In baseball, hit by pitch (HBP), or hit batsman (HB), refers to the batter being hit in some part of the body by a pitch from the pitcher. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each In Baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing Pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team In Baseball, the pitcher is the player who throwsthe baseball from the Pitcher's mound toward the Catcher to begin each play with the goal of Per baseball official rule 6. 08(b), a batter becomes a baserunner and is awarded first base when he or his equipment (except for his bat):

• is touched by a pitched ball outside of the strike zone,
• and he attempts to avoid it (or had no opportunity to avoid it),
• and he did not swing at the pitch. In Baseball, baserunning is the act of running around the bases performed by members of the team at bat ^[1]

If all these conditions are met, the ball is dead, and other baserunners advance if they are forced to vacate their base by the batter taking first. Rule 5. 09(a) further clarifies that a hit by pitch is also called when a pitch touches a batter's clothing. ^[2]

In the case where a batter swings and the pitch hits him anyway, the ball is dead and a strike is called. Strike Zone is a Star Trek The Next Generation novel by Peter David. ^[3] If the batter does not attempt to avoid the pitch, he is not awarded first base, and the pitch is ruled a strike if in the strike zone and a ball if out of the strike zone. In practice, umpires rarely make this call. Perhaps the most famous instance of a non-hit by pitch was on May 31, 1968, when Don Drysdale hit Dick Deitz with a pitch that would have forced in a run and ended Drysdale's scoreless innings streak at 44. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Donald Scott Drysdale ( July 23, 1936 – July 3, 1993) was an American Right-handed Pitcher in Major League Umpire Harry Wendelstedt ruled that Dietz made no effort to avoid the pitch, Dietz proceeded to fly out, and Drysdale's scoreless streak continued to a then-record 58 2/3 innings. ^[4]

A hit by pitch can also be called on a pitch that has touched the ground. Such a bouncing pitch is like any other, and if a batter is hit by such a pitch, he will be awarded first unless he made no attempt to avoid it.

A batter hit by a pitch is not credited with a hit or at bat, but is credited with a time on base and a plate appearance; therefore, being hit by a pitch does not increase or decrease a player's batting average but does increase his on-base percentage. In Baseball statistics, a hit (denoted by H) sometimes called a base hit, is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches In Baseball, an at bat ( AB) or time at bat is used to calculate certain statistics, including Batting average, On base In Baseball statistics, the term times on base, also abbreviated as TOB, is the cumulative total number of times a batter has been awarded for reaching In Baseball statistics, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by PA) each time he completes a turn batting Batting average is a Statistic in both Cricket and Baseball measuring the performance of cricket batsmen and baseball hitters, respectively In Baseball statistics, on-base percentage (OBP (sometimes referred to as on-base average ', as the statistic is rarely presented as a true Percentage) A batter hit by a pitch with the bases loaded is also credited with an RBI per MLB rule 10. In the sport of Baseball, the bases are loaded when there is a runner on each base (1st 2nd and 3rd 04(a)(2). ^[5] A pitch ruled a hit by pitch is recorded as a ball in the pitcher's pitch count, since by definition the ball must be outside the strike zone and not have been swung at. In Baseball statistics, pitch count is the number of pitches thrown by a Pitcher in a game

The rule awarding first base to a batter hit by a pitch was instituted in 1887. ^[6]

Contents 1 Tactical use 2 Miscellaneous 3 Legal consequences 4 Popular culture 5 See also 6 External links 7 References

Tactical use

Inside pitching is a common and legal tactic in baseball, and many players make use of brushback pitches, or pitches aimed underneath the chin, commonly referred to as 'chin music', to keep players away from the plate. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each In Baseball, a brushback pitch is a pitch thrown high and inside usually a fastball to force the batter away from the plate often to intimidate A baseball field or baseball diamond is the field upon which the game of Baseball is played "Headhunter" is a common term for pitchers who have a reputation for throwing these kinds of pitches. However, throwing at a batter intentionally is illegal, and can be very dangerous. When an umpire believes a pitcher has thrown at a batter intentionally, a warning is issued to the pitcher and the managers of both teams. In Baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game including beginning and ending the game enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds making In Baseball, the head coach of a team is called the manager (or more formally the field manager) this individual controls matters From that point on, any pitch thrown at a batter can cause the pitcher and the manager (if believed to have ordered the beanball) of the offending team to be ejected immediately from the game. Serious offenses such as a ball thrown at the head (called a beanball) can result in the immediate ejection of the pitcher, and the manager if he ordered the beanball, even without a warning. " Beanball " is a colloquial sports term for a ball thrown at an opposing player with the intention of striking him such as to cause harm often connoting a throw at the player's

