The history of Wagga Wagga details the growth of the city from a small crossing on the Murrumbidgee River to the largest city and regional centre of the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Wagga Wagga The Murrumbidgee River is a major river in the state of New South Wales, Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT The Riverina is an agricultural region of south-western New South Wales (NSW Australia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Contents 1 Indigenous settlement 2 European exploration and settlement 3 A river crossing 4 Law and order 5 Federation and war 6 Between the wars 7 World War II and beyond 8 References

Indigenous settlement

The original Aboriginal inhabitants of the Wagga Wagga region were the Wiradjuri people and the term "Wagga" and derivatives of that word in the Wiradjuri aboriginal language is thought to mean crow. The Wiradjuri (many other spellings see below are an Indigenous Australian group of central New South Wales. Wiradjuri (many other spellings see Wiradjuri) is a Pama-Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup The true crows are large Passerine Birds that comprise the Genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. To create the plural, the Wiradjuri repeat a word, thus 'Wagga Wagga' translates to 'the place of many crows'. Other translations have also attributed the word 'wagga' to meaning, 'reeling (a sick man or a dizzy man); to dance, slide or grind'. ^[1] Wiradjuri people have maintained a relationship with the Wagga Wagga area to this day.

For more history of the Wiradjuri at Wagga Wagga see Mary Gilmore and the history of Wagga Wagga

European exploration and settlement

The first European explorer to pass over the future site of Wagga Wagga was Captain Charles Sturt and his men in 1829 during his expedition along the Murrumbidgee River. The poet and writer Mary Gilmore grew up in the Wagga Wagga district in the 1860s and 1870s a period of profound social and ecological change in southern New South Wales The European exploration of Australia encompasses several waves of seafarers and land explorers Captain Charles Napier Sturt (28 April 1795 – 16 June 1869 was an English explorer of Australia, part of the European Exploration of Australia Sturt was aided by Wiradjuri guides who handed the explorers to different Aboriginal guides downstream. ^[2] The first settler in the Wagga Wagga area was Charles Tompson, an emancipated convict who along with his family established the Eunonyhareenyha 'run' on the north bank of the river in 1832. During the late 18th and 19th centuries large numbers of Convicts were transported to the various Australian penal colonies by the British government Soon after another ex-convict George Best established the Wagga Wagga 'run' on the south bank, named for the Aboriginal term for the waterhole on the property where crows congregated. Other settlers followed, all of them squatting on the land illegally. In Australian history ' squatter' referred to those who occupied large tracts of Crown land in order to graze Livestock. By 1836 the colonial government regulated their tenure and established a licensing scheme. ^[3]

The continuing encroachment by Europeans on Wiradjuri lands made conflict inevitable. Aboriginal groups attempted to drive off the squatters' stock and attacked shepherds and hutkeepers. A shepherd is a person who tends to feeds or guards Sheep, especially in flocks The white residents retaliated, at first in relation to specific grievances, later fighting became more general. The ruthlessness of the settlers, combined with the effect of diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox and influenza eventually defeated the Wiradjuri, who while retaining much of their culture lost their land and lifestyle. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. ^[4]

As the number of settlers in the area grew, so did demand for a local bench of magistrates as the nearest ones were 100-200 miles away in Tumut and Binalong. A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. Tumut Binalong (postcode 2584) is a village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia 37 km north-west of Yass in Yass Valley In April 1847 it was announced that Wagga Wagga was to be a place for holding petty sessions, dispensing justice and maintaining law and order over an area up to 100 miles away. A magistrates' court or court of petty sessions, formerly known as a police court, is the lowest level of court in England and Wales and ^[5] The courthouse was located with the beginnings of a village formed near the ford used by most traffic passing through the area. The village included a crude blacksmith's shop and hotel. blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i A post office was established in January 1849 and later that year the town was marked out by surveyor Thomas Townshend and formally gazetted as a village on 23 November 1849. A post office is a facility authorized by a Postal system for the posting receipt sorting handling transmission or delivery of Mail. Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between The term gazette normally refers to a Newspaper. In the governments of Commonwealth countries a gazette is an official Journal that publishes the Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[6]

