| History of Sweden |
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Scandinavian prehistory (-800) |
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Modern Sweden emerged out of the Kalmar Union formed in 1397 and by the unification of the country by King Gustav Vasa in the 16th century. The Scandinavian prehistory began when the area became free of ice around 11000 BC with the Ahrensburg culture and hunters living in near proximity to the ice The Swedish pre-history ended around 800 CE when the Viking Age began The Early Vasa era is a period that in Swedish history lasted between 1523&ndash1611 During the 17th century despite having scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants Sweden emerged as a Great Power after winning wars against Denmark–Norway, Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe The Age of Liberty (Frihetstiden is the half a century long experiment with a Parliamentary system and increasing Civil Rights in the period from Charles The Enlightened Despot See also Gustav III of Sweden Adolf Frederick of Sweden died on February 12, 1771. The Union between Sweden and Norway (Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige or the Swedish-Norwegian Kingdom was the union of the kingdoms of Politics in the New Riksdag See also Politics of Sweden The economic condition of Sweden, owing to the progress in material prosperity which The industrialization of Sweden began in earnest after 1870 By the late 19th century the first multinational companies based on advanced technology had emerged The policy of Sweden during World War II was to remain neutral. This article covers the History of Sweden from the end of World War II to the late 1980s. This article describes the History of Sweden from 1989 until present day. The Military history of Sweden is very diverse During the last millennium the military has developed from a peasant army to one of the world's best organized "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September In the 17th century Sweden expanded its territories to form the Swedish empire. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Most of these conquered territories had to be given up during the 18th century. In the early 19th century Finland and the remaining territories outside the Scandinavian peninsula were lost. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. After its last war in 1814, Sweden entered into a personal union with Norway which lasted until 1905. A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Since 1814, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties [1]
Pre-historic age: 9,000 BC–AD 800
Sweden, as well as the adjacent country Norway, has a high concentration of petroglyphs (ristningar[2] or hällristningar[3] in Swedish) throughout the country, with the highest concentration in the province of Bohuslän. Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic 12000-4000 BC The Pleistocene glaciations scoured the landscape clean and covered much of it in deep quaternary sediments "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Petroglyphs are Images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising pecking carving and abrading is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish situated on the west coast of the country The earliest images can, however, be found in the province of Jämtland, dating from 5000 BC. or Jamtland (ˈjamtˌlanː in Jamtish) is a historical province or Landskap in the center of Sweden in Northern They depict wild animals such as elk, reindeer, bears and seals. The period 2300–500 BC was the most intensive carving period, with carvings of agriculture, warfare, ships, domesticated animals, etc. Also, petroglyphs with themes of sexual nature have been found in Bohuslän; these are dated from 800–500 BC.
Early Swedish history: 800–1500
A foundation date of the nation Sweden cannot be determined with any degree of certainty, since it evolved from a warfare center of power, Svea Rike, centered in old Uppsala, which might have had many increases and decreases in power and influence. The Swedish pre-history ended around 800 CE when the Viking Age began The existence of such a power is stated already by Tacitus (see Suiones), around AD 100. The Swedes (svear Old Norse: svíar; Old English: Sweonas; Suiones Suehans or Sueones) were an ancient North The neighboring areas of West and East Geats probably also played a very important historical role in defining the nation. Geats, Geatas, Gautar, Goths, Gotar, Gøtar, Götar were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting Götaland About 1000, the first certain king over Svea and Göta Riken is documented to be Olof Skötkonung, but the further history is obscure with kings whose periods of regency and actual power is unclear. Olof Skötkonung ( Old Icelandic: Óláfr sænski, Old Swedish: Olawær skotkonongær) was the son of Eric the Victorious and In the 12th century, Sweden was still consolidating with the dynastic struggles between the Erik and Sverker clans, which finally ended when a third clan married into the Erik clan and founded the Folkunga dynasty on the throne. The dynasty of Eric or House of Erik was one of the two noble families dynasties which rivalled for the kingship of Sweden between 1150 and 1220 After the extinction of the House of Stenkil and the ascension of Sverker I of Sweden in 1130 a civil war commenced This dynasty gradually consolidated a pre-Kalmar-Union Sweden to an actual nation, which essentially fell apart after the Black Death. The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal
The conversion from pre-Christian beliefs to Christianity was a complex, gradual, and at times possibly violent (see Temple at Uppsala) process. Religious conversion is the adoption of a new religious identity or a change from one religious identity to another Norse paganism is a term used to describe the religious traditions which were common amongst the Germanic tribes living in Nordic countries prior to and Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Temple at Uppsala was a religious site in Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala near modern Uppsala, Sweden, that was created to worship the Norse gods The main early source of religious influence was England due to interactions between Scandinavians and Saxons in the Danelaw, and Irish missionary monks. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Irish and Scottish missionaries (Iro-Scottish Hiberno-Scottish were instrumental in the spread of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England and the The German influence was less obvious in the beginning (despite an early missionary attempt by Ansgar), but gradually emerged as the dominant religious force in the area (especially after the Norman conquest of England). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Saint Ansgar, Anskar or Oscar, ( September 8 ? 801 &ndash February 3, 865) was an Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. Despite the close relations between Swedish and Russian aristocracy (see also Rus'), there is no direct evidence of Orthodox influence, possibly because of language barriers. Rus’ (Русь rusʲ Русичи Русы are an ancient people whose name survives in the cognates Russians, Rusyns, and Ruthenians The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world
This consolidated state of Sweden already included Finland presumably from an early crusade into the area of Tavastland in central current day Finland.