Often, if a player is acting rude or unsportsmanlike, or having an extraordinarily good day, the pitcher may intentionally hit the batter, disguising it as a pitch that accidentally slipped his control. Managers may also order a pitcher to throw such a pitch (sometimes called a "plunking"). These pitches are often aimed at the lower back and slower than normal, designed to send a message more than anything else. The opposing team usually hits a batter in retaliation for this act. The plunkings generally end there because of umpire warnings, but in some cases things can get out of hand, and sometimes they lead to the batter charging the mound, bench-clearing brawls, and several ejections. In Baseball, charging the mound is when a batter assaults the Pitcher, usually the result of being hit by a pitch or nearly being hit by a pitch A bench-clearing brawl, sometimes known as a basebrawl, is a form of ritualistic fighting that occurs in sports most notably Baseball and Ice hockey, in Such plunking duels are more common in the American League than in the National League, because in the NL the pitchers must bat for themselves and open themselves up to direct retaliation (although hitting a fellow pitcher is a serious breach of baseball etiquette). The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball The most common sign the catcher gives, if he or the coach wants to plunk a batter is simply giving the pitcher the middle finger.

Miscellaneous

The all-time record for a player being hit by a pitch is held by Hughie Jennings, who was hit by 287 pitches between 1891 and 1903. Hugh Ambrose Jennings ( April 2, 1869 &ndash February 1, 1928) was a Major League Baseball player and manager from 1891-1925 Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting The modern-day record is held by Craig Biggio of the Houston Astros, who had 285 as of the end of the 2007 season when he retired. Craig Alan Biggio (born December 14, 1965 in Smithtown, New York) is a former Major League Baseball player who played his entire career The Houston Astros are a Professional baseball team based in Houston Texas. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Prior to Biggio, the modern-day record belonged to Don Baylor, who was hit 267 times. Donald Edward Baylor (born June 28, 1949) is a Major League Baseball coach and a former player and manager.

The all-time single-season record also belongs to Jennings, who was hit 51 times during the 1896 season. Ron Hunt of the 1971 Montreal Expos was hit 50 times during that year. Ronald Kenneth Hunt (born February 23, 1941 in St Louis Missouri) is a former Major League Baseball player The Washington Nationals is an American professional baseball team based in Washington D The single-game record is three, held by many players. ^[7]

The career pitching record for most hit batsmen is 205 by Hall-of-Famer Walter Johnson. Walter Perry Johnson ( November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946) nicknamed "The Big Train" was an American right-handed The season record is 54 by Phil Knell in 1891, and the game record is six, held by Ed Knouff and John Grimes. ^[8]

On May 1, 1974, Pittsburgh pitcher Dock Ellis, believing that his team needed motivation, decided to hit every batter in the Cincinnati Reds lineup. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Dock Phillip Ellis Jr (born March 11, 1945, in Los Angeles California) is a former professional Baseball player who pitched for the Pittsburgh The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA Ellis hit Pete Rose, Joe Morgan, and Dan Driessen, tried to hit Tony Perez but ended up walking him, and threw two pitches at Johnny Bench's head before he was removed from the game. Joe Leonard Morgan (born September 19, 1943 in Bonham Texas) is a former Major League Baseball Second baseman who was inducted into Daniel Driessen (born July 29, 1951 in Hilton Head Island South Carolina) is a former Major League Baseball infielder who played for three teams Atanasio Pérez Rigal, more commonly known as Tony Pérez (born May 14, 1942 in Ciego de Ávila, Cuba) is a former player in Johnny Lee Bench (born December 7, 1947) is a former American Baseball player for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 to ^[9]

To date, only one Major League player has died as a result of being struck by a pitch: Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians was hit in the head by Carl Mays on August 16, 1920, and died the next morning. Raymond Johnson Chapman ( January 15, 1891 &ndash August 17, 1920) was an American Baseball player spending his entire The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Carl William Mays ( November 12 1891 &ndash April 4 1971) was one of the better right-handed Pitchers in Major League Baseball Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Champions World Series: Cleveland Indians over Brooklyn Robins (5-2 Awards and honors