A river crossing

In September 1859 local residents formed a committee for the construction of a bridge over the Murrumbidgee River. A number of proposals were examined in December 1859 and a pontoon bridge, submitted by Fowler Boyd Price, was in favour. A pontoon bridge or floating bridge is a Bridge that floats on water supported by barge-or-boat-like pontoons to support the bridge deck and its dynamic The committee planned to establish a Pontoon Bridge Company with a capital of £4,000 in 200 shares of £20 but the engineering experts from the Roads Branch of the New South Wales Department of Public Works objected to the pontoon bridge. The pound was the currency of Australia until 1966 It was subdivided into 20 Shillings each of 12 pence. The pound was the currency of Australia until 1966 It was subdivided into 20 Shillings each of 12 pence. The local committee agree to build a pile bridge which was recommended by New South Wales Department of Public Works. A pile bridge is a structure that uses foundations consisting of long poles (referred to as piles which are made of Wood, Concrete or Steel After the New South Wales Government refused to support this type of bridge the committee decided to finance it themselves.

On 23 August 1860 a joint stock company was formed to complete and maintain the bridge between Crampton and Travers Streets as well as to make a proper road to the bridge from existing streets. Hampden Bridge is a wooden Allan Truss bridge over the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga New South Wales which opened to traffic on 11 November Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting On 5 December 1861 the New South Wales Parliament enacted a bill to form the Wagga Wagga Company Bridge to build a bridge not less than 25 feet wide and 7 feet in height. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Parliament of New South Wales is the supreme law making body in New South Wales, a state of Australia. The Act gave the Company authority to receive a toll, not exceeding £5 for most persons using the bridge. The pound was the currency of Australia until 1966 It was subdivided into 20 Shillings each of 12 pence. The Company's directors had to raise loans because the shares were not readily purchased as many people feared the bridge would be washed away by floods. The bridge was completed in October 1862 and opened on 27 October at just over 91 metres long and 7 metres wide. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International

In 1884 the New South Wales Government purchased the bridge for the public for £9,804. The pound was the currency of Australia until 1966 It was subdivided into 20 Shillings each of 12 pence. Tolls were ceased on 29 February 1884 at noon. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In the 1890s use of the bridge increased. It's timbers were decaying and the bridge was in danger of collapse. The local Member of Parliament, James Gormly, appealed to the Department of Public Works to replace the bridge. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Wagga Wagga Company Bridge served the public for 33 years and was demolished in 1895. ^[7]

In 1895 Hampden Bridge, a truss bridge was built across the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga. Hampden Bridge is a wooden Allan Truss bridge over the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga New South Wales which opened to traffic on 11 November A truss bridge is a Bridge composed of connected elements (typically straight which may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response The bridge is regarded as being of heritage significance. ^[8][9] On 16 August 2006 Hampden Bridge was closed and fenced off to the public due to the bridge being declared a safety risk after one of the trusses failed and demolishment of the landmark is being discussed. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hampden Bridge is a wooden Allan Truss bridge over the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga New South Wales which opened to traffic on 11 November ^[10][11]

Law and order

With increasing prosperity and population Wagga and surrounding district became a place of interest to several infamous bushrangers. Bushrangers, or bush rangers, were Outlaws in the early years of the European settlement of Australia who had the survival skills necessary to use the Notoriously the Wagga police magistrate Henry Baylis was bailed up by Mad Dog Morgan in 1863. Daniel Thomas Morgan Jr (born December 19, 1978 in Clifton Heights Pennsylvania) is a former American football Linebacker for the Later when Baylis and some police officers tracked Morgan to where he was camping, the magistrate was shot and wounded. ^[12]

Captain Moonlite after being released from gaol in 1879 for a robbery committed at Egerton, near Ballarat arrived on November 15, 1879 looking for work at Wantabadgery Station which is situated about 38 km east of Wagga. Andrew George Scott (baptised 6 March 1842 – 30 March 1880) Aka Captain Moonlight or Captain Moonlite, was an Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Wantabadgery is a village community in the central eastern part of the Riverina and situated about 35 kilometres east from Wagga Wagga and 19 kilometres When work was refused, Moonlite and his band of 5 others returned and held up all 39 people at the station. Later one of the hostages escaped and three mounted police from Wagga arrived to be engaged by the gang in a shoot out. When the police retreated, Moonlite and his gang escaped only to be captured at another nearby property when police from the neighbouring townships of Gundagai and Adelong arrived. Gundagai Adelong is a small town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia and is a part of the Tumut Shire. Moonlite was later hung for his crimes. ^[12]

Ned Kelly's younger brother James Kelly, initially following in the footsteps of his elder sibling, and having just completed four years of imprisonmnet for cattle theft, was sentenced in 1877 at the Wagga courthouse to ten years gaol for stealing two horses from Wagga hoteliers. Edward "Ned" Kelly (3 June 1855 &ndash 11 November 1880 was an Australian Bushranger, and to some a Folk hero for his defiance of the colonial Unlike his older brother, when released he led a respectable life and lived until 1946. ^[12]

Federation and war

At end of the nineteenth century, Wagga Wagga, like most of rural Australia, was proud of its ties to imperial Britain and volunteers from Wagga Wagga enlisted in military units sent to imperial conflicts such as the Mahdist War in Sudan in 1885 and later in 1899 the Second Boer War in South Africa. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Mahdist War was a Colonial war of the late 19th century It was fought between the Mahdist Sudanese and the Egyptian and later British Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Notwithstanding the strength of these ties, demonstrated by the enthusiastic celebrations of Queen Victoria's jubilee in 1897, national sentiment was rising in Wagga Wagga. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland A Diamond Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 60th Anniversary in the case of a person (e ^[13]

Along with most of the Riverina region, the majority of Wagga Wagga residents supported the federation of the Australian colonies, in large part due to the prospect of free trade across colonial borders. The Riverina is an agricultural region of south-western New South Wales (NSW Australia The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions Many addresses by visiting politicians supporting Federation were held in front of large crowds in Wagga Wagga, often from the balconies of various hotels. From 1898, a group of residents promoted Wagga Wagga for consideration as the site of the future national capital due to its location equidistant from Sydney and Melbourne and its ample water supply. Despite the bid's lack of success, in the 1899 referendum Wagga Wagga residents voted strongly in favour of federation. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita ^[14]

The start of World War I once again lead to many men from Wagga Wagga and the surrounding area volunteering to serve King and country. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The town was the starting point of the "Kangaroo March", one of a series of snowball marches conducted in New South Wales during the war where groups of recruits would march toward Sydney and appeal to men in the towns along the route to join them and enlist in the Australian Imperial Force. World War I, recruitment marches or snowball marches to Sydney were a feature of volunteer recruiting drives for the Australian Imperial Force The Australian Imperial Force (AIF was the name given to two all- Volunteer Australian Army forces dispatched to fight overseas during World War I and 88 recruits left Wagga Wagga on 1 December 1915, farewelled by a large crowd and to the accompaniment of a band. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The marchers included John Ryan, who later won the Victoria Cross for his actions in the Battle of the Hindenburg Line in 1918. Edward John Francis Ryan VC ( 9 February[[ 890]] - 3 June[[ 941]] better known as John Ryan, was an Australian recipient of the See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since ^[15] Along the way, the march stopped in towns such as Junee, Cootamundra, Murrumburrah and Yass and finished at Campbelltown with over 220 recruits. Junee is a small town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Cootamundra is a town and Local Government Area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia and within the Riverina Murrumburrah is a township in New South Wales, Australia in Harden Shire and forms a twin town with Harden. For the local government area, see City of Campbelltown. Campbelltown is a Suburb in south-western ^[16][15] The local Rugby league football team, Wagga Kangaroos, chose its name in commemoration of the march. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games ^[17] The two bitter conscription referendum debates in 1916 and 1917 exposed deep divisions in Wagga Wagga society with the respectable and mostly Protestant farmers, graziers, businessmen, and professionals generally in favour of conscription while the anti-conscriptionist tended to be Catholic and working class. Conscription in Australia, or mandatory Military service also known as National Service, has a controversial history dating back to the first years of nationhood Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Both referendums were narrowly defeated nationally, with Wagga Wagga voting for conscription in 1916 and against in 1917. ^[18]

Between the wars

The soldiers returning from the war in Europe brought with them the "Spanish flu" epidemic that was sweeping the world, for a while bringing the town to a standstill. The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was an Influenza Pandemic that spread to nearly every part of the world Some of the area around Wagga Wagga was designated for settlement by returned soldiers, who faced insurmountable difficulties due to poor and unwatered land, lack of farming experience and lack of access to markets. Soldier settlement refers to the occupation and settlement of land throughout parts of Australia by returning discharged soldiers under schemes administered by the State Governments Many walked off the land after years of backbreaking work. After some controversy , the Victory Memorial Gardens were established in 1927 by Wollundry Lagoon to honour those who served. Victory Memorial Gardens are located on the banks of the Wollundry Lagoon in the Central business district of Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia ^[19]

Throughout the 1920s the NSW State Government improved both the road and rail links in the region. Wagga Wagga was part of a new telephone link between Melbourne and Sydney and a new Post and Telegraph office was constructed to house the repeating centre, one of the largest in regional Australia. Residential growth continued with a population in 1921 of 11,631. ^[20] Much of this residential growth was housed in the higher ground to the south, extending to the south of the railway tracks. A suburb consisting of tents and crude huts, known as "Tent Town", developed along the river providing housing for the poorer residents of Wagga Wagga. ^[21] In 1922, electricity was provided for the town, with hydro-electric power available from Burrinjuck Dam from 1928. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Burrinjuck Dam is a high concrete gravity dam on the Murrumbidgee River near Yass, New South Wales, Australia. ^[22]

The Great Depression had a marked effect on the economic, social and political life of Wagga Wagga. A range of unemployment relief schemes operated in the town, mainly improving public works, however poverty was widespread and "Tent Town" quickly became overcrowded as tenants were unable to afford rental accommodation. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. ^[23] The depression, and the election of Jack Lang of the Labor as New South Wales premier , sparked the formation of the "Riverina Movement". John Thomas Lang ( 21 December 1876 - 27 September 1975) Australian politician usually referred to as J Throughout the Riverina in early 1931, a series of rallies were organised by the movement, culminating in a great meeting in Wagga Wagga on 28 February 1931. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The meeting called on the State and Federal governments to alleviate the concerns of producers in the district or hold a referendum to determine if the Riverina should secede. Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity The movement petered out following the dismissal of Lang in 1932 and the recovery of the regional economy^[24]

World War II and beyond

The outbreak of World War II saw Wagga Wagga become a key centre in the defence of Australia. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Royal Australian Air Force bases were established at Forest Hill in 1940 and Uranquinty in 1941. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. Forest Hill is a suburb of Wagga Wagga New South Wales. Forest Hill is located approximately 10 km east of the central business district on the Sturt Highway. Uranquinty A major Australian Army camp was constructed at Kapooka in 1942 and one year later there were 8,000 troops in training there with Wagga taking on the characteristics of a garrison town. The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Kapooka is a suburb in the south west of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. A native of Wagga Wagga, Sir Thomas Blamey, became Australia's highest ranking officer during the war. Field Marshal Sir Thomas Albert Blamey GBE, KCB, CMG, DSO, ED, ( 24 January 1884 – 27 ^[25] Also born in Wagga Wagga was John Hurst Edmondson, a corporal in the 2/17 Infantry Battalion of the 9th Division, the first Australian winner of the Victoria Cross in World War II, for actions at the Siege of Tobruk. John Hurst Edmondson VC ( 8 October, 1914 &ndash 14 April, 1941) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria The 9th Division of the Australian Army was formed to serve in World War II, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The Siege of Tobruk was a lengthy confrontation between Axis and Allied forces in North Africa during the Western Desert Campaign of World War ^[26]