After the Black Death and internal power struggles in Sweden, Queen Margaret I of Denmark united the Nordic countries in the Kalmar Union in 1397, with the approval of the Swedish nobility. Continual tension of economic nature within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century, however. The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Denmark on one side and Sweden on the other.
Modern Sweden: 1523
In the 16th century, Gustav Vasa fought for an independent Sweden, crushing an attempt to restore the Kalmar Union and laying the foundation for modern Sweden. The Early Vasa era is a period that in Swedish history lasted between 1523&ndash1611 Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September At the same time, he broke with the Roman Catholic Church and established the Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time
The rise of Sweden as a great power: 1600
After winning wars against Denmark-Norway, Russia, and Poland during the 17th century, Sweden emerged as a Great Power, despite having scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants. During the 17th century despite having scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants Sweden emerged as a Great Power after winning wars against Denmark–Norway, Denmark–Norway ( Danish: Danmark-Norge Norwegian: Danmark-Norge or Danmark-Noreg is the historiographical name for a former political entity union Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale Its contributions during the Thirty Years' War under Gustavus Adolphus helped determine the political, as well as the religious, balance of power in Europe. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden
The Swedish Empire: 1648
By the treaties of Brömsebro, 1645, and Roskilde, 1658, Sweden acquired important provinces of Denmark and Norway. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe The Treaty of Brömsebro (or the Peace of Brömsebro) was signed on August 13, 1645, which ended the Torstenson War (a local conflict that The Treaty of Roskilde was signed on February 26, 1658 in the Danish city of Roskilde. Following the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Sweden ruled Ingria, in which Saint Petersburg later would be founded, Estonia, Livonia, and important coastal towns and other areas of northern Germany. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
The Great War: 1700
Russia, Saxony-Poland, and Denmark-Norway pooled their power in 1700 and attacked the Swedish empire. The Age of Liberty (Frihetstiden is the half a century long experiment with a Parliamentary system and increasing Civil Rights in the period from Charles The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Denmark–Norway ( Danish: Danmark-Norge Norwegian: Danmark-Norge or Danmark-Noreg is the historiographical name for a former political entity union Power in international relations is defined in several different ways The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs Although the young Swedish King Charles XII won spectacular victories in the early years of the Great Northern War, his plan to attack Moscow and force Russia into peace proved too ambitious; he was shot during the siege of Frederiksten fortress in Norway in 1718. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional In the subsequent peace treaties, the allied powers, joined by Prussia and by England-Hanover, ended Sweden's reign as a great power and introduced a period of limited monarchy under parliamentary rule. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which
Absolute monarchy: 1772
Following half a century of parliamentary domination came the reaction. The Enlightened Despot See also Gustav III of Sweden Adolf Frederick of Sweden died on February 12, 1771. A bloodless coup d'état perpetrated by King Gustav III brought back absolute monarchy, a state of affairs that would last until involvement in the Napoleonic wars forced Sweden to cede Finland to Russia in 1809. Gustav III ( – 29 March 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions
Union with Norway: 1814
The following year, the Swedish King's adopted heir, French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected Crown Prince Charles by the Riksdag. The Union between Sweden and Norway (Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige or the Swedish-Norwegian Kingdom was the union of the kingdoms of Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 The Riksdag is the official Swedish term of the Parliament of Sweden and the Parliament of Finland (in Finland alongside In 1813, his forces joined the allies against Napoleon. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In the Treaty of Kiel, the king of Denmark-Norway ceded Norway to the Swedish king. The Treaty of Kiel was a settlement between Sweden and Denmark-Norway on January 14, 1814, whereby the Danish king a loser in the Denmark–Norway ( Danish: Danmark-Norge Norwegian: Danmark-Norge or Danmark-Noreg is the historiographical name for a former political entity union Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Norway, however, declared its independence, adopted a constitution and chose a new king. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional 1814 was a pivotal year in Norwegian history. It started with Norway as a part of the Danish kingdom subject to a Naval blockade, saw a constitutional Sweden invaded Norway to enforce the terms of the Kiel treaty. After a short war, the peace of Moss established a personal union between the two states. Moss is a coastal town and municipality in the county of Østfold, Norway. The union lasted until 1905, when it was peacefully dissolved at Norway's request.
Modernization of Sweden: 1866
Sweden's predominantly agricultural economy shifted gradually from village to private farm-based agriculture during the Industrial Revolution, but this change failed to bring economic and social improvements commensurate with the rate of population growth. Politics in the New Riksdag See also Politics of Sweden The economic condition of Sweden, owing to the progress in material prosperity which The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the About 1 million Swedes emigrated to the United States between 1850 and 1890. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 19th century was marked by the emergence of a liberal opposition press, the abolition of guild monopolies in trade and manufacturing in favour of free enterprise, the introduction of taxation and voting reforms, the installation of national military service, and the rise in the electorate of three major party groups – Social Democrat, Liberal, and Conservative. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient The Swedish Social Democratic Party, (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 'Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden' contests elections as 'Workers' Party - Social Democrats' The Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet liberalerna abbreviated fp, meaning literally People's Party the Liberals) is a political party in Sweden This article refers to the Swedish political party for the group that dominated the Church of Scotland in the 18th century see Moderate Party (Scotland
Industrialization of Sweden: 1914
During and after World War I, in which Sweden remained neutral, the country benefitted from the world-wide demand for Swedish steel, ball bearings, wood pulp, and matches. The industrialization of Sweden began in earnest after 1870 By the late 19th century the first multinational companies based on advanced technology had emerged World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 A ball bearing is an engineering term referring to a type of Rolling-element bearing which uses Balls to maintain the separation between the moving parts Wood pulp is a dry fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating the fibers which make up Wood. A match is a consumable Tool for lighting a Fire under controlled circumstances on demand Post-war prosperity provided the foundations for the social welfare policies characteristic of modern Sweden. Foreign policy concerns in the 1930s centered on Soviet and German expansionism, which stimulated abortive efforts at Nordic defence co-operation. The foreign policy of Sweden is based on the premise that national Security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a Neutral The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Sweden followed a policy of armed neutrality during World War II and currently remains non-aligned. The policy of Sweden during World War II was to remain neutral. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc
Sweden during World War II
Sweden remained neutral during World War II, despite the involvement of all its neighbors. The policy of Sweden during World War II was to remain neutral. For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sweden provided assistance to both warring parties.
Post-war Sweden: 1945
Economy
Sweden was one of the first non-participants of World War II to join the United Nations (in 1946). This article covers the History of Sweden from the end of World War II to the late 1980s. This article describes the History of Sweden from 1989 until present day. This article covers the History of Sweden from the end of World War II to the late 1980s. This article describes the History of Sweden from 1989 until present day. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Apart from this, the country tried to stay out of alliances and remain officially neutral during the cold war. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The social democratic party held government for 44 years (1932-1976), they spent a big part of the 1950s and 1960s building Folkhemmet (The People's Home), the Swedish welfare state. This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. The main reason that made this possible was that Sweden had not participated in World War II, and with an intact industry was able to help re-build Europe in the decades following the war. This led to a large economic upswing in the 50's and 60's.
By the 1970's the economies of the rest of western Europe, particularly that of West Germany, had been restored and the Swedish economy, now containing a large tax funded public sector, stagnated. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional In 1976, the social democrats lost their majority. The 1976 parliamentary elections brought a liberal/right-wing coalition to power. Over the next six years, four governments ruled and fell, composed by all or some of the parties that had won in 1976. The fourth liberal government in these years came under fire by Social Democrats & trade unions and the Moderate Party, culminating in the Social Democrats regaining power in 1982.