It is possible, however, to suffer serious injuries as a result of being hit by a pitch, even when wearing a helmet. On August 18, 1967, Red Sox batter Tony Conigliaro was hit almost directly in the left eye by a fastball thrown by Jack Hamilton of the California Angels. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Champions Major League Baseball World Series: St Louis Cardinals over Boston Red Sox (4-3 Bob Gibson, MVP The Boston Red Sox are a Professional baseball team based in Boston Massachusetts, and are the reigning (2007 World Series Champions. Anthony Richard Conigliaro ( January 7, 1945 - February 24, 1990) nicknamed "Tony C" and "Conig" was a Major for the Canadian bank robber and associate of John Dillinger see John Hamilton (gangster Jack Edwin Hamilton (born December 25, The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are a professional baseball team based in Anaheim, California. His cheekbone was shattered, he nearly lost the sight of the eye, was unable to play for over a year, and never regained his earlier batting ability. (Batting helmets at that time were not required to have an "ear flap"; indeed, it was not until 2002 that all major league batters were required to wear helmets with side protection. Champions Major League Baseball Regular Season Champions Other champions Caribbean World Series: ) Most recently, Mike Piazza, then of the New York Mets, was hit in the head by a pitch from Julian Tavarez of the St. Louis Cardinals on September 10, 2005. Michael Joseph Piazza (pʰiˈɑːʦə or /pʰiˈɑːzə/ born September 4, 1968 in Norristown, Pennsylvania) is a former American "Mets" redirects here For the medical term see Metastasis. Julián Tavárez Carmen (born May 22, 1973 in Santiago, Dominican Republic) is a Major League Baseball Pitcher currently The St Louis Cardinals (also referred to as "the Cards " or "the Redbirds " are a professional Baseball team based in St Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His helmet shattered, and he suffered a concussion. Other relatively minor injuries that are possible include broken fingers or hands, broken feet, broken ribs, injuries to the knee, or groin injuries.

On April 26, 2008, umpire Kerwin Danley was behind home plate umpiring a game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Colorado Rockies, when Danley was hit in the head by a 96 mph Brad Penny fastball that went over the head of catcher Russell Martin. Kerwin Joseph Danley (born May 25 1961 in Los Angeles California) is an umpire in Major League Baseball who has worked in the Danley was carried off the field in an ambulance, but play would resume. Danley's mother was at the game sitting in the box seats where Frank McCourt and his wife usually sit. She rode in the ambulance with him. During the 6th inning Vin Scully reported that Danley was doing well.

Legal consequences

Since inside pitching is a legitimate tactic in baseball, courts have recognized that being hit by a pitch is an inherent risk of the game, so that players cannot sue for any resulting injuries. On April 6, 2006, in a case arising from a game involving community college baseball teams, the Supreme Court of California ruled that baseball players in California assume the risk of being hit by baseballs even if the balls were intentionally thrown so as to cause injury. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries The Supreme Court of California is the State supreme court in California. Assumption of risk is a defense in the Law of Torts which bars a Plaintiff from recovery against a negligent Tortfeasor if the ^[10] In the court's words: "For better or worse, being intentionally thrown at is a fundamental part and inherent risk of the sport of baseball. It is not the function of tort law to police such conduct. Tort law is the name given to a body of law that creates and provides remedies for civil wrongs that do not arise out of Contractual duties "

Popular culture

• In the 1989 film Major League it was announced of a fictional New York Yankees pitcher: "The Duke led the American League this year in saves, ERA, and hit batsmen. Major League is a 1989 American Comedy film written and directed by David S The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in In Baseball, a save (abbreviated SV or S) is credited to a Pitcher who finishes a game for the winning team under certain prescribed circumstances In Baseball statistics, earned run average ( ERA) is the Mean of Earned runs given up by a Pitcher per nine Innings pitched This guy once threw at his own kid at a father-son game. "
• Satirical newspaper The Onion ran a story entitled "Craig Biggio Blames Media Pressure For Stalling At 285 Hit-By-Pitches" as Biggio closed in on the record of 287 hit-by-pitches. For the vegetable see Onion. The Onion is an American " fake news " organization ^[11]
• In The Simpsons episode "Homer at the Bat," Homer Simpson is hit in the head by a pitch while playing for the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant softball team, rendering him unconscious, but forcing in the winning run. " Homer at the Bat " is the seventeenth episode of The Simpsons ' third season, which originally aired February 20 1992 Homer Jay Simpson is a main fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons and father of the eponymous family.

See also

• MLB All-Time Hit Batsmen List

External links

• - List of all-time HBP leaders

References

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic