1944-45 - Hans Holzträger, Helion & Company, Solihull, ISBN 1-874622-60-4
External links
- The History Place - Hitler Youth
- Rulers of the World: The Hitler Youth by Walter S. Zapotoczny
- The Hitler Youth: An Effective Organization for Total War by Guy Nasuti
- 1930s Hitlerjugend Propaganda Movie(German)
- Website about the League of German Girls, the female section of the Hitler Youth
- Hitler Youth - Full History and Photos
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