Politics
During the cold war Sweden maintained a dual approach, publicly the strict neutrality policy was forcefully maintained, but unofficially strong ties were kept with the U. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties S. and it was hoped that the U. S. would use conventional and nuclear weapons to strike at Soviet staging areas in the occupied Baltic states in case of a Soviet attack on Sweden. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Over time and due to the official neutrality dogma, fewer and fewer Swedish military officials were aware of the military cooperation with the west, making such cooperation in the event of war increasingly difficult. Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or At the same time Swedish defensive planning was completely based on help from abroad in the event of war. The fact that it was not permissible to mention this eventuality aloud eventually led to the Swedish armed forces becoming highly misbalanced. For example, a strong ability to defend against an amphibious invasion was maintained, while an ability to strike at inland staging areas was almost completely absent. [4]
In the early 1960’s U. S. nuclear submarines armed with mid-range nuclear missiles of type Polaris A-1 were deployed outside the Swedish west coast. The Polaris missile was a submarine-launched two-stage solid-fuel nuclear-armed ballistic missile ( SLBM) built during the Cold War by Lockheed for Range and safety considerations made this a good area from which to launch a retaliatory nuclear strike on Moscow. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The submarines had to be very close to the Swedish coast to hit their intended targets though. As a consequence of this, in 1960, the same year that the submarines were first deployed, the U. S. provided Sweden with a military security guarantee. The U. S. promised to provide military force in aid of Sweden in case of Soviet aggression. Knowledge of this guarantee was by the Swedish governments kept from the Swedish public until 1994, when a Swedish research commission found evidence for it.
As part of the military cooperation the U. S. provided much help in the development of the Saab 37 Viggen, as a strong Swedish air force was seen as necessary to keep Soviet anti-submarine aircraft from operating in the missile launch area. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In return Swedish scientists at the Royal Institute of Technology made considerable contributions to enhancing the targeting performance of the Polaris missiles. The Royal Institute of Technology or Kungliga Tekniska högskolan ( KTH) is a University in Stockholm, Sweden. [5]
On February 28, 1986, the social democratic leader and Swedish prime minister Olof Palme was murdered, after which many people felt Sweden had "lost its innocence". Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Sven Olof Joachim Palme ( ( 30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish politician In the beginning of the 1990s there occurred once again an economic crisis with high unemployment and many banks and companies going bankrupt. Sweden became a member of the European Union in 1995, after which the country more and more has started to stray from its post-war and cold war neutrality. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in In a referendum held in 2003, the majority of the population voted against the adoption of the Euro as the country's official currency. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e
See also
- Flag of Sweden
- Counties of Sweden - legislative regions
- Lands of Sweden - major cultural regions
- Provinces of Sweden - small cultural regions
- Former dominions of Sweden
- Unions of Sweden
- List of Swedes
- History of Scandinavia
- Sami history
- History of Finland
- History of Europe
- History of the European Union
- History of present-day nations and states
External links
- Historical Monetary Statistics of Sweden 1668-2008
- History of Sweden: Primary Documents
- Historical Atlas of Sweden
- Sweden Chronology World History Database
References
- ^ U.S. State Department Background Notes: Sweden "Swedish foreign policy is based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain neutral in the event of war. List of flags of Sweden The Flag of Sweden (Sveriges flagga is blue with a yellow Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag The Counties of Sweden, or Län, are the first level administrative and political Subdivisions of Sweden. Historical lands Sweden was historically divided into the four lands Götaland, Svealand, Norrland and The provinces of Sweden, Landskap, are historical geographical and cultural regions The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated Sweden has for political and dynastic reasons been in union with other kingdoms and princely states ostensibly Personal unions Norway (I and Terra Scania In The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal The Union between Sweden and Norway (Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige or the Swedish-Norwegian Kingdom was the union of the kingdoms of This is a list of well known Swedes, ordered alphabetically within categories The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled The High Council of Sweden or Council of the Realm (in Swedish Riksrådet until 1687 sometimes Latinised as Senatus Regni Sueciae) consisted originally The history of Scandinavia is the history of the Nordic countries — Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. The Sami peoples ( originally known as Saami) have inhabited the northern regions of Fenno-Scandinavia and Russia for a long time in coexistence The history of Europe describes the passage of time from humans inhabiting the European continent to the present day This article refers to the development of what is now the European Union, and to developments within those countrieswhich constitute it at the time of or near to This is a list of articles on the History of contemporary countries states and dependencies . . During the Cold War, Sweden was suspicious of the superpowers, which it saw as making decisions affecting small countries without always consulting those countries. With the end of the Cold War, that suspicion has lessened somewhat, although Sweden still chooses to remain nonaligned. "
- ^ Papardoukakis, Antonis. "Ristningar på mesolitiska föremål och "neolitiska" skifferföremål från Sverige. " (1993) UPARC
- ^ Nordström, Patrik. "Arkeologiska undersökningar invid hällristningar. Analys av 16 utgrävningar invid hällristningar i Sverige och Norge. " (1995) STARC
- ^ Livlös livlina till väst Framsyn 2004, Nr. 1 (The Swedish Defence Research Agency’s bi-monthly publication)
- ^ Hemliga atomubåtar gav Sverige säkerhetsgaranti Framsyn 2005, Nr. 1 (The Swedish Defence Research Agency’s bi-monthly publication))
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