On 17 April 1946, Wagga Wagga was proclaimed a city and Wagga Wagga grew steadily after the war. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Suburbs such as Turvey Park, Mount Austin and Kooringal were developed including over 1,200 Housing Commission homes. Turvey Park is an inner southern suburb of Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, Australia. Mount Austin is an inner southern suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. Kooringal is a Suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. The NSW Department of Housing is the Public housing agency created in 1942 to build and manage public housing in the Australian state of New South Wales In the 1960s, residential growth expanded to cover areas such as Tolland and Lake Albert. Tolland is a suburb located in the city of Wagga Wagga in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Lake Albert ( is an artificial Lake near Wagga Wagga in New South Wales, Australia. As the suburban sprawl moved south, the main commercial district also moved south to the Baylis Street end, including developments such as the Sturt Mall, built in 1979 while the northern end of the central business district slowly became deserted. Sturt Mall is a shopping centre located in the CBD of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. To promote the development of additional secondary industry in Wagga Wagga, the City Council developed a series of industrial areas including areas for service and general industries, and agricultural processing and noxious industries were established in a new industrial estate in Bomen. Bomen is a northern suburb of Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, Australia. ^[27]

In the 1950s the defence bases in Wagga Wagga again became an important part of the city. The Army camp at Kapooka was reopened as a recruit training centre from 1951, a role it maintains to this day. RAAF Base Wagga at Forest Hill also expanded, with training of defence force aircraft technicians located there from 1969. RAAF Base Wagga (formerly RAAF Base Forest Hill is located in the New South Wales town of Wagga Wagga, in the suburb of Forest Hill. ^[28] A teachers' college was established in Turvey Park in 1947 and an agricultural college in 1949. In 1971, following pressure from the Wagga Wagga community for a university, the teachers' college became the Riverina College of Advanced Education and was relocated to a site adjacent to the Wagga Agricultural College, with whom it amalgamated in 1975. The College of Advanced Education (CAE was a class of Australian Tertiary education institution that existed from 1967 until the early 1990s In 1989, the College amalgamated with the College of Advanced Education at Bathurst to become Charles Sturt University. Bathurst is a regional centre in the state of New South Wales, Australia approximately 200km west of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council Charles Sturt University ( CSU) is an Australian multi-campus University in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory ^[29] The Wagga Wagga Base Hospital became the major referral hospital in southern New South Wales and in 1963 a new seven-story hospital was constructed. Wagga Wagga Base Hospital is located in the City of Wagga Wagga, the largest inland city of New South Wales, Australia. ^[30]

Flooding remained a common problem for Wagga Wagga, with major flooding occurring in 1844, 1852, 1853, 1870, 1891, 1900, 1925, 1931, 1950, 1952 and 1956. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge After the 1956 floods, the City Council protected the city area on the south flood plain through construction of a levee. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial The levee was completed by 1962 and provided protection from 1 in 100 year floods. North Wagga Wagga was excluded from protection, and attempts were made to force residents of North Wagga Wagga to abandon their homes through rigid enforcement of planning controls. North Wagga Wagga residents resisted the attempts to remove them and a sign mysteriously appeared beneath the North Wagga Wagga welcome sign with the wording - We Shall Not Be Moved. By the 1970s, the Council eventually acceded to residents' demands, removing planning constraints and a levee was constructed to protect the village, although at a lower standard, by 1982. ^[31] In 1981, the New South Wales government forced the amalgamation of Wagga Wagga City Council with neighbouring Kyeamba Shire and Mitchell Shire to form the new City of Wagga Wagga Local government area, containing 4,886 square kilometres. } City of Wagga Wagga is a Local Government Area in New South Wales, Australia, in southern New South Wales Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled ^[32]

References